docs: useState improvements (#1973)

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# State # State
Nuxt provides `useState` to create a globally shared state within the context. Nuxt provides `useState` composable to create a reactive and ssr-friendly shared state across components.
`useState` is SSR-friendly `ref` replacement in that its value will be hydrated (preserved) after server-side rendering and is shared across all components using a unique key. `useState` is a SSR-friendly [`ref`](https://v3.vuejs.org/api/refs-api.html#ref) replacement. Its value will be preserved after server-side rendering (during client-side hydration) and shared across all components using a unique key.
::alert{icon=⚠️} ## Signature
Never define `const state = ref()` outside of `<script setup>` or `setup()` function.
Such state will be shared across all users visiting your website and can lead to memory leaks!
✅ Instead use `const useX = () => useState('x')` ```ts
:: useState<T>(key: string, init?: () => T): Ref<T>
## Usage
Within your pages, components and plugins you can use `useState`.
```js
const state = useState<T>(key: string, init?: () => T): Ref<T>
``` ```
* **key**: A unique key ensuring that data fetching can be properly de-duplicated across requests * **key**: A unique key ensuring that data fetching can be properly de-duplicated across requests
@ -24,7 +15,17 @@ const state = useState<T>(key: string, init?: () => T): Ref<T>
* **T**: (typescript only) Specify type of state * **T**: (typescript only) Specify type of state
::alert{icon=👉} ::alert{icon=👉}
**`useState` only works during `setup` or `Lifecycle Hooks`** `useState` only works during `setup` or [`Lifecycle Hooks`](https://v3.vuejs.org/guide/composition-api-lifecycle-hooks.html#lifecycle-hooks).
::
## Best practices
::alert{type=danger icon=🚨}
Never define `const state = ref()` outside of `<script setup>` or `setup()` function.<br>
Such state will be shared across all users visiting your website and can lead to memory leaks!
::
::alert{type=success icon=✅}
Instead use `const useX = () => useState('x')`
:: ::
## Examples ## Examples
@ -53,13 +54,13 @@ const counter = useState('counter', () => Math.round(Math.random() * 1000))
:button-link[Open on StackBlitz]{href="https://stackblitz.com/github/nuxt/framework/tree/main/examples/use-state?terminal=dev" blank} :button-link[Open on StackBlitz]{href="https://stackblitz.com/github/nuxt/framework/tree/main/examples/use-state?terminal=dev" blank}
### Advanced Example ### Advanced
In this example, we use a composable that detects the user's default locale and keeps it in a `locale` state. In this example, we use a composable that detects the user's default locale from the request HTTP headers and keeps in `locale` state.
:button-link[Open on StackBlitz]{href="https://stackblitz.com/github/nuxt/framework/tree/main/examples/locale?terminal=dev" blank} :button-link[Open on StackBlitz]{href="https://stackblitz.com/github/nuxt/framework/tree/main/examples/locale?terminal=dev" blank}
## Shared State ## Shared state
By using [auto-imported composables](/docs/directory-structure/composables) we can define global type-safe states and import them across the app. By using [auto-imported composables](/docs/directory-structure/composables) we can define global type-safe states and import them across the app.
@ -74,6 +75,6 @@ const color = useColor() // Same as useState('color')
</script> </script>
<template> <template>
Current color: {{ color }} <p>Current color: {{ color }}</p>
</template> </template>
``` ```