Nuxt/docs/3.api/2.composables/use-fetch.md

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---
title: 'useFetch'
description: 'Fetch data from an API endpoint with a SSR-friendly composable.'
links:
- label: Source
icon: i-simple-icons-github
to: https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/main/packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/fetch.ts
size: xs
---
This composable provides a convenient wrapper around [`useAsyncData`](/docs/api/composables/use-async-data) and [`$fetch`](/docs/api/utils/dollarfetch).
It automatically generates a key based on URL and fetch options, provides type hints for request url based on server routes, and infers API response type.
::callout
`useFetch` is a composable meant to be called directly in a setup function, plugin, or route middleware. It returns reactive composables and handles adding responses to the Nuxt payload so they can be passed from server to client without re-fetching the data on client side when the page hydrates.
::
## Usage
```vue [pages/index.vue]
<script setup>
const route = useRoute()
const { data, pending, error, refresh } = await useFetch(`https://api.nuxtjs.dev/mountains/${route.params.slug}`, {
pick: ['title']
})
</script>
```
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Using the `query` option, you can add search parameters to your query. This option is extended from [unjs/ofetch](https://github.com/unjs/ofetch) and is using [unjs/ufo](https://github.com/unjs/ufo) to create the URL. Objects are automatically stringified.
```ts
const param1 = ref('value1')
const { data, pending, error, refresh } = await useFetch('https://api.nuxtjs.dev/mountains', {
query: { param1, param2: 'value2' }
})
```
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The above example results in `https://api.nuxtjs.dev/mountains?param1=value1&param2=value2`.
You can also use [interceptors](https://github.com/unjs/ofetch#%EF%B8%8F-interceptors):
```ts
const { data, pending, error, refresh } = await useFetch('/api/auth/login', {
onRequest({ request, options }) {
// Set the request headers
options.headers = options.headers || {}
options.headers.authorization = '...'
},
onRequestError({ request, options, error }) {
// Handle the request errors
},
onResponse({ request, response, options }) {
// Process the response data
localStorage.setItem('token', response._data.token)
},
onResponseError({ request, response, options }) {
// Handle the response errors
}
})
```
::callout{color="amber" icon="i-ph-warning-duotone"}
`useFetch` is a reserved function name transformed by the compiler, so you should not name your own function `useFetch`.
::
:link-example{to="/docs/examples/advanced/use-custom-fetch-composable"}
:read-more{to="/docs/getting-started/data-fetching"}
:link-example{to="/docs/examples/features/data-fetching"}
## Params
- `URL`: The URL to fetch.
- `Options` (extends [unjs/ofetch](https://github.com/unjs/ofetch) options & [AsyncDataOptions](/docs/api/composables/use-async-data#params)):
- `method`: Request method.
- `query`: Adds query search params to URL using [ufo](https://github.com/unjs/ufo)
- `params`: Alias for `query`
- `body`: Request body - automatically stringified (if an object is passed).
- `headers`: Request headers.
- `baseURL`: Base URL for the request.
- `timeout`: Milliseconds to automatically abort request
::callout
All fetch options can be given a `computed` or `ref` value. These will be watched and new requests made automatically with any new values if they are updated.
::
- `Options` (from [`useAsyncData`](/docs/api/composables/use-async-data)):
- `key`: a unique key to ensure that data fetching can be properly de-duplicated across requests, if not provided, it will be automatically generated based on URL and fetch options
- `server`: whether to fetch the data on the server (defaults to `true`)
- `lazy`: whether to resolve the async function after loading the route, instead of blocking client-side navigation (defaults to `false`)
- `immediate`: when set to `false`, will prevent the request from firing immediately. (defaults to `true`)
- `default`: a factory function to set the default value of the `data`, before the async function resolves - useful with the `lazy: true` or `immediate: false` option
- `transform`: a function that can be used to alter `handler` function result after resolving
- `getCachedData`: Provide a function which returns cached data. A _null_ or _undefined_ return value will trigger a fetch. By default, this is: `key => nuxt.isHydrating ? nuxt.payload.data[key] : nuxt.static.data[key]`, which only caches data when `payloadExtraction` is enabled.
- `pick`: only pick specified keys in this array from the `handler` function result
- `watch`: watch an array of reactive sources and auto-refresh the fetch result when they change. Fetch options and URL are watched by default. You can completely ignore reactive sources by using `watch: false`. Together with `immediate: false`, this allows for a fully-manual `useFetch`.
- `deep`: return data in a deep ref object (it is `true` by default). It can be set to `false` to return data in a shallow ref object, which can improve performance if your data does not need to be deeply reactive.
- `dedupe`: avoid fetching same key more than once at a time (defaults to `cancel`). Possible options:
- `cancel` - cancels existing requests when a new one is made
- `defer` - does not make new requests at all if there is a pending request
::callout
If you provide a function or ref as the `url` parameter, or if you provide functions as arguments to the `options` parameter, then the `useFetch` call will not match other `useFetch` calls elsewhere in your codebase, even if the options seem to be identical. If you wish to force a match, you may provide your own key in `options`.
::
::callout{icon="i-simple-icons-youtube" color="gray" to="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQPR0xn-MMk" target="_blank"}
Learn how to use `transform` and `getCachedData` to avoid superfluous calls to an API and cache data for visitors on the client.
::
## Return Values
- `data`: the result of the asynchronous function that is passed in.
- `pending`: a boolean indicating whether the data is still being fetched.
- `refresh`/`execute`: a function that can be used to refresh the data returned by the `handler` function.
- `error`: an error object if the data fetching failed.
- `status`: a string indicating the status of the data request (`"idle"`, `"pending"`, `"success"`, `"error"`).
By default, Nuxt waits until a `refresh` is finished before it can be executed again.
::callout
If you have not fetched data on the server (for example, with `server: false`), then the data _will not_ be fetched until hydration completes. This means even if you await `useFetch` on client-side, `data` will remain null within `<script setup>`.
::
## Type
```ts [Signature]
function useFetch<DataT, ErrorT>(
url: string | Request | Ref<string | Request> | () => string | Request,
options?: UseFetchOptions<DataT>
): Promise<AsyncData<DataT, ErrorT>>
type UseFetchOptions<DataT> = {
key?: string
method?: string
query?: SearchParams
params?: SearchParams
body?: RequestInit['body'] | Record<string, any>
headers?: Record<string, string> | [key: string, value: string][] | Headers
baseURL?: string
server?: boolean
lazy?: boolean
immediate?: boolean
getCachedData?: (key: string) => DataT
deep?: boolean
dedupe?: 'cancel' | 'defer'
default?: () => DataT
transform?: (input: DataT) => DataT
pick?: string[]
watch?: WatchSource[] | false
}
type AsyncData<DataT, ErrorT> = {
data: Ref<DataT | null>
pending: Ref<boolean>
refresh: (opts?: AsyncDataExecuteOptions) => Promise<void>
execute: (opts?: AsyncDataExecuteOptions) => Promise<void>
error: Ref<ErrorT | null>
status: Ref<AsyncDataRequestStatus>
}
interface AsyncDataExecuteOptions {
dedupe?: 'cancel' | 'defer'
}
type AsyncDataRequestStatus = 'idle' | 'pending' | 'success' | 'error'
```