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docs: improve server routes guide (#4401)
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The handler can directly return JSON data, a `Promise` or use `event.res.end()`
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::ReadMore{link="https://nitro.unjs.io/guide/routing.html" title="Nitro Route Handling Docs"}
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::ReadMore{link="https://nitro.unjs.io/guide/routing.html" title="Nitro Route Handling Docs"}
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::
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::
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## Usage Example
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## Example
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Create a new file in `server/api/hello.ts`:
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Create a new file in `server/api/hello.ts`:
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@ -60,7 +60,18 @@ export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
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})
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})
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```
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```
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## Matching Route Parameters
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## Server Utilities
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Server routes are powered by [unjs/h3](https://github.com/unjs/h3) which comes with a handy set of helpers.
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::ReadMore{link="https://www.jsdocs.io/package/h3#package-index-functions" title="Available H3 Request Helpers"}
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::
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You can add more helpers by yourself inside the `~/server/utils` directory.
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## Usage Examples
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### Matching Route Parameters
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Server routes can use dynamic parameters within brackets in the file name like `/api/hello/[name].ts` and accessed via `event.context.params`.
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Server routes can use dynamic parameters within brackets in the file name like `/api/hello/[name].ts` and accessed via `event.context.params`.
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@ -72,7 +83,7 @@ export default defineEventHandler(event => `Hello, ${event.context.params.name}!
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You can now universally call this API using `await $fetch('/api/hello/nuxt')` and get `Hello, nuxt!`.
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You can now universally call this API using `await $fetch('/api/hello/nuxt')` and get `Hello, nuxt!`.
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## Matching HTTP Method
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### Matching HTTP Method
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Handle file names can be suffixed with `.get`, `.post`, `.put`, `.delete`, ... to match request's [HTTP Method](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods).
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Handle file names can be suffixed with `.get`, `.post`, `.put`, `.delete`, ... to match request's [HTTP Method](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods).
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@ -90,7 +101,7 @@ Given the Example above, fetching `/test` with:
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- **POST** method: Returns `Test post handler`
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- **POST** method: Returns `Test post handler`
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- Any other method: Returns 404 error
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- Any other method: Returns 404 error
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## Catch-all route
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### Catch-all route
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Catch-all routes are helpful for fallback route handling. For Example, creating a file in the `~/server/api/foo/[...].ts` will register a catch-all route for all requests that do not match any route handler, such as `/api/foo/bar/baz`.
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Catch-all routes are helpful for fallback route handling. For Example, creating a file in the `~/server/api/foo/[...].ts` will register a catch-all route for all requests that do not match any route handler, such as `/api/foo/bar/baz`.
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@ -104,7 +115,7 @@ export default defineEventHandler(() => `Default foo handler`)
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export default defineEventHandler(() => `Default api handler`)
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export default defineEventHandler(() => `Default api handler`)
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```
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```
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## Handling Requests with Body
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### Handling Requests with Body
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```ts [/server/api/submit.post.ts]
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```ts [/server/api/submit.post.ts]
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export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
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export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
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@ -119,7 +130,28 @@ You can now universally call this API using `$fetch('/api/submit', { method: 'po
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We are using `submit.post.ts` in the filename only to match requests with `POST` method that can accept the request body. When using `useBody` within a GET request, `useBody` will throw a `405 Method Not Allowed` HTTP error.
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We are using `submit.post.ts` in the filename only to match requests with `POST` method that can accept the request body. When using `useBody` within a GET request, `useBody` will throw a `405 Method Not Allowed` HTTP error.
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::
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::
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## Access Request Cookies
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### Handling Requests with query parameters
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Sample query `/api/query?param1=a¶m2=b`
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```ts [/server/api/query.get.ts]
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export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
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const query = useQuery(event)
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return { a: query.param1, b: query.param2 }
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})
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```
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### Get access to the runtimeConfig
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```ts [/server/api/foo.ts]
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export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
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const config = useRuntimeConfig()
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return { key: config.KEY }
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})
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```
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### Access Request Cookies
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```ts
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```ts
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export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
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export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
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@ -128,7 +160,9 @@ export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
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})
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})
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```
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```
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## Using a nested router
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## Advanced Usage Examples
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### Using a nested router
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```ts [/server/api/hello.ts]
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```ts [/server/api/hello.ts]
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import { createRouter } from 'h3'
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import { createRouter } from 'h3'
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@ -140,7 +174,20 @@ router.get('/', () => 'Hello World')
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export default router
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export default router
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```
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```
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## Return a legacy handler or middleware
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### Sending streams (experimental)
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**Note:** This is an experimental feature and available only within Node.js environments.
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```ts [/server/api/foo.get.ts]
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import fs from 'node:fs'
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import { sendStream } from 'h3'
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export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
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return sendStream(event, fs.createReadStream('/path/to/file'))
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})
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```
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### Return a legacy handler or middleware
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```ts [/server/api/legacy.ts]
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```ts [/server/api/legacy.ts]
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export default (req, res) => {
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export default (req, res) => {
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@ -162,12 +209,3 @@ export default (req, res, next) => {
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::alert{type=warning}
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::alert{type=warning}
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Never combine `next()` callback with a legacy middleware that is `async` or returns a `Promise`!
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Never combine `next()` callback with a legacy middleware that is `async` or returns a `Promise`!
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::
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::
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## Server Utils
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Server routes are powered by [unjs/h3](https://github.com/unjs/h3) which comes with a handy set of helpers.
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::ReadMore{link="https://www.jsdocs.io/package/h3#package-index-functions" title="Available H3 Request Helpers"}
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::
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You can add more helpers by yourself inside the `~/server/utils` directory.
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