fix(nuxt): inline css directly in root component (#21573)

packages/nuxt/src/core/runtime/nitro/renderer.ts

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ const getClientManifest: () => Promise<Manifest> = () => import('#build/dist/ser
   .then(r => r.default || r)
   .then(r => typeof r === 'function' ? r() : r) as Promise<ClientManifest>
 
+const getEntryId: () => Promise<string> = () => getClientManifest().then(r => Object.values(r).find(r => r.isEntry)!.src!)
+
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
 const getStaticRenderedHead = (): Promise<NuxtMeta> => import('#head-static').then(r => r.default || r)
 
@@ -283,6 +285,15 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
   // Render meta
   const renderedMeta = await ssrContext.renderMeta?.() ?? {}
 
+  if (process.env.NUXT_INLINE_STYLES && !islandContext) {
+    const entryId = await getEntryId()
+    if (ssrContext.modules) {
+      ssrContext.modules.add(entryId)
+    } else if (ssrContext._registeredComponents) {
+      ssrContext._registeredComponents.add(entryId)
+    }
+  }
+
   // Render inline styles
   const inlinedStyles = (process.env.NUXT_INLINE_STYLES || Boolean(islandContext))
     ? await renderInlineStyles(ssrContext.modules ?? ssrContext._registeredComponents ?? [])

packages/vite/src/plugins/paths.ts

@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@ import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url'
 import MagicString from 'magic-string'
 import { parseQuery, parseURL } from 'ufo'
 import type { Plugin } from 'vite'
+import { isCSS } from '../utils'
 
 export interface RuntimePathsOptions {
   sourcemap?: boolean
 }
 
 const VITE_ASSET_RE = /__VITE_ASSET__|__VITE_PUBLIC_ASSET__/
-const CSS_RE =
-  /\.(css|less|sass|scss|styl|stylus|pcss|postcss|sss)$/
 
 export function runtimePathsPlugin (options: RuntimePathsOptions): Plugin {
   return {
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ export function runtimePathsPlugin (options: RuntimePathsOptions): Plugin {
       const { pathname, search } = parseURL(decodeURIComponent(pathToFileURL(id).href))
 
       // skip import into css files
-      if (CSS_RE.test(pathname)) { return }
+      if (isCSS(pathname)) { return }
 
       // skip import into <style> vue files
       if (pathname.endsWith('.vue')) {

packages/vite/src/plugins/ssr-styles.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url'
 import type { Plugin } from 'vite'
-import { findStaticImports } from 'mlly'
 import { dirname, relative } from 'pathe'
-import { genObjectFromRawEntries } from 'knitwork'
+import { genImport, genObjectFromRawEntries } from 'knitwork'
 import { filename } from 'pathe/utils'
 import { parseQuery, parseURL } from 'ufo'
 import type { Component } from '@nuxt/schema'
+import MagicString from 'magic-string'
+import { findStaticImports } from 'mlly'
+
+import { isCSS } from '../utils'
 
 interface SSRStylePluginOptions {
   srcDir: string
   chunksWithInlinedCSS: Set<string>
   shouldInline?: ((id?: string) => boolean) | boolean
   components: Component[]
+  clientCSSMap: Record<string, Set<string>>
+  entry: string
+  globalCSS: string[]
+  mode: 'server' | 'client'
 }
 
 const SUPPORTED_FILES_RE = /\.(vue|((c|m)?j|t)sx?)$/
@@ -33,10 +40,17 @@ export function ssrStylesPlugin (options: SSRStylePluginOptions): Plugin {
     name: 'ssr-styles',
     resolveId: {
       order: 'pre',
-      async handler (id, importer, options) {
+      async handler (id, importer, _options) {
-        if (!id.endsWith('.vue')) { return }
+        // We deliberately prevent importing `#build/css` to avoid including it in the client bundle
+        // in its entirety. We will instead include _just_ the styles that can't be inlined,
+        // in the <NuxtRoot> component below
+        if (options.mode === 'client' && id === '#build/css' && (options.shouldInline === true || (typeof options.shouldInline === 'function' && options.shouldInline(importer)))) {
+          return this.resolve('unenv/runtime/mock/empty', importer, _options)
+        }
 
-        const res = await this.resolve(id, importer, { ...options, skipSelf: true })
+        if (options.mode === 'client' || !id.endsWith('.vue')) { return }
+
+        const res = await this.resolve(id, importer, { ..._options, skipSelf: true })
         if (res) {
           return {
             ...res,
@@ -46,6 +60,8 @@ export function ssrStylesPlugin (options: SSRStylePluginOptions): Plugin {
       }
     },
     generateBundle (outputOptions) {
+      if (options.mode === 'client') { return }
+
       const emitted: Record<string, string> = {}
       for (const file in cssMap) {
         const { files, inBundle } = cssMap[file]
@@ -75,6 +91,8 @@ export function ssrStylesPlugin (options: SSRStylePluginOptions): Plugin {
         options.chunksWithInlinedCSS.add(key)
       }
 
+      // TODO: remove css from vite preload arrays
+
       this.emitFile({
         type: 'asset',
         fileName: 'styles.mjs',
@@ -89,6 +107,19 @@ export function ssrStylesPlugin (options: SSRStylePluginOptions): Plugin {
     },
     renderChunk (_code, chunk) {
       if (!chunk.facadeModuleId) { return null }
+
+      // 'Teleport' CSS chunks that made it into the bundle on the client side
+      // to be inlined on server rendering
+      if (options.mode === 'client') {
+        options.clientCSSMap[chunk.facadeModuleId] ||= new Set()
+        for (const id of chunk.moduleIds) {
+          if (isCSS(id)) {
+            options.clientCSSMap[chunk.facadeModuleId].add(id)
+          }
+        }
+        return
+      }
+
       const id = relativeToSrcDir(chunk.facadeModuleId)
       for (const file in chunk.modules) {
         const relativePath = relativeToSrcDir(file)
@@ -100,10 +131,41 @@ export function ssrStylesPlugin (options: SSRStylePluginOptions): Plugin {
       return null
     },
     async transform (code, id) {
-      const { pathname, search } = parseURL(decodeURIComponent(pathToFileURL(id).href))
+      if (options.mode === 'client') {
-      const query = parseQuery(search)
+        // We will either teleport global CSS to the 'entry' chunk on the server side
+        // or include it here in the client build so it is emitted in the CSS.
+        if (id === options.entry && (options.shouldInline === true || (typeof options.shouldInline === 'function' && options.shouldInline(id)))) {
+          const s = new MagicString(code)
+          options.clientCSSMap[id] ||= new Set()
+          for (const file of options.globalCSS) {
+            const resolved = await this.resolve(file, id)
+            const res = await this.resolve(file + '?inline&used', id)
+            if (!resolved || !res) {
+              if (!warnCache.has(file)) {
+                warnCache.add(file)
+                this.warn(`[nuxt] Cannot extract styles for \`${file}\`. Its styles will not be inlined when server-rendering.`)
+              }
+              s.prepend(`${genImport(file)}\n`)
+              continue
+            }
+            options.clientCSSMap[id].add(resolved.id)
+          }
+          if (s.hasChanged()) {
+            return {
+              code: s.toString(),
+              map: s.generateMap({ hires: true })
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return
+      }
 
-      if (!SUPPORTED_FILES_RE.test(pathname) || query.macro || query.nuxt_component) { return }
+      const { pathname, search } = parseURL(decodeURIComponent(pathToFileURL(id).href))
+
+      if (!(id in options.clientCSSMap) && !islands.some(c => c.filePath === pathname)) { return }
+
+      const query = parseQuery(search)
+      if (query.macro || query.nuxt_component) { return }
 
       if (!islands.some(c => c.filePath === pathname)) {
         if (options.shouldInline === false || (typeof options.shouldInline === 'function' && !options.shouldInline(id))) { return }
@@ -112,7 +174,32 @@ export function ssrStylesPlugin (options: SSRStylePluginOptions): Plugin {
       const relativeId = relativeToSrcDir(id)
       cssMap[relativeId] = cssMap[relativeId] || { files: [] }
 
+      const emittedIds = new Set<string>()
+
       let styleCtr = 0
+      const ids = options.clientCSSMap[id] || []
+      for (const file of ids) {
+        const resolved = await this.resolve(file, id)
+        if (!resolved || !(await this.resolve(file + '?inline&used', id))) {
+          if (!warnCache.has(file)) {
+            warnCache.add(file)
+            this.warn(`[nuxt] Cannot extract styles for \`${file}\`. Its styles will not be inlined when server-rendering.`)
+          }
+          continue
+        }
+        if (emittedIds.has(file)) { continue }
+        const ref = this.emitFile({
+          type: 'chunk',
+          name: `${filename(id)}-styles-${++styleCtr}.mjs`,
+          id: file + '?inline&used'
+        })
+
+        idRefMap[relativeToSrcDir(file)] = ref
+        cssMap[relativeId].files.push(ref)
+      }
+
+      if (!SUPPORTED_FILES_RE.test(pathname)) { return }
+
       for (const i of findStaticImports(code)) {
         const { type } = parseQuery(i.specifier)
         if (type !== 'style' && !i.specifier.endsWith('.css')) { continue }
@@ -127,6 +214,7 @@ export function ssrStylesPlugin (options: SSRStylePluginOptions): Plugin {
           continue
         }
 
+        if (emittedIds.has(resolved.id)) { continue }
         const ref = this.emitFile({
           type: 'chunk',
           name: `${filename(id)}-styles-${++styleCtr}.mjs`,

packages/vite/src/server.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import type { ViteConfig } from '@nuxt/schema'
 import type { ViteBuildContext } from './vite'
 import { createViteLogger } from './utils/logger'
 import { initViteNodeServer } from './vite-node'
-import { ssrStylesPlugin } from './plugins/ssr-styles'
 import { pureAnnotationsPlugin } from './plugins/pure-annotations'
 import { writeManifest } from './manifest'
 import { transpile } from './utils/transpile'
@@ -120,27 +119,6 @@ export async function buildServer (ctx: ViteBuildContext) {
 
   serverConfig.customLogger = createViteLogger(serverConfig)
 
-  if (!ctx.nuxt.options.dev) {
-    const chunksWithInlinedCSS = new Set<string>()
-    serverConfig.plugins!.push(ssrStylesPlugin({
-      srcDir: ctx.nuxt.options.srcDir,
-      chunksWithInlinedCSS,
-      shouldInline: ctx.nuxt.options.experimental.inlineSSRStyles,
-      components: ctx.nuxt.apps.default.components
-    }))
-
-    // Remove CSS entries for files that will have inlined styles
-    ctx.nuxt.hook('build:manifest', (manifest) => {
-      for (const key in manifest) {
-        const entry = manifest[key]
-        const shouldRemoveCSS = chunksWithInlinedCSS.has(key)
-        if (shouldRemoveCSS) {
-          entry.css = []
-        }
-      }
-    })
-  }
-
   await ctx.nuxt.callHook('vite:extendConfig', serverConfig, { isClient: false, isServer: true })
 
   serverConfig.plugins!.unshift(

packages/vite/src/vite.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { warmupViteServer } from './utils/warmup'
 import { resolveCSSOptions } from './css'
 import { composableKeysPlugin } from './plugins/composable-keys'
 import { logLevelMap } from './utils/logger'
+import { ssrStylesPlugin } from './plugins/ssr-styles'
 
 export interface ViteBuildContext {
   nuxt: Nuxt
@@ -143,6 +144,35 @@ export async function bundle (nuxt: Nuxt) {
 
   await nuxt.callHook('vite:extend', ctx)
 
+  if (!ctx.nuxt.options.dev) {
+    const chunksWithInlinedCSS = new Set<string>()
+    const clientCSSMap = {}
+
+    nuxt.hook('vite:extendConfig', (config, { isServer }) => {
+      config.plugins!.push(ssrStylesPlugin({
+        srcDir: ctx.nuxt.options.srcDir,
+        clientCSSMap,
+        chunksWithInlinedCSS,
+        shouldInline: ctx.nuxt.options.experimental.inlineSSRStyles,
+        components: ctx.nuxt.apps.default.components,
+        globalCSS: ctx.nuxt.options.css,
+        mode: isServer ? 'server' : 'client',
+        entry: ctx.entry
+      }))
+    })
+
+    // Remove CSS entries for files that will have inlined styles
+    ctx.nuxt.hook('build:manifest', (manifest) => {
+      for (const key in manifest) {
+        const entry = manifest[key]
+        const shouldRemoveCSS = chunksWithInlinedCSS.has(key) && !entry.isEntry
+        if (shouldRemoveCSS && entry.css) {
+          entry.css = []
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
   nuxt.hook('vite:serverCreated', (server: vite.ViteDevServer, env) => {
     // Invalidate virtual modules when templates are re-generated
     ctx.nuxt.hook('app:templatesGenerated', () => {

test/basic.test.ts

@@ -1168,17 +1168,47 @@ describe('automatically keyed composables', () => {
 })
 
 describe.skipIf(isDev() || isWebpack)('inlining component styles', () => {
+  const inlinedCSS = [
+    '{--plugin:"plugin"}', // CSS imported ambiently in JS/TS
+    '{--global:"global";', // global css from nuxt.config
+    '{--assets:"assets"}', // <script>
+    '{--postcss:"postcss"}', // <style lang=postcss>
+    '{--scoped:"scoped"}' // <style lang=css>
+    // TODO: ideally both client/server components would have inlined css when used
+    // '{--client-only:"client-only"}', // client-only component not in server build
+    // '{--server-only:"server-only"}' // server-only component not in client build
+    // TODO: currently functional component not associated with ssrContext (upstream bug or perf optimization?)
+    // '{--functional:"functional"}', // CSS imported ambiently in a functional component
+  ]
+
   it('should inline styles', async () => {
     const html = await $fetch('/styles')
-    for (const style of [
+    for (const style of inlinedCSS) {
-      '{--assets:"assets"}', // <script>
-      '{--scoped:"scoped"}', // <style lang=css>
-      '{--postcss:"postcss"}' // <style lang=postcss>
-    ]) {
       expect(html).toContain(style)
     }
   })
 
+  it('should not include inlined CSS in generated CSS file', async () => {
+    const html: string = await $fetch('/styles')
+    const cssFiles = new Set([...html.matchAll(/<link [^>]*href="([^"]*\.css)">/g)].map(m => m[1]))
+    let css = ''
+    for (const file of cssFiles || []) {
+      css += await $fetch(file)
+    }
+
+    // should not include inlined CSS in generated CSS files
+    for (const style of inlinedCSS) {
+      // TODO: remove 'ambient global' CSS from generated CSS file
+      if (style === '{--plugin:"plugin"}') { continue }
+      expect.soft(css).not.toContain(style)
+    }
+
+    // should include unloadable CSS in generated CSS file
+    expect.soft(css).toContain('--virtual:red')
+    expect.soft(css).toContain('--functional:"functional"')
+    expect.soft(css).toContain('--client-only:"client-only"')
+  })
+
   it('does not load stylesheet for page styles', async () => {
     const html: string = await $fetch('/styles')
     expect(html.match(/<link [^>]*href="[^"]*\.css">/g)?.filter(m => m.includes('entry'))?.map(m => m.replace(/\.[^.]*\.css/, '.css'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
@@ -1468,15 +1498,10 @@ describe('component islands', () => {
         link.key = link.key.replace(/-[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/, '')
       }
     }
-    result.head.style = result.head.style.map(s => ({
-      ...s,
-      innerHTML: (s.innerHTML || '').replace(/data-v-[a-z0-9]+/, 'data-v-xxxxx'),
-      key: s.key.replace(/-[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/, '')
-    }))
 
     // TODO: fix rendering of styles in webpack
     if (!isDev() && !isWebpack) {
-      expect(result.head).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      expect(normaliseIslandResult(result).head).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
         {
           "link": [],
           "style": [
@@ -1676,3 +1701,17 @@ describe.runIf(isDev())('component testing', () => {
     expect(comp2).toContain('12 x 4 = 48')
   })
 })
+
+function normaliseIslandResult (result: NuxtIslandResponse) {
+  return {
+    ...result,
+    head: {
+      ...result.head,
+      style: result.head.style.map(s => ({
+        ...s,
+        innerHTML: (s.innerHTML || '').replace(/data-v-[a-z0-9]+/, 'data-v-xxxxx').replace(/\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.svg/, '.svg'),
+        key: s.key.replace(/-[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/, '')
+      }))
+    }
+  }
+}

test/bundle.test.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ describe.skipIf(process.env.SKIP_BUNDLE_SIZE === 'true' || process.env.ECOSYSTEM
 
   it('default client bundle size', async () => {
     stats.client = await analyzeSizes('**/*.js', publicDir)
-    expect(roundToKilobytes(stats.client.totalBytes)).toMatchInlineSnapshot('"96.7k"')
+    expect.soft(roundToKilobytes(stats.client.totalBytes)).toMatchInlineSnapshot('"96.7k"')
     expect(stats.client.files.map(f => f.replace(/\..*\.js/, '.js'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       [
         "_nuxt/entry.js",
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ describe.skipIf(process.env.SKIP_BUNDLE_SIZE === 'true' || process.env.ECOSYSTEM
 
   it('default server bundle size', async () => {
     stats.server = await analyzeSizes(['**/*.mjs', '!node_modules'], serverDir)
-    expect(roundToKilobytes(stats.server.totalBytes)).toMatchInlineSnapshot('"61.0k"')
+    expect.soft(roundToKilobytes(stats.server.totalBytes)).toMatchInlineSnapshot('"61.3k"')
 
     const modules = await analyzeSizes('node_modules/**/*', serverDir)
-    expect(roundToKilobytes(modules.totalBytes)).toMatchInlineSnapshot('"2295k"')
+    expect.soft(roundToKilobytes(modules.totalBytes)).toMatchInlineSnapshot('"2295k"')
 
     const packages = modules.files
       .filter(m => m.endsWith('package.json'))

test/fixtures/basic/components/ServerOnlyComponent.server.vue

@@ -3,3 +3,9 @@
     server-only component
   </div>
 </template>
+
+<style>
+:root {
+  --server-only: 'server-only';
+}
+</style>

test/fixtures/basic/pages/styles.vue

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   <div>
     <ClientOnlyScript />
     <FunctionalComponent />
+    <ServerOnlyComponent />
   </div>
 </template>