Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into patch-21

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
         run: pnpm install
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@eb055d739abdc2e8de2e5f4ba1a8b246daa779aa # v3.26.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@883d8588e56d1753a8a58c1c86e88976f0c23449 # v3.26.3
         with:
           languages: javascript
           queries: +security-and-quality
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
           path: packages
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@eb055d739abdc2e8de2e5f4ba1a8b246daa779aa # v3.26.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@883d8588e56d1753a8a58c1c86e88976f0c23449 # v3.26.3
         with:
           category: "/language:javascript"
 

.github/workflows/reproduire-sur-stackblitz.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: reproduire-sur-stackblitz
+on:
+    issues:
+        types:
+            opened
+
+permissions:
+    issues: write
+
+jobs:
+    reproduire-sur-stackblitz:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+            - uses: huang-julien/reproduire-sur-stackblitz@v1.0.0
+              with:
+                reproduction-heading: '### Reproduction'

.github/workflows/scorecards.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@eb055d739abdc2e8de2e5f4ba1a8b246daa779aa # v3.26.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@883d8588e56d1753a8a58c1c86e88976f0c23449 # v3.26.3
         if: github.repository == 'nuxt/nuxt' && success()
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif

docs/1.getting-started/11.testing.md

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ In order to allow you to manage your other testing dependencies, `@nuxt/test-uti
 - you can choose between `vitest`, `cucumber`, `jest` and `playwright` for end-to-end test runners
 - `playwright-core` is only required if you wish to use the built-in browser testing utilities (and are not using `@playwright/test` as your test runner)
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-```bash [yarn]
-yarn add --dev @nuxt/test-utils vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom playwright-core
-```
 ```bash [npm]
 npm i --save-dev @nuxt/test-utils vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom playwright-core
 ```
+```bash [yarn]
+yarn add --dev @nuxt/test-utils vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom playwright-core
+```
 ```bash [pnpm]
 pnpm add -D @nuxt/test-utils vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom playwright-core
 ```
@@ -421,13 +421,13 @@ If you prefer to use `@vue/test-utils` on its own for unit testing in Nuxt, and
 
 1. Install the needed dependencies
 
-   ::code-group
+   ::package-managers
-   ```bash [yarn]
-   yarn add --dev vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom @vitejs/plugin-vue
-   ```
    ```bash [npm]
    npm i --save-dev vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom @vitejs/plugin-vue
    ```
+   ```bash [yarn]
+   yarn add --dev vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom @vitejs/plugin-vue
+   ```
    ```bash [pnpm]
    pnpm add -D vitest @vue/test-utils happy-dom @vitejs/plugin-vue
    ```
@@ -487,13 +487,13 @@ If you prefer to use `@vue/test-utils` on its own for unit testing in Nuxt, and
 
 6. Run vitest command
 
-   ::code-group
+   ::package-managers
-   ```bash [yarn]
-   yarn test
-   ```
    ```bash [npm]
    npm run test
    ```
+   ```bash [yarn]
+   yarn test
+   ```
    ```bash [pnpm]
    pnpm run test
    ```
@@ -658,13 +658,13 @@ const page = await createPage('/page')
 
 We also provide first-class support for testing Nuxt within [the Playwright test runner](https://playwright.dev/docs/intro).
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-```bash [yarn]
-yarn add --dev @playwright/test @nuxt/test-utils
-```
 ```bash [npm]
 npm i --save-dev @playwright/test @nuxt/test-utils
 ```
+```bash [yarn]
+yarn add --dev @playwright/test @nuxt/test-utils
+```
 ```bash [pnpm]
 pnpm add -D @playwright/test @nuxt/test-utils
 ```

docs/1.getting-started/12.upgrade.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ navigation.icon: i-ph-arrow-circle-up-duotone
 
 To upgrade Nuxt to the [latest release](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/releases), use the `nuxi upgrade` command.
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npx nuxi upgrade

docs/1.getting-started/2.installation.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Or follow the steps below to set up a new Nuxt project on your computer.
 
 Open a terminal (if you're using [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com), you can open an [integrated terminal](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/integrated-terminal)) and use the following command to create a new starter project:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npx nuxi@latest init <project-name>
@@ -75,16 +75,16 @@ cd <project-name>
 
 Now you'll be able to start your Nuxt app in development mode:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-
-```bash [yarn]
-yarn dev --open
-```
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npm run dev -- -o
 ```
 
+```bash [yarn]
+yarn dev --open
+```
+
 ```bash [pnpm]
 pnpm dev -o
 ```

docs/1.getting-started/4.styling.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ h1 {
 
 You can also reference stylesheets that are distributed through npm. Let's use the popular `animate.css` library as an example.
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npm install animate.css

docs/1.getting-started/9.prerendering.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Use the [`nuxi generate` command](/docs/api/commands/generate) to build and pre-
 
 This will build your site, stand up a nuxt instance, and, by default, prerender the root page `/` along with any of your site's pages it links to, any of your site's pages they link to, and so on.
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npx nuxi generate

docs/2.guide/1.concepts/3.rendering.md

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ You can explore open source examples deployed on some of the platform mentioned
   target: _blank
   ui.icon.base: text-black dark:text-white
   ---
-  An editable website with universal rendering based on CloudFlare KV.
+  An editable website with universal rendering based on Cloudflare KV.
   ::
 ::
 

docs/2.guide/1.concepts/8.typescript.md

@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ By default, Nuxt doesn't check types when you run [`nuxi dev`](/docs/api/command
 
 To enable type-checking at build or development time, install `vue-tsc` and `typescript` as development dependency:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-
-  ```bash [yarn]
-  yarn add --dev vue-tsc typescript
-  ```
 
   ```bash [npm]
   npm install --save-dev vue-tsc typescript
   ```
 
+  ```bash [yarn]
+  yarn add --dev vue-tsc typescript
+  ```
+
   ```bash [pnpm]
   pnpm add -D vue-tsc typescript
   ```

docs/2.guide/2.directory-structure/1.plugins.md

@@ -246,13 +246,13 @@ If you want to use Vue plugins, like [vue-gtag](https://github.com/MatteoGabriel
 
 First, install the Vue plugin dependency:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-```bash [yarn]
-yarn add --dev vue-gtag-next
-```
 ```bash [npm]
 npm install --save-dev vue-gtag-next
 ```
+```bash [yarn]
+yarn add --dev vue-gtag-next
+```
 ```bash [pnpm]
 pnpm add -D vue-gtag-next
 ```

docs/2.guide/3.going-further/3.modules.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ With modules, you can encapsulate, properly test, and share custom solutions as
 
 We recommend you get started with Nuxt Modules using our [starter template](https://github.com/nuxt/starter/tree/module):
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npx nuxi init -t module my-module
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ Learn more about asset injection in [the recipes section](#recipes).
 
 ::warning
 Published modules cannot leverage auto-imports for assets within their runtime directory. Instead, they have to import them explicitly from `#imports` or alike.
-
+:br :br
 Indeed, auto-imports are not enabled for files within `node_modules` (the location where a published module will eventually live) for performance reasons.
-
+:br :br
 If you are using the module starter, auto-imports will not be enabled in your playground either.
 ::
 
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ Testing helps ensuring your module works as expected given various setup. Find i
 
 ::tip
 We're still discussing and exploring how to ease unit and integration testing on Nuxt Modules.
-
+:br :br
 [Check out this RFC to join the conversation](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/discussions/18399).
 ::
 

docs/2.guide/4.recipes/2.vite-plugin.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ While Nuxt modules offer extensive functionality, sometimes a specific Vite plug
 
 First, we need to install the Vite plugin, for our example, we'll use `@rollup/plugin-yaml`:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
 
   ```bash [npm]
   npm install @rollup/plugin-yaml

docs/3.api/1.components/4.nuxt-link.md

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ When not using `external`, `<NuxtLink>` supports all Vue Router's [`RouterLink`
 - `noRel`: If set to `true`, no `rel` attribute will be added to the link
 - `external`: Forces the link to be rendered as an `a` tag instead of a Vue Router `RouterLink`.
 - `prefetch`: When enabled will prefetch middleware, layouts and payloads (when using [payloadExtraction](/docs/api/nuxt-config#crossoriginprefetch)) of links in the viewport. Used by the experimental [crossOriginPrefetch](/docs/api/nuxt-config#crossoriginprefetch) config.
+- `prefetchOn`: Allows custom control of when to prefetch links. Possible options are `interaction` and `visibility` (default). You can also pass an object for full control, for example: `{ interaction: true, visibility: true }`. This prop is only used when `prefetch` is enabled (default) and `noPrefetch` is not set.
 - `noPrefetch`: Disables prefetching.
 - `prefetchedClass`: A class to apply to links that have been prefetched.
 
@@ -185,8 +186,13 @@ interface NuxtLinkOptions {
   externalRelAttribute?: string;
   activeClass?: string;
   exactActiveClass?: string;
-  prefetchedClass?: string;
   trailingSlash?: 'append' | 'remove'
+  prefetch?: boolean
+  prefetchedClass?: string
+  prefetchOn?: Partial<{
+    visibility: boolean
+    interaction: boolean
+  }>
 }
 function defineNuxtLink(options: NuxtLinkOptions): Component {}
 ```
@@ -195,7 +201,9 @@ function defineNuxtLink(options: NuxtLinkOptions): Component {}
 - `externalRelAttribute`: A default `rel` attribute value applied on external links. Defaults to `"noopener noreferrer"`. Set it to `""` to disable
 - `activeClass`: A default class to apply on active links. Works the same as [Vue Router's `linkActiveClass` option](https://router.vuejs.org/api/interfaces/RouterOptions.html#Properties-linkActiveClass). Defaults to Vue Router's default (`"router-link-active"`)
 - `exactActiveClass`: A default class to apply on exact active links. Works the same as [Vue Router's `linkExactActiveClass` option](https://router.vuejs.org/api/interfaces/RouterOptions.html#Properties-linkExactActiveClass). Defaults to Vue Router's default (`"router-link-exact-active"`)
-- `prefetchedClass`: A default class to apply to links that have been prefetched.
 - `trailingSlash`: An option to either add or remove trailing slashes in the `href`. If unset or not matching the valid values `append` or `remove`, it will be ignored.
+- `prefetch`: Whether or not to prefetch links by default.
+- `prefetchOn`: Granular control of which prefetch strategies to apply by default.
+- `prefetchedClass`: A default class to apply to links that have been prefetched.
 
 :link-example{to="/docs/examples/routing/pages"}

docs/3.api/2.composables/use-async-data.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ const { data: posts } = await useAsyncData(
   - `getCachedData`: Provide a function which returns cached data. A _null_ or _undefined_ return value will trigger a fetch. By default, this is: `key => nuxt.isHydrating ? nuxt.payload.data[key] : nuxt.static.data[key]`, which only caches data when `payloadExtraction` is enabled.
   - `pick`: only pick specified keys in this array from the `handler` function result
   - `watch`: watch reactive sources to auto-refresh
-  - `deep`: return data in a deep ref object (it is `true` by default). It can be set to `false` to return data in a shallow ref object, which can improve performance if your data does not need to be deeply reactive.
+  - `deep`: return data in a deep ref object. It is `false` by default to return data in a shallow ref object for performance.
   - `dedupe`: avoid fetching same key more than once at a time (defaults to `cancel`). Possible options:
     - `cancel` - cancels existing requests when a new one is made
     - `defer` - does not make new requests at all if there is a pending request

docs/3.api/2.composables/use-fetch.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ All fetch options can be given a `computed` or `ref` value. These will be watche
   - `getCachedData`: Provide a function which returns cached data. A _null_ or _undefined_ return value will trigger a fetch. By default, this is: `key => nuxt.isHydrating ? nuxt.payload.data[key] : nuxt.static.data[key]`, which only caches data when `payloadExtraction` is enabled.
   - `pick`: only pick specified keys in this array from the `handler` function result
   - `watch`: watch an array of reactive sources and auto-refresh the fetch result when they change. Fetch options and URL are watched by default. You can completely ignore reactive sources by using `watch: false`. Together with `immediate: false`, this allows for a fully-manual `useFetch`. (You can [see an example here](/docs/getting-started/data-fetching#watch) of using `watch`.)
-  - `deep`: return data in a deep ref object (it is `true` by default). It can be set to `false` to return data in a shallow ref object, which can improve performance if your data does not need to be deeply reactive.
+  - `deep`: return data in a deep ref object. It is `false` by default to return data in a shallow ref object for performance.
   - `dedupe`: avoid fetching same key more than once at a time (defaults to `cancel`). Possible options:
     - `cancel` - cancels existing requests when a new one is made
     - `defer` - does not make new requests at all if there is a pending request

docs/3.api/2.composables/use-runtime-config.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ description: 'Access runtime config variables with the useRuntimeConfig composab
 links:
   - label: Source
     icon: i-simple-icons-github
-    to: https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/main/packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/asyncData.ts
+    to: https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/main/packages/nuxt/src/app/nuxt.ts
     size: xs
 ---
 

docs/6.bridge/1.overview.md

@@ -28,16 +28,15 @@ Make sure your dev server (`nuxt dev`) isn't running, remove any package lock fi
 
 Then, reinstall your dependencies:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-
-```bash [yarn]
-yarn install
-```
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npm install
 ```
 
+```bash [yarn]
+yarn install
+```
 ::
 
 ::note
@@ -48,16 +47,16 @@ Once the installation is complete, make sure both development and production bui
 
 Install `@nuxt/bridge` and `nuxi` as development dependencies:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-
-```bash [Yarn]
-yarn add --dev @nuxt/bridge nuxi
-```
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npm install -D @nuxt/bridge nuxi
 ```
 
+```bash [yarn]
+yarn add --dev @nuxt/bridge nuxi
+```
+
 ::
 
 ### Update `nuxt.config`

docs/6.bridge/8.nitro.md

@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ You will also need to update your scripts within your `package.json` to reflect
 
 Install `nuxi` as a development dependency:
 
-::code-group
+::package-managers
-
-```bash [yarn]
-yarn add --dev nuxi
-```
 
 ```bash [npm]
 npm install -D nuxi
 ```
 
+```bash [yarn]
+yarn add --dev nuxi
+```
+
 ::
 
 ### Nuxi

package.json

@@ -39,17 +39,17 @@
     "@nuxt/ui-templates": "workspace:*",
     "@nuxt/vite-builder": "workspace:*",
     "@nuxt/webpack-builder": "workspace:*",
-    "@types/node": "20.14.15",
+    "@types/node": "20.16.1",
     "c12": "2.0.0-beta.1",
     "h3": "npm:h3-nightly@2.0.0-1718872656.6765a6e",
     "jiti": "2.0.0-beta.3",
     "magic-string": "^0.30.11",
     "nitro": "npm:nitro-nightly@3.0.0-beta-28665895.e727afda",
     "nuxt": "workspace:*",
-    "rollup": "^4.20.0",
+    "rollup": "^4.21.0",
     "typescript": "5.5.4",
     "unbuild": "3.0.0-rc.7",
-    "vite": "5.4.0",
+    "vite": "5.4.1",
     "vue": "3.5.0-beta.1",
     "@vue/compiler-core": "3.5.0-beta.1",
     "@vue/compiler-dom": "3.5.0-beta.1",
@@ -59,30 +59,30 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@eslint/js": "9.9.0",
-    "@nuxt/eslint-config": "0.5.0",
+    "@nuxt/eslint-config": "0.5.1",
     "@nuxt/kit": "workspace:*",
     "@nuxt/test-utils": "3.14.1",
     "@nuxt/webpack-builder": "workspace:*",
     "@testing-library/vue": "8.1.0",
     "@types/eslint__js": "8.42.3",
-    "@types/node": "20.14.15",
+    "@types/node": "20.16.1",
     "@types/semver": "7.5.8",
     "@unhead/schema": "1.9.16",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "5.1.2",
     "@vitest/coverage-v8": "2.0.5",
     "@vue/test-utils": "2.4.6",
     "autoprefixer": "10.4.20",
-    "case-police": "0.6.1",
+    "case-police": "0.7.0",
     "changelogen": "0.5.5",
     "consola": "3.2.3",
     "cssnano": "7.0.5",
     "destr": "2.0.3",
     "devalue": "5.0.0",
     "eslint": "9.9.0",
-    "eslint-plugin-no-only-tests": "3.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-no-only-tests": "3.3.0",
-    "eslint-plugin-perfectionist": "3.1.3",
+    "eslint-plugin-perfectionist": "3.2.0",
-    "eslint-typegen": "0.3.0",
+    "eslint-typegen": "0.3.1",
-    "execa": "9.3.0",
+    "execa": "9.3.1",
     "globby": "14.0.2",
     "h3": "npm:h3-nightly@2.0.0-1718872656.6765a6e",
     "happy-dom": "14.12.3",
@@ -94,19 +94,19 @@
     "nuxt-content-twoslash": "0.1.1",
     "ofetch": "1.3.4",
     "pathe": "1.1.2",
-    "playwright-core": "1.46.0",
+    "playwright-core": "1.46.1",
     "rimraf": "6.0.1",
     "semver": "7.6.3",
     "std-env": "3.7.0",
     "typescript": "5.5.4",
     "ufo": "1.5.4",
     "vitest": "2.0.5",
-    "vitest-environment-nuxt": "1.0.0",
+    "vitest-environment-nuxt": "1.0.1",
-    "vue": "3.4.37",
+    "vue": "3.4.38",
     "vue-router": "4.4.3",
     "vue-tsc": "2.0.29"
   },
-  "packageManager": "pnpm@9.7.0",
+  "packageManager": "pnpm@9.7.1",
   "engines": {
     "node": "^16.10.0 || >=18.0.0"
   },

packages/kit/package.json

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     "@types/semver": "7.5.8",
     "nitro": "npm:nitro-nightly@3.0.0-beta-28665895.e727afda",
     "unbuild": "3.0.0-rc.7",
-    "vite": "5.4.0",
+    "vite": "5.4.1",
     "vitest": "2.0.5",
     "webpack": "5.93.0"
   },

packages/nuxt/package.json

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     "@unhead/dom": "^1.9.16",
     "@unhead/ssr": "^1.9.16",
     "@unhead/vue": "^1.9.16",
-    "@vue/shared": "^3.4.37",
+    "@vue/shared": "^3.4.38",
     "acorn": "8.12.1",
     "c12": "^2.0.0-beta.1",
     "chokidar": "^3.6.0",
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
     "destr": "^2.0.3",
     "devalue": "^5.0.0",
     "errx": "^0.1.0",
-    "esbuild": "^0.23.0",
+    "esbuild": "^0.23.1",
     "escape-string-regexp": "^5.0.0",
     "estree-walker": "^3.0.3",
     "globby": "^14.0.2",
@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@
     "unctx": "^2.3.1",
     "unenv": "^1.10.0",
     "unimport": "^3.10.0",
-    "unplugin": "^1.12.1",
+    "unplugin": "^1.12.2",
-    "unplugin-vue-router": "^0.10.3",
+    "unplugin-vue-router": "^0.10.7",
     "unstorage": "^1.10.2",
     "untyped": "^1.4.2",
-    "vue": "^3.4.37",
+    "vue": "^3.4.38",
     "vue-bundle-renderer": "^2.1.0",
     "vue-devtools-stub": "^0.1.0",
     "vue-router": "^4.4.3"
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@
     "@parcel/watcher": "2.4.1",
     "@types/estree": "1.0.5",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "5.1.2",
-    "@vue/compiler-sfc": "3.4.37",
+    "@vue/compiler-sfc": "3.4.38",
     "unbuild": "3.0.0-rc.7",
-    "vite": "5.4.0",
+    "vite": "5.4.1",
     "vitest": "2.0.5"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/client-only.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { ComponentInternalInstance, ComponentOptions, InjectionKey } from '
 import { isPromise } from '@vue/shared'
 import { useNuxtApp } from '../nuxt'
 import { getFragmentHTML } from './utils'
+import ServerPlaceholder from './server-placeholder'
 
 export const clientOnlySymbol: InjectionKey<boolean> = Symbol.for('nuxt:client-only')
 
@@ -36,6 +37,9 @@ const cache = new WeakMap()
 
 /* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__ */
 export function createClientOnly<T extends ComponentOptions> (component: T) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
+    return ServerPlaceholder
+  }
   if (cache.has(component)) {
     return cache.get(component)
   }
@@ -45,15 +49,14 @@ export function createClientOnly<T extends ComponentOptions> (component: T) {
   if (clone.render) {
     // override the component render (non script setup component) or dev mode
     clone.render = (ctx: any, cache: any, $props: any, $setup: any, $data: any, $options: any) => {
-      // import.meta.client for server-side treeshakking
+      if ($setup.mounted$ ?? ctx.mounted$) {
-      if (import.meta.client && ($setup.mounted$ ?? ctx.mounted$)) {
         const res = component.render?.bind(ctx)(ctx, cache, $props, $setup, $data, $options)
         return (res.children === null || typeof res.children === 'string')
           ? cloneVNode(res)
           : h(res)
       } else {
         const fragment = getFragmentHTML(ctx._.vnode.el ?? null) ?? ['<div></div>']
-        return import.meta.client ? createStaticVNode(fragment.join(''), fragment.length) : h('div', ctx.$attrs ?? ctx._.attrs)
+        return createStaticVNode(fragment.join(''), fragment.length)
       }
     }
   } else if (clone.template) {
@@ -66,10 +69,10 @@ export function createClientOnly<T extends ComponentOptions> (component: T) {
 
   clone.setup = (props, ctx) => {
     const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
-    const mounted$ = ref(import.meta.client && nuxtApp.isHydrating === false)
+    const mounted$ = ref(nuxtApp.isHydrating === false)
     const instance = getCurrentInstance()!
 
-    if (import.meta.server || nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
+    if (nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
       const attrs = { ...instance.attrs }
       // remove existing directives during hydration
       const directives = extractDirectives(instance)
@@ -97,14 +100,14 @@ export function createClientOnly<T extends ComponentOptions> (component: T) {
           return setupState
         }
         return (...args: any[]) => {
-          if (import.meta.client && (mounted$.value || !nuxtApp.isHydrating)) {
+          if (mounted$.value || !nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
             const res = setupState(...args)
             return (res.children === null || typeof res.children === 'string')
               ? cloneVNode(res)
               : h(res)
           } else {
             const fragment = getFragmentHTML(instance?.vnode.el ?? null) ?? ['<div></div>']
-            return import.meta.client ? createStaticVNode(fragment.join(''), fragment.length) : h('div', ctx.attrs)
+            return createStaticVNode(fragment.join(''), fragment.length)
           }
         }
       })
@@ -115,9 +118,7 @@ export function createClientOnly<T extends ComponentOptions> (component: T) {
             return h(setupState(...args), ctx.attrs)
           }
           const fragment = getFragmentHTML(instance?.vnode.el ?? null) ?? ['<div></div>']
-          return import.meta.client
+          return createStaticVNode(fragment.join(''), fragment.length)
-            ? createStaticVNode(fragment.join(''), fragment.length) :
-            h('div', ctx.attrs)
         }
       }
       return Object.assign(setupState, { mounted$ })

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-link.ts

@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@ export interface NuxtLinkProps extends Omit<RouterLinkProps, 'to'> {
    * When enabled will prefetch middleware, layouts and payloads of links in the viewport.
    */
   prefetch?: boolean
+  /**
+   * Allows controlling when to prefetch links. By default, prefetch is triggered only on visibility.
+   */
+  prefetchOn?: 'visibility' | 'interaction' | Partial<{
+    visibility: boolean
+    interaction: boolean
+  }>
   /**
    * Escape hatch to disable `prefetch` attribute.
    */
@@ -71,7 +78,7 @@ export interface NuxtLinkProps extends Omit<RouterLinkProps, 'to'> {
  */
 export interface NuxtLinkOptions extends
   Partial<Pick<RouterLinkProps, 'activeClass' | 'exactActiveClass'>>,
-  Partial<Pick<NuxtLinkProps, 'prefetchedClass'>> {
+  Partial<Pick<NuxtLinkProps, 'prefetch' | 'prefetchedClass'>> {
   /**
    * The name of the component.
    * @default "NuxtLink"
@@ -86,6 +93,11 @@ export interface NuxtLinkOptions extends
    * If unset or not matching the valid values `append` or `remove`, it will be ignored.
    */
   trailingSlash?: 'append' | 'remove'
+
+  /**
+   * Allows controlling default setting for when to prefetch links. By default, prefetch is triggered only on visibility.
+   */
+  prefetchOn?: Exclude<NuxtLinkProps['prefetchOn'], string>
 }
 
 /* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__ */
@@ -239,6 +251,14 @@ export function defineNuxtLink (options: NuxtLinkOptions) {
         default: undefined,
         required: false,
       },
+      prefetchOn: {
+        type: [String, Object] as PropType<NuxtLinkProps['prefetchOn']>,
+        default: options.prefetchOn || {
+          visibility: true,
+          interaction: false,
+        } satisfies NuxtLinkProps['prefetchOn'],
+        required: false,
+      },
       noPrefetch: {
         type: Boolean as PropType<NuxtLinkProps['noPrefetch']>,
         default: undefined,
@@ -299,10 +319,27 @@ export function defineNuxtLink (options: NuxtLinkOptions) {
       const el = import.meta.server ? undefined : ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
       const elRef = import.meta.server ? undefined : (ref: any) => { el!.value = props.custom ? ref?.$el?.nextElementSibling : ref?.$el }
 
+      function shouldPrefetch (mode: 'visibility' | 'interaction') {
+        return !prefetched.value && (typeof props.prefetchOn === 'string' ? props.prefetchOn === mode : (props.prefetchOn?.[mode] ?? options.prefetchOn?.[mode])) && (props.prefetch ?? options.prefetch) !== false && props.noPrefetch !== true && props.target !== '_blank' && !isSlowConnection()
+      }
+
+      async function prefetch (nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()) {
+        if (prefetched.value) { return }
+
+        prefetched.value = true
+
+        const path = typeof to.value === 'string'
+          ? to.value
+          : isExternal.value ? resolveRouteObject(to.value) : router.resolve(to.value).fullPath
+        await Promise.all([
+          nuxtApp.hooks.callHook('link:prefetch', path).catch(() => {}),
+          !isExternal.value && !hasTarget.value && preloadRouteComponents(to.value as string, router).catch(() => {}),
+        ])
+      }
+
       if (import.meta.client) {
         checkPropConflicts(props, 'prefetch', 'noPrefetch')
-        const shouldPrefetch = props.prefetch !== false && props.noPrefetch !== true && props.target !== '_blank' && !isSlowConnection()
+        if (shouldPrefetch('visibility')) {
-        if (shouldPrefetch) {
           const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
           let idleId: number
           let unobserve: (() => void) | null = null
@@ -314,15 +351,7 @@ export function defineNuxtLink (options: NuxtLinkOptions) {
                   unobserve = observer!.observe(el.value as HTMLElement, async () => {
                     unobserve?.()
                     unobserve = null
-
+                    await prefetch(nuxtApp)
-                    const path = typeof to.value === 'string'
-                      ? to.value
-                      : isExternal.value ? resolveRouteObject(to.value) : router.resolve(to.value).fullPath
-                    await Promise.all([
-                      nuxtApp.hooks.callHook('link:prefetch', path).catch(() => {}),
-                      !isExternal.value && !hasTarget.value && preloadRouteComponents(to.value as string, router).catch(() => {}),
-                    ])
-                    prefetched.value = true
                   })
                 }
               })
@@ -355,6 +384,8 @@ export function defineNuxtLink (options: NuxtLinkOptions) {
             replace: props.replace,
             ariaCurrentValue: props.ariaCurrentValue,
             custom: props.custom,
+            onPointerenter: shouldPrefetch('interaction') ? prefetch.bind(null, undefined) : undefined,
+            onFocus: shouldPrefetch('interaction') ? prefetch.bind(null, undefined) : undefined,
           }
 
           // `custom` API cannot support fallthrough attributes as the slot

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/asyncData.ts

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export interface AsyncDataOptions<
    */
   immediate?: boolean
   /**
-   * Return data in a deep ref object (it is true by default). It can be set to false to return data in a shallow ref object, which can improve performance if your data does not need to be deeply reactive.
+   * Return data in a deep ref object (it is false by default). It can be set to false to return data in a shallow ref object, which can improve performance if your data does not need to be deeply reactive.
    */
   deep?: boolean
   /**
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ export function useAsyncData<
   if (import.meta.client) {
     // Setup hook callbacks once per instance
     const instance = getCurrentInstance()
-    if (import.meta.dev && !nuxtApp.isHydrating && (!instance || instance?.isMounted)) {
+    if (import.meta.dev && !nuxtApp.isHydrating && !nuxtApp._processingMiddleware /* internal flag */ && (!instance || instance?.isMounted)) {
       // @ts-expect-error private property
       console.warn(`[nuxt] [${options._functionName || 'useAsyncData'}] Component is already mounted, please use $fetch instead. See https://nuxt.com/docs/getting-started/data-fetching`)
     }

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/payload.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { useRoute } from './router'
 import { getAppManifest, getRouteRules } from './manifest'
 
 // @ts-expect-error virtual import
-import { appManifest, payloadExtraction, renderJsonPayloads } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
+import { appId, appManifest, multiApp, payloadExtraction, renderJsonPayloads } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
 
 interface LoadPayloadOptions {
   fresh?: boolean
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ export async function getNuxtClientPayload () {
     return payloadCache
   }
 
-  const el = document.getElementById('__NUXT_DATA__')
+  const el = multiApp ? document.querySelector(`[data-nuxt-data="${appId}"]`) as HTMLElement : document.getElementById('__NUXT_DATA__')
   if (!el) {
     return {} as Partial<NuxtPayload>
   }
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ export async function getNuxtClientPayload () {
   payloadCache = {
     ...inlineData,
     ...externalData,
-    ...window.__NUXT__,
+    ...(multiApp ? window.__NUXT__?.[appId] : window.__NUXT__),
   }
 
   if (payloadCache!.config?.public) {

packages/nuxt/src/app/entry.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import plugins from '#build/plugins'
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
 import RootComponent from '#build/root-component.mjs'
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
-import { vueAppRootContainer } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
+import { appId, multiApp, vueAppRootContainer } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
 
 let entry: (ssrContext?: CreateOptions['ssrContext']) => Promise<App<Element>>
 
@@ -50,9 +50,10 @@ if (import.meta.client) {
 
   entry = async function initApp () {
     if (vueAppPromise) { return vueAppPromise }
+
     const isSSR = Boolean(
-      window.__NUXT__?.serverRendered ||
+      (multiApp ? window.__NUXT__?.[appId] : window.__NUXT__)?.serverRendered ??
-      document.getElementById('__NUXT_DATA__')?.dataset.ssr === 'true',
+      (multiApp ? document.querySelector(`[data-nuxt-data="${appId}"]`) as HTMLElement : document.getElementById('__NUXT_DATA__'))?.dataset.ssr === 'true',
     )
     const vueApp = isSSR ? createSSRApp(RootComponent) : createApp(RootComponent)
 

packages/nuxt/src/app/nuxt.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import type { RouteAnnouncer } from '../app/composables/route-announcer'
 import type { ViewTransition } from './plugins/view-transitions.client'
 
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
-import { appId } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
+import { appId, multiApp } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
 
 import type { NuxtAppLiterals } from '#app'
 
@@ -310,19 +310,22 @@ export function createNuxtApp (options: CreateOptions) {
     nuxtApp.payload.serverRendered = true
   }
 
-  // TODO: remove/refactor in https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/issues/25336
+  if (import.meta.client) {
-  if (import.meta.client && window.__NUXT__) {
+    const __NUXT__ = multiApp ? window.__NUXT__?.[nuxtApp._id] : window.__NUXT__
-    for (const key in window.__NUXT__) {
+    // TODO: remove/refactor in https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/issues/25336
-      switch (key) {
+    if (__NUXT__) {
-        case 'data':
+      for (const key in __NUXT__) {
-        case 'state':
+        switch (key) {
-        case '_errors':
+          case 'data':
-          // Preserve reactivity for non-rich payload support
+          case 'state':
-          Object.assign(nuxtApp.payload[key], window.__NUXT__[key])
+          case '_errors':
-          break
+            // Preserve reactivity for non-rich payload support
+            Object.assign(nuxtApp.payload[key], __NUXT__[key])
+            break
 
-        default:
+          default:
-          nuxtApp.payload[key] = window.__NUXT__[key]
+            nuxtApp.payload[key] = __NUXT__[key]
+        }
       }
     }
   }

packages/nuxt/src/app/plugins/dev-server-logs.ts

@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin(async (nuxtApp) => {
   }
 
   if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-    const content = document.getElementById('__NUXT_LOGS__')?.textContent
+    const nuxtLogsElement = document.querySelector(`[data-nuxt-logs="${nuxtApp._name}"]`)
+    const content = nuxtLogsElement?.textContent
     const logs = content ? parse(content, { ...devRevivers, ...nuxtApp._payloadRevivers }) as LogObject[] : []
     await nuxtApp.hooks.callHook('dev:ssr-logs', logs)
   }

packages/nuxt/src/app/types/augments.d.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ declare global {
   }
 
   interface Window {
-    __NUXT__?: Record<string, any>
+    __NUXT__?: Record<string, any> | Record<string, Record<string, any>>
     useNuxtApp?: typeof useNuxtApp
   }
 }
@@ -51,23 +51,3 @@ declare module 'vue' {
     head?(nuxtApp: NuxtApp): UseHeadInput
   }
 }
-
-declare module '@vue/runtime-core' {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
-  interface App<HostElement> {
-    $nuxt: NuxtApp
-  }
-  interface ComponentCustomProperties {
-    $nuxt: NuxtApp
-  }
-}
-
-declare module '@vue/runtime-dom' {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
-  interface App<HostElement> {
-    $nuxt: NuxtApp
-  }
-  interface ComponentCustomProperties {
-    $nuxt: NuxtApp
-  }
-}

packages/nuxt/src/components/templates.ts

@@ -128,14 +128,6 @@ interface _GlobalComponents {
   ${componentTypes.map(([pascalName, type]) => `    'LazyEvent${pascalName}': ${type} & DefineComponent<{hydrate?: Array<keyof HTMLElementEventMap>}>`).join('\n')}
 }
 
-declare module '@vue/runtime-core' {
-  export interface GlobalComponents extends _GlobalComponents { }
-}
-
-declare module '@vue/runtime-dom' {
-  export interface GlobalComponents extends _GlobalComponents { }
-}
-
 declare module 'vue' {
   export interface GlobalComponents extends _GlobalComponents { }
 }

packages/nuxt/src/core/nuxt.ts

@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ function createPortalProperties (sourceValue: any, options: NuxtOptions, paths:
 }
 
 const _getDefaultNuxtConfig = () => /* js */
-`// https://nuxt.com/docs/api/configuration/nuxt-config
+  `// https://nuxt.com/docs/api/configuration/nuxt-config
 export default defineNuxtConfig({
   devtools: { enabled: true }
 })

packages/nuxt/src/core/runtime/nitro/dev-server-logs.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import type { NitroApp } from 'nitro/types'
 
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
 import { rootDir } from '#internal/dev-server-logs-options'
+// @ts-expect-error virtual file
+import { appId } from '#internal/nuxt.config.mjs'
 
 const devReducers: Record<string, (data: any) => any> = {
   VNode: data => isVNode(data) ? { type: data.type, props: data.props } : undefined,
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ export default (nitroApp: NitroApp) => {
     const ctx = asyncContext.tryUse()
     if (!ctx) { return }
     try {
-      htmlContext.bodyAppend.unshift(`<script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_LOGS__">${stringify(ctx.logs, { ...devReducers, ...ctx.event.context._payloadReducers })}</script>`)
+      htmlContext.bodyAppend.unshift(`<script type="application/json" data-nuxt-logs="${appId}">${stringify(ctx.logs, { ...devReducers, ...ctx.event.context._payloadReducers })}</script>`)
     } catch (e) {
       const shortError = e instanceof Error && 'toString' in e ? ` Received \`${e.toString()}\`.` : ''
       console.warn(`[nuxt] Failed to stringify dev server logs.${shortError} You can define your own reducer/reviver for rich types following the instructions in https://nuxt.com/docs/api/composables/use-nuxt-app#payload.`)

packages/nuxt/src/core/runtime/nitro/renderer.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import { renderSSRHeadOptions } from '#internal/unhead.config.mjs'
 
 import type { NuxtPayload, NuxtSSRContext } from '#app'
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
-import { appHead, appRootAttrs, appRootTag, appTeleportAttrs, appTeleportTag, componentIslands } from '#internal/nuxt.config.mjs'
+import { appHead, appId, appRootAttrs, appRootTag, appTeleportAttrs, appTeleportTag, componentIslands, multiApp } from '#internal/nuxt.config.mjs'
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
 import { buildAssetsURL, publicAssetsURL } from '#internal/nuxt/paths'
 
@@ -427,10 +427,10 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
     head.push({
       script: _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION
         ? process.env.NUXT_JSON_PAYLOADS
-          ? renderPayloadJsonScript({ id: '__NUXT_DATA__', ssrContext, data: splitPayload(ssrContext).initial, src: payloadURL })
+          ? renderPayloadJsonScript({ ssrContext, data: splitPayload(ssrContext).initial, src: payloadURL })
           : renderPayloadScript({ ssrContext, data: splitPayload(ssrContext).initial, src: payloadURL })
         : process.env.NUXT_JSON_PAYLOADS
-          ? renderPayloadJsonScript({ id: '__NUXT_DATA__', ssrContext, data: ssrContext.payload })
+          ? renderPayloadJsonScript({ ssrContext, data: ssrContext.payload })
           : renderPayloadScript({ ssrContext, data: ssrContext.payload }),
     }, {
       ...headEntryOptions,
@@ -586,21 +586,27 @@ function renderPayloadResponse (ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext) {
   } satisfies RenderResponse
 }
 
-function renderPayloadJsonScript (opts: { id: string, ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext, data?: any, src?: string }): Script[] {
+function renderPayloadJsonScript (opts: { ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext, data?: any, src?: string }): Script[] {
   const contents = opts.data ? stringify(opts.data, opts.ssrContext._payloadReducers) : ''
   const payload: Script = {
     'type': 'application/json',
-    'id': opts.id,
     'innerHTML': contents,
+    'data-nuxt-data': appId,
     'data-ssr': !(process.env.NUXT_NO_SSR || opts.ssrContext.noSSR),
   }
+  if (!multiApp) {
+    payload.id = '__NUXT_DATA__'
+  }
   if (opts.src) {
     payload['data-src'] = opts.src
   }
+  const config = uneval(opts.ssrContext.config)
   return [
     payload,
     {
-      innerHTML: `window.__NUXT__={};window.__NUXT__.config=${uneval(opts.ssrContext.config)}`,
+      innerHTML: multiApp
+        ? `window.__NUXT__=window.__NUXT__||{};window.__NUXT__[${JSON.stringify(appId)}]={config:${config}}`
+        : `window.__NUXT__={};window.__NUXT__.config=${config}`,
     },
   ]
 }
@@ -608,17 +614,22 @@ function renderPayloadJsonScript (opts: { id: string, ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext
 function renderPayloadScript (opts: { ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext, data?: any, src?: string }): Script[] {
   opts.data.config = opts.ssrContext.config
   const _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION = import.meta.prerender && process.env.NUXT_PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION && !opts.ssrContext.noSSR
+  const nuxtData = devalue(opts.data)
   if (_PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION) {
+    const singleAppPayload = `import p from "${opts.src}";window.__NUXT__={...p,...(${nuxtData})}`
+    const multiAppPayload = `import p from "${opts.src}";window.__NUXT__=window.__NUXT__||{};window.__NUXT__[${JSON.stringify(appId)}]={...p,...(${nuxtData})}`
     return [
       {
         type: 'module',
-        innerHTML: `import p from "${opts.src}";window.__NUXT__={...p,...(${devalue(opts.data)})}`,
+        innerHTML: multiApp ? multiAppPayload : singleAppPayload,
       },
     ]
   }
+  const singleAppPayload = `window.__NUXT__=${nuxtData}`
+  const multiAppPayload = `window.__NUXT__=window.__NUXT__||{};window.__NUXT__[${JSON.stringify(appId)}]=${nuxtData}`
   return [
     {
-      innerHTML: `window.__NUXT__=${devalue(opts.data)}`,
+      innerHTML: multiApp ? multiAppPayload : singleAppPayload,
     },
   ]
 }

packages/nuxt/src/core/templates.ts

@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ export const serverPluginTemplate: NuxtTemplate = {
   },
 }
 
+const TS_RE = /\.[cm]?tsx?$/
+
 export const pluginsDeclaration: NuxtTemplate = {
   filename: 'types/plugins.d.ts',
   getContents: async ({ nuxt, app }) => {
@@ -124,9 +126,14 @@ export const pluginsDeclaration: NuxtTemplate = {
       }
 
       if (exists(pluginPath)) {
-        tsImports.push(relativePath.replace(EXTENSION_RE, ''))
+        if (TS_RE.test(pluginPath)) {
-        continue
+          tsImports.push(relativePath.replace(EXTENSION_RE, ''))
+          continue
+        }
+        tsImports.push(relativePath)
       }
+
+      // No declaration found that TypeScript can use
     }
 
     return `// Generated by Nuxt'
@@ -147,14 +154,6 @@ declare module '#app' {
   }
 }
 
-declare module '@vue/runtime-core' {
-  interface ComponentCustomProperties extends NuxtAppInjections { }
-}
-
-declare module '@vue/runtime-dom' {
-  interface ComponentCustomProperties extends NuxtAppInjections { }
-}
-
 declare module 'vue' {
   interface ComponentCustomProperties extends NuxtAppInjections { }
 }
@@ -350,9 +349,16 @@ declare module 'nitropack/types' {
 
 export const clientConfigTemplate: NuxtTemplate = {
   filename: 'nitro.client.mjs',
-  getContents: () => `
+  getContents: ({ nuxt }) => {
-export const useRuntimeConfig = () => window?.__NUXT__?.config || window?.useNuxtApp?.().payload?.config || {}
+    const appId = JSON.stringify(nuxt.options.appId)
-`,
+    return [
+      'export const useRuntimeConfig = () => ',
+      (!nuxt.options.future.multiApp
+        ? 'window?.__NUXT__?.config || window?.useNuxtApp?.().payload?.config'
+        : `window?.__NUXT__?.[${appId}]?.config || window?.useNuxtApp?.(${appId}).payload?.config`)
+        || {},
+    ].join('\n')
+  },
 }
 
 export const appConfigDeclarationTemplate: NuxtTemplate = {
@@ -497,6 +503,7 @@ export const nuxtConfigTemplate: NuxtTemplate = {
       `export const viewTransition = ${ctx.nuxt.options.experimental.viewTransition}`,
       `export const appId = ${JSON.stringify(ctx.nuxt.options.appId)}`,
       `export const outdatedBuildInterval = ${ctx.nuxt.options.experimental.checkOutdatedBuildInterval}`,
+      `export const multiApp = ${!!ctx.nuxt.options.future.multiApp}`,
     ].join('\n\n')
   },
 }

packages/schema/package.json

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@
     "@types/sass-loader": "8.0.9",
     "@unhead/schema": "1.9.16",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "5.1.2",
-    "@vitejs/plugin-vue-jsx": "4.0.0",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-vue-jsx": "4.0.1",
-    "@vue/compiler-core": "3.4.37",
+    "@vue/compiler-core": "3.4.38",
-    "@vue/compiler-sfc": "3.4.37",
+    "@vue/compiler-sfc": "3.4.38",
     "@vue/language-core": "2.0.29",
     "c12": "2.0.0-beta.1",
     "esbuild-loader": "4.2.2",
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@
     "unbuild": "3.0.0-rc.7",
     "unctx": "2.3.1",
     "unenv": "1.10.0",
-    "vite": "5.4.0",
+    "vite": "5.4.1",
-    "vue": "3.4.37",
+    "vue": "3.4.38",
     "vue-bundle-renderer": "2.1.0",
     "vue-loader": "17.4.2",
     "vue-router": "4.4.3",
     "webpack": "5.93.0",
-    "webpack-dev-middleware": "7.3.0"
+    "webpack-dev-middleware": "7.4.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "compatx": "^0.1.8",

packages/schema/src/config/common.ts

@@ -175,7 +175,29 @@ export default defineUntypedSchema({
    * ```
    */
   buildDir: {
-    $resolve: async (val: string | undefined, get): Promise<string> => resolve(await get('rootDir') as string, val || '.nuxt'),
+    $resolve: async (val: string | undefined, get): Promise<string> => {
+      const rootDir = await get('rootDir') as string
+
+      if (val) {
+        return resolve(rootDir, val)
+      }
+
+      const defaultBuildDir = resolve(rootDir, '.nuxt')
+
+      const isDev = await get('dev') as boolean
+      if (isDev) {
+        return defaultBuildDir
+      }
+
+      // TODO: nuxi CLI should ensure .nuxt dir exists
+      if (!existsSync(defaultBuildDir)) {
+        // This is to ensure that types continue to work for CI builds
+        return defaultBuildDir
+      }
+
+      // TODO: handle build caching + using buildId in directory
+      return resolve(rootDir, 'node_modules/.cache/nuxt/builds', 'production')
+    },
   },
 
   /**

packages/schema/src/config/experimental.ts

@@ -353,6 +353,10 @@ export default defineUntypedSchema({
       /** @type {typeof import('#app/components/nuxt-link')['NuxtLinkOptions']} */
       nuxtLink: {
         componentName: 'NuxtLink',
+        prefetch: true,
+        prefetchOn: {
+          visibility: true,
+        },
       },
       /**
        * Options that apply to `useAsyncData` (and also therefore `useFetch`)

packages/schema/src/config/typescript.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ export default defineUntypedSchema({
           'vue',
           '@vue/runtime-core',
           '@vue/compiler-sfc',
-          '@vue/runtime-dom',
           'vue-router',
           'vue-router/auto-routes',
           'unplugin-vue-router/client',

packages/ui-templates/package.json

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@types/html-minifier": "4.0.5",
-    "@unocss/reset": "0.62.1",
+    "@unocss/reset": "0.62.2",
     "critters": "0.0.24",
-    "execa": "9.3.0",
+    "execa": "9.3.1",
     "globby": "14.0.2",
     "html-minifier": "4.0.0",
     "html-validate": "8.21.0",
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     "pathe": "1.1.2",
     "prettier": "3.3.3",
     "scule": "1.3.0",
-    "unocss": "0.62.1",
+    "unocss": "0.62.2",
-    "vite": "5.4.0"
+    "vite": "5.4.1"
   }
 }

packages/vite/package.json

@@ -27,21 +27,21 @@
     "@nuxt/schema": "workspace:*",
     "@types/clear": "0.1.4",
     "@types/estree": "1.0.5",
-    "rollup": "4.20.0",
+    "rollup": "4.21.0",
     "unbuild": "3.0.0-rc.7",
-    "vue": "3.4.37"
+    "vue": "3.4.38"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@nuxt/kit": "workspace:*",
     "@rollup/plugin-replace": "^5.0.7",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "^5.1.2",
-    "@vitejs/plugin-vue-jsx": "^4.0.0",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-vue-jsx": "^4.0.1",
     "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20",
     "clear": "^0.1.0",
     "consola": "^3.2.3",
     "cssnano": "^7.0.5",
     "defu": "^6.1.4",
-    "esbuild": "^0.23.0",
+    "esbuild": "^0.23.1",
     "escape-string-regexp": "^5.0.0",
     "estree-walker": "^3.0.3",
     "externality": "^1.0.2",
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
     "strip-literal": "^2.1.0",
     "ufo": "^1.5.4",
     "unenv": "^1.10.0",
-    "unplugin": "^1.12.1",
+    "unplugin": "^1.12.2",
-    "vite": "^5.4.0",
+    "vite": "^5.4.1",
     "vite-node": "^2.0.5",
     "vite-plugin-checker": "^0.7.2",
     "vue-bundle-renderer": "^2.1.0"

packages/webpack/package.json

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     "lodash-es": "4.17.21",
     "magic-string": "^0.30.11",
     "memfs": "^4.11.1",
-    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^2.9.0",
+    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^2.9.1",
     "mlly": "^1.7.1",
     "ohash": "^1.1.3",
     "pathe": "^1.1.2",
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@
     "time-fix-plugin": "^2.0.7",
     "ufo": "^1.5.4",
     "unenv": "^1.10.0",
-    "unplugin": "^1.12.1",
+    "unplugin": "^1.12.2",
     "url-loader": "^4.1.1",
     "vue-bundle-renderer": "^2.1.0",
     "vue-loader": "^17.4.2",
     "webpack": "^5.93.0",
     "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^4.10.2",
-    "webpack-dev-middleware": "^7.3.0",
+    "webpack-dev-middleware": "^7.4.0",
     "webpack-hot-middleware": "^2.26.1",
     "webpack-virtual-modules": "^0.6.2",
     "webpackbar": "^6.0.1"
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@
     "@types/pify": "5.0.4",
     "@types/webpack-bundle-analyzer": "4.7.0",
     "@types/webpack-hot-middleware": "2.25.9",
-    "rollup": "4.20.0",
+    "rollup": "4.21.0",
     "unbuild": "3.0.0-rc.7",
-    "vue": "3.4.37"
+    "vue": "3.4.38"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "vue": "^3.3.4"

test/fixtures/basic-types/nuxt.config.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ export default defineNuxtConfig({
   future: {
     typescriptBundlerResolution: process.env.MODULE_RESOLUTION === 'bundler',
   },
-  buildDir: process.env.NITRO_BUILD_DIR,
   builder: process.env.TEST_BUILDER as 'webpack' | 'vite' ?? 'vite',
   theme: './extends/bar',
   extends: [

test/fixtures/basic/nuxt.config.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ export default defineNuxtConfig({
       include: ['keepalive-in-config', 'not-keepalive-in-nuxtpage'],
     },
   },
-  buildDir: process.env.NITRO_BUILD_DIR,
   builder: process.env.TEST_BUILDER as 'webpack' | 'vite' ?? 'vite',
   appId: 'nuxt-app-basic',
   build: {
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@ export default defineNuxtConfig({
       '/hydration/spa-redirection/**': { ssr: false },
       '/no-scripts': { experimentalNoScripts: true },
     },
-    output: { dir: process.env.NITRO_OUTPUT_DIR },
     prerender: {
       routes: [
         '/random/a',

test/hmr.test.ts

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ if (process.env.TEST_ENV !== 'built' && !isWindows) {
     setupTimeout: (isWindows ? 360 : 120) * 1000,
     nuxtConfig: {
       builder: isWebpack ? 'webpack' : 'vite',
-      buildDir: process.env.NITRO_BUILD_DIR,
-      nitro: { output: { dir: process.env.NITRO_OUTPUT_DIR } },
     },
   })
 

test/nuxt/components.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/// <reference path="../fixtures/basic/.nuxt/nuxt.d.ts" />
+
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { mountSuspended } from '@nuxt/test-utils/runtime'
+
+import { nuxtLinkDefaults } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
+
+describe('nuxt-link:prefetch', () => {
+  it('should prefetch on visibility by default', async () => {
+    const component = defineNuxtLink(nuxtLinkDefaults)
+
+    const { observer } = useMockObserver()
+
+    const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
+    nuxtApp.hooks.callHook = vi.fn(() => Promise.resolve())
+
+    await mountSuspended(component, { props: { to: '/to' } })
+
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    await observer.trigger()
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+    await observer.trigger()
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('should prefetch with custom string `prefetchOn`', async () => {
+    const component = defineNuxtLink(nuxtLinkDefaults)
+    const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
+    nuxtApp.hooks.callHook = vi.fn(() => Promise.resolve())
+
+    const { observer } = useMockObserver()
+    const wrapper = await mountSuspended(component, { props: { to: '/to', prefetchOn: 'interaction' } })
+
+    await observer.trigger()
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    await wrapper.find('a').trigger('focus')
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+    await wrapper.find('a').trigger('focus')
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+    await wrapper.find('a').trigger('pointerenter')
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('should prefetch with custom object `prefetchOn`', async () => {
+    const component = defineNuxtLink(nuxtLinkDefaults)
+    const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
+    nuxtApp.hooks.callHook = vi.fn(() => Promise.resolve())
+
+    const { observer } = useMockObserver()
+    await mountSuspended(component, { props: { to: '/to', prefetchOn: { interaction: true } } })
+
+    await observer.trigger()
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('should prefetch with custom object `prefetchOn` overriding default', async () => {
+    const component = defineNuxtLink(nuxtLinkDefaults)
+    const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
+    nuxtApp.hooks.callHook = vi.fn(() => Promise.resolve())
+
+    const { observer } = useMockObserver()
+    await mountSuspended(component, { props: { to: '/to', prefetchOn: { interaction: true, visibility: false } } })
+
+    await observer.trigger()
+    expect(nuxtApp.hooks.callHook).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+})
+
+function useMockObserver () {
+  let callback: (entries: Array<{ target: HTMLElement, isIntersecting: boolean }>) => unknown
+  let el: HTMLElement
+  const mockObserver = class IntersectionObserver {
+    el: HTMLElement
+    constructor (_callback?: (entries: Array<{ target: HTMLElement, isIntersecting: boolean }>) => unknown) {
+      callback ||= _callback
+    }
+
+    observe = (_el: HTMLElement) => { el = _el }
+
+    trigger = () => callback?.([{ target: el, isIntersecting: true }])
+    unobserve = () => {}
+    disconnect = () => {}
+  }
+
+  window.IntersectionObserver = mockObserver as any
+
+  const observer = new mockObserver()
+
+  return { observer }
+}

test/suspense.test.ts

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ await setup({
   setupTimeout: (isWindows ? 360 : 120) * 1000,
   nuxtConfig: {
     builder: isWebpack ? 'webpack' : 'vite',
-    buildDir: process.env.NITRO_BUILD_DIR,
-    nitro: { output: { dir: process.env.NITRO_OUTPUT_DIR } },
   },
 })
 

test/utils.ts

@@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ export function parseData (html: string) {
       attrs: {},
     }
   }
-  const { script, attrs = '' } = html.match(/<script type="application\/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__"(?<attrs>[^>]+)>(?<script>.*?)<\/script>/)?.groups || {}
+
+  const regexp = /<script type="application\/json" data-nuxt-data="[^"]+"(?<attrs>[^>]+)>(?<script>.*?)<\/script>/
+  const { script, attrs = '' } = html.match(regexp)?.groups || {}
   const _attrs: Record<string, string> = {}
   for (const attr of attrs.matchAll(/( |^)(?<key>[\w-]+)="(?<value>[^"]+)"/g)) {
     _attrs[attr!.groups!.key!] = attr!.groups!.value!