diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index e5ca91dd4d..2a6f815dc6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: yarn --immutable
 
-      - name: Stub
-        run: yarn stub
+      - name: Build
+        run: yarn build
 
       - name: Test (unit)
         run: yarn test:unit
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies (bridge fixture)
         run: yarn --immutable && cd test/fixtures/bridge && yarn --immutable
 
-      - name: Stub
-        run: yarn stub
+      - name: Build
+        run: yarn build
 
       - name: Test (presets bridge)
         run: yarn test:bridge
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 854438c5ba..734e54643c 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "nuxt-framework",
   "license": "MIT",
+  "type": "module",
   "workspaces": [
     "packages/*",
     "examples/*",
diff --git a/packages/bridge/build.config.ts b/packages/bridge/build.config.ts
index b44fdee12e..62d4ea5999 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/build.config.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/build.config.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { defineBuildConfig } from 'unbuild'
 
 export default defineBuildConfig({
+  emitCJS: false,
   entries: [
     'src/module',
     { input: 'src/runtime/', outDir: 'dist/runtime', format: 'esm' }
diff --git a/packages/bridge/module.cjs b/packages/bridge/module.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4aeb7eb3b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/bridge/module.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// CommonJS proxy to bypass jiti transforms from nuxt 2
+module.exports = function (...args) {
+  return import('./dist/module.mjs').then(m => m.default.call(this, ...args))
+}
diff --git a/packages/bridge/package.json b/packages/bridge/package.json
index 2558ed662e..8d1eaf47f6 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/package.json
+++ b/packages/bridge/package.json
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
   "version": "0.0.0",
   "repository": "nuxt/framework",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "main": "./dist/module.cjs",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": "./module.cjs",
   "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
   "files": [
+    "module.cjs",
     "dist"
   ],
   "scripts": {
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@
     "estree-walker": "^2.0.2",
     "fs-extra": "^10.0.0",
     "magic-string": "^0.25.7",
+    "mlly": "^0.2.2",
     "node-fetch": "^3.0.0",
     "nuxi": "^0.10.0",
     "nuxt-swc": "^0.1.0",
diff --git a/packages/bridge/src/async-loading.ts b/packages/bridge/src/async-loading.ts
index 270a9ce1b3..2366baa6b9 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/src/async-loading.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/src/async-loading.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
 // Based on https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/v4.46.0/lib/node/NodeMainTemplatePlugin.js#L81-L191
 
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
 import type { Compiler } from 'webpack'
-
 export class AsyncLoadingPlugin {
+  private opts: any
+  private Template: any
+  constructor (opts) {
+    this.opts = opts
+    const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
+    const TemplatePath = _require.resolve('webpack/lib/Template', { paths: [...this.opts.modulesDir] })
+    this.Template = _require(TemplatePath)
+  }
+
   apply (compiler: Compiler) {
-    const Template = require('webpack/lib/Template')
     compiler.hooks.compilation.tap('AsyncLoading', (compilation) => {
       const mainTemplate = compilation.mainTemplate
       mainTemplate.hooks.requireEnsure.tap(
         'AsyncLoading',
         (_source, chunk, hash) => {
+          const Template = this.Template
           const chunkFilename = mainTemplate.outputOptions.chunkFilename
           const chunkMaps = chunk.getChunkMaps()
           const insertMoreModules = [
diff --git a/packages/bridge/src/capi.ts b/packages/bridge/src/capi.ts
index 00b31bc69c..5442c94dd7 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/src/capi.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/src/capi.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
 import { useNuxt, addPlugin, addPluginTemplate, addVitePlugin, addWebpackPlugin } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-
 import { distDir } from './dirs'
 import { KeyPlugin } from './capi-legacy-key-plugin'
 
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ export function setupCAPIBridge (_options: any) {
   }
 
   // Add composition-api support
-  const vueCapiEntry = require.resolve('@vue/composition-api/dist/vue-composition-api.mjs')
+  const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
+  const vueCapiEntry = _require.resolve('@vue/composition-api/dist/vue-composition-api.mjs')
   nuxt.options.alias['@vue/composition-api/dist/vue-composition-api.common.js'] = vueCapiEntry
   nuxt.options.alias['@vue/composition-api/dist/vue-composition-api.common.prod.js'] = vueCapiEntry
   nuxt.options.alias['@vue/composition-api/dist/vue-composition-api.esm.js'] = vueCapiEntry
diff --git a/packages/bridge/src/dirs.ts b/packages/bridge/src/dirs.ts
index 216d6beb10..af0ffb33a2 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/src/dirs.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/src/dirs.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { resolve } from 'pathe'
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'
+import { dirname, resolve } from 'pathe'
 
-export const distDir = __dirname
+export const distDir = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))
 export const pkgDir = resolve(distDir, '..')
diff --git a/packages/bridge/src/module.ts b/packages/bridge/src/module.ts
index 51c9465028..5485075e3e 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/src/module.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/src/module.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
 import { defineNuxtModule, installModule } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { setupNitroBridge } from './nitro'
 import { setupAppBridge } from './app'
@@ -30,14 +31,15 @@ export default defineNuxtModule({
       }
       await setupCAPIBridge(opts.capi)
     }
+    const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
     if (opts.vite) {
-      await installModule(nuxt, require.resolve('nuxt-vite'))
+      await installModule(nuxt, _require.resolve('nuxt-vite'))
     }
     if (opts.postcss8) {
-      await installModule(nuxt, require.resolve('@nuxt/postcss8'))
+      await installModule(nuxt, _require.resolve('@nuxt/postcss8'))
     }
     if (opts.swc) {
-      await installModule(nuxt, require.resolve('nuxt-swc'))
+      await installModule(nuxt, _require.resolve('nuxt-swc'))
     }
     if (opts.resolve) {
       setupBetterResolve()
diff --git a/packages/bridge/src/nitro.ts b/packages/bridge/src/nitro.ts
index f18846bc53..a018ea2f2f 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/src/nitro.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/src/nitro.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+import { promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import fetch from 'node-fetch'
 import { addPluginTemplate, useNuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { stringifyQuery } from 'ufo'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-import { readFile, writeFile } from 'fs-extra'
 import { build, generate, prepare, getNitroContext, NitroContext, createDevServer, wpfs, resolveMiddleware } from '@nuxt/nitro'
 import { AsyncLoadingPlugin } from './async-loading'
 import { distDir } from './dirs'
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ export function setupNitroBridge () {
     const serverConfig = webpackConfigs.find(config => config.name === 'server')
     if (serverConfig) {
       serverConfig.plugins = serverConfig.plugins || []
-      serverConfig.plugins.push(new AsyncLoadingPlugin())
+      serverConfig.plugins.push(new AsyncLoadingPlugin({
+        modulesDir: nuxt.options.modulesDir
+      }))
     }
   })
 
@@ -98,11 +100,11 @@ export function setupNitroBridge () {
   nuxt.hook('build:compiled', async ({ name }) => {
     if (name === 'server') {
       const jsServerEntry = resolve(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'dist/server/server.js')
-      await writeFile(jsServerEntry.replace(/.js$/, '.cjs'), 'module.exports = require("./server.js")', 'utf8')
-      await writeFile(jsServerEntry.replace(/.js$/, '.mjs'), 'export { default } from "./server.cjs"', 'utf8')
+      await fsp.writeFile(jsServerEntry.replace(/.js$/, '.cjs'), 'module.exports = require("./server.js")', 'utf8')
+      await fsp.writeFile(jsServerEntry.replace(/.js$/, '.mjs'), 'export { default } from "./server.cjs"', 'utf8')
     } else if (name === 'client') {
-      const manifest = await readFile(resolve(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'dist/server/client.manifest.json'), 'utf8')
-      await writeFile(resolve(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'dist/server/client.manifest.mjs'), 'export default ' + manifest, 'utf8')
+      const manifest = await fsp.readFile(resolve(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'dist/server/client.manifest.json'), 'utf8')
+      await fsp.writeFile(resolve(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'dist/server/client.manifest.mjs'), 'export default ' + manifest, 'utf8')
     }
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/bridge/src/resolve.ts b/packages/bridge/src/resolve.ts
index 416dbc3283..3e0bfa82af 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/src/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/src/resolve.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 import fs from 'fs'
 import { promisify } from 'util'
 import defu from 'defu'
-
-import { CachedInputFileSystem, ResolveContext, ResolverFactory } from 'enhanced-resolve'
+import enhancedResolve from 'enhanced-resolve'
 import { ResolveOptions } from 'webpack/types'
 import { extendWebpackConfig, useNuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
 
-type UserResolveOptions = Parameters<typeof ResolverFactory['createResolver']>[0]
-type ResolverOptions = Omit<UserResolveOptions, 'fileSystem'> & { fileSystem?: CachedInputFileSystem }
+type UserResolveOptions = Parameters<typeof enhancedResolve.ResolverFactory['createResolver']>[0]
+type ResolverOptions = Omit<UserResolveOptions, 'fileSystem'> & { fileSystem?: enhancedResolve.CachedInputFileSystem }
 
 const DEFAULTS: UserResolveOptions = {
-  fileSystem: new CachedInputFileSystem(fs, 4000),
+  fileSystem: new enhancedResolve.CachedInputFileSystem(fs, 4000),
   extensions: ['.ts', '.mjs', '.cjs', '.js', '.json'],
   mainFields: ['module', 'main']
 }
@@ -18,11 +17,11 @@ const DEFAULTS: UserResolveOptions = {
 // Abstracted resolver factory which can be used in rollup, webpack, etc.
 const createResolver = (resolveOptions: ResolverOptions) => {
   const options = defu(resolveOptions, DEFAULTS) as UserResolveOptions
-  const resolver = ResolverFactory.createResolver(options)
+  const resolver = enhancedResolve.ResolverFactory.createResolver(options)
 
   const root = options.roots?.[0] || '.'
 
-  const promisifiedResolve = promisify(resolver.resolve.bind(resolver)) as (context: object, path: string, request: string, resolveContext: ResolveContext) => Promise<string | false>
+  const promisifiedResolve = promisify(resolver.resolve.bind(resolver)) as (context: object, path: string, request: string, resolveContext: enhancedResolve.ResolveContext) => Promise<string | false>
 
   const resolve = (id: string, importer?: string) => promisifiedResolve({}, importer || root, id, {})
 
diff --git a/packages/kit/build.config.ts b/packages/kit/build.config.ts
index 74c2c95201..b99b113f5c 100644
--- a/packages/kit/build.config.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/build.config.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { defineBuildConfig } from 'unbuild'
 
 export default defineBuildConfig({
   declaration: true,
+  emitCJS: false,
   entries: [
     {
       input: 'src/config/schema/index',
diff --git a/packages/kit/package.json b/packages/kit/package.json
index 3a998e0a75..bdde8b88f9 100644
--- a/packages/kit/package.json
+++ b/packages/kit/package.json
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
   "version": "0.10.0",
   "repository": "nuxt/framework",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": "./dist/index.mjs",
   "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
   "files": [
     "dist",
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@
     "prepack": "unbuild"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/lodash": "^4.14.175",
+    "@types/lodash.template": "^4",
     "unbuild": "latest"
   },
   "dependencies": {
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@
     "hash-sum": "^2.0.0",
     "hookable": "^5.0.0",
     "jiti": "^1.12.6",
-    "lodash": "^4.17.21",
+    "lodash.template": "^4.5.0",
     "pathe": "^0.2.0",
     "rc9": "^1.2.0",
     "scule": "^0.2.1",
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/config/env.ts b/packages/kit/src/config/env.ts
index f2ad896f89..1a6497cdd9 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/config/env.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/config/env.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { existsSync, promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-import dotenv from 'dotenv'
+import { parse as parseDotEnv } from 'dotenv'
 import { LoadNuxtConfigOptions } from './load'
 
 export interface LoadDotEnvOptions {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export async function loadDotenv (opts: LoadDotEnvOptions) {
   const dotenvFile = resolve(opts.rootDir, opts.dotenvFile)
 
   if (existsSync(dotenvFile)) {
-    const parsed = dotenv.parse(await fsp.readFile(dotenvFile, 'utf-8'))
+    const parsed = parseDotEnv(await fsp.readFile(dotenvFile, 'utf-8'))
     Object.assign(env, parsed)
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/config/schema/_common.ts b/packages/kit/src/config/schema/_common.ts
index 7aff91a0c3..1f9982034d 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/config/schema/_common.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/config/schema/_common.ts
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ export default {
    * @example
    * ```js
    * import fs from 'fs'
-   * import path from 'pathe'
+   * import path from 'path'
    * export default {
    *   hooks: {
    *     build: {
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/module/container.ts b/packages/kit/src/module/container.ts
index 3fed5b03b2..b6ae21ff2e 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/module/container.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/module/container.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import path from 'pathe'
+import { parse, relative } from 'pathe'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import type { Nuxt, NuxtPluginTemplate, NuxtTemplate } from '../types/nuxt'
 import { chainFn } from '../utils/task'
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ export function createModuleContainer (nuxt: Nuxt) {
     /** Register a custom layout. If its name is 'error' it will override the default error layout. */
     addLayout (tmpl: NuxtTemplate, name: string) {
       const { filename, src } = addTemplate(tmpl)
-      const layoutName = name || path.parse(src).name
+      const layoutName = name || parse(src).name
       const layout = nuxt.options.layouts[layoutName]
 
       if (layout) {
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export function createModuleContainer (nuxt: Nuxt) {
      * @param dst - Path to layout file within the buildDir (`.nuxt/<dst>.vue`)
      */
     addErrorLayout (dst: string) {
-      const relativeBuildDir = path.relative(nuxt.options.rootDir, nuxt.options.buildDir)
+      const relativeBuildDir = relative(nuxt.options.rootDir, nuxt.options.buildDir)
       nuxt.options.ErrorPage = `~/${relativeBuildDir}/${dst}`
     },
 
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/module/utils.ts b/packages/kit/src/module/utils.ts
index 03fc82bd22..147abb7096 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/module/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/module/utils.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { existsSync, promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { basename, extname, parse, resolve } from 'pathe'
-import lodashTemplate from 'lodash/template'
+import lodashTemplate from 'lodash.template'
 import hash from 'hash-sum'
 import type { WebpackPluginInstance, Configuration as WebpackConfig } from 'webpack'
 import type { Plugin as VitePlugin, UserConfig as ViteConfig } from 'vite'
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/nuxt.ts b/packages/kit/src/nuxt.ts
index 1079d11d47..e36db067eb 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/nuxt.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/nuxt.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { getContext } from 'unctx'
-import { requireModule, tryRequireModule, tryResolveModule } from './utils/cjs'
+import { importModule, tryImportModule, tryResolveModule } from './utils/cjs'
 import type { Nuxt } from './types/nuxt'
 import type { NuxtConfig } from './types/config'
 import type { LoadNuxtConfigOptions } from './config/load'
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ export async function loadNuxt (opts: LoadNuxtOptions): Promise<Nuxt> {
 
   // Nuxt 3
   if (opts.version !== 2) {
-    const { loadNuxt } = requireModule('nuxt3', resolveOpts)
+    const { loadNuxt } = await importModule('nuxt3', resolveOpts)
     const nuxt = await loadNuxt(opts)
     return nuxt
   }
 
   // Nuxt 2
   // @ts-ignore
-  const { loadNuxt } = tryRequireModule('nuxt-edge', resolveOpts) || requireModule('nuxt', resolveOpts)
+  const { loadNuxt } = await tryImportModule('nuxt-edge', resolveOpts) || await importModule('nuxt', resolveOpts)
   const nuxt = await loadNuxt({
     rootDir: opts.rootDir,
     for: opts.dev ? 'dev' : 'build',
@@ -68,17 +68,17 @@ export async function loadNuxt (opts: LoadNuxtOptions): Promise<Nuxt> {
   return nuxt as Nuxt
 }
 
-export function buildNuxt (nuxt: Nuxt): Promise<any> {
+export async function buildNuxt (nuxt: Nuxt): Promise<any> {
   const resolveOpts = { paths: nuxt.options.rootDir }
 
   // Nuxt 3
   if (nuxt.options._majorVersion === 3) {
-    const { build } = requireModule('nuxt3', resolveOpts)
+    const { build } = await importModule('nuxt3', resolveOpts)
     return build(nuxt)
   }
 
   // Nuxt 2
   // @ts-ignore
-  const { build } = tryRequireModule('nuxt-edge', resolveOpts) || requireModule('nuxt', resolveOpts)
+  const { build } = tryImportModule('nuxt-edge', resolveOpts) || tryImportModule('nuxt', resolveOpts)
   return build(nuxt)
 }
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/utils/cjs.ts b/packages/kit/src/utils/cjs.ts
index 651cc37979..3401bdbc5d 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/utils/cjs.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/utils/cjs.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'url'
 import { join, normalize } from 'pathe'
 import jiti from 'jiti'
 
 // TODO: use create-require for jest environment
-const _require = jiti(process.cwd())
+const _require = jiti(process.cwd(), { interopDefault: true })
 
 export interface ResolveModuleOptions {
   paths?: string | string[]
@@ -125,6 +126,15 @@ export function requireModule (id: string, opts: RequireModuleOptions = {}) {
   return requiredModule
 }
 
+export function importModule (id: string, opts: RequireModuleOptions = {}) {
+  const resolvedPath = resolveModule(id, opts)
+  return import(pathToFileURL(resolvedPath).href)
+}
+
+export function tryImportModule (id: string, opts: RequireModuleOptions = {}) {
+  return importModule(id, opts).catch(() => undefined)
+}
+
 /** Try to require a module, but don't emit an error if the module can't be required. */
 export function tryRequireModule (id: string, opts: RequireModuleOptions = {}) {
   try {
diff --git a/packages/nitro/build.config.ts b/packages/nitro/build.config.ts
index 8f682d7fc7..e3760c2383 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/build.config.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/build.config.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { defineBuildConfig } from 'unbuild'
 
 export default defineBuildConfig({
   declaration: true,
+  emitCJS: false,
   entries: [
     'src/index',
     { input: 'src/runtime/', outDir: 'dist/runtime', format: 'esm' },
diff --git a/packages/nitro/compat.js b/packages/nitro/compat.js
deleted file mode 100644
index d3c92d80e2..0000000000
--- a/packages/nitro/compat.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-export default function () {
-  throw new Error('Nitro compat for nuxt2 moved to nuxt bridge. Please check documentation for more details.')
-}
diff --git a/packages/nitro/package.json b/packages/nitro/package.json
index f9f3d2e562..b35d707285 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/package.json
+++ b/packages/nitro/package.json
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
   "name": "@nuxt/nitro",
   "version": "0.10.0",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": "./dist/index.mjs",
   "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
   "files": [
     "dist",
-    "types",
-    "compat.js"
+    "types"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "prepack": "unbuild"
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
     "jiti": "^1.12.6",
     "listhen": "^0.2.4",
     "mime": "^2.5.2",
+    "mlly": "^0.2.2",
     "node-fetch": "^3.0.0",
     "ohmyfetch": "^0.3.1",
     "ora": "^6.0.1",
@@ -65,7 +66,6 @@
     "ufo": "^0.7.9",
     "unenv": "^0.3.10",
     "unstorage": "^0.2.8",
-    "upath": "^2.0.1",
     "vue": "3.2.19",
     "vue-bundle-renderer": "^0.3.1",
     "vue-server-renderer": "^2.6.14"
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/build.ts b/packages/nitro/src/build.ts
index e3e8b9237e..f4dc5aba4e 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/build.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/build.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { resolve, join } from 'pathe'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import { rollup, watch as rollupWatch } from 'rollup'
-import { readFile, emptyDir, copy } from 'fs-extra'
+import fse from 'fs-extra'
 import { printFSTree } from './utils/tree'
 import { getRollupConfig } from './rollup/config'
 import { hl, prettyPath, serializeTemplate, writeFile, isDirectory } from './utils'
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export async function prepare (nitroContext: NitroContext) {
 
 async function cleanupDir (dir: string) {
   consola.info('Cleaning up', prettyPath(dir))
-  await emptyDir(dir)
+  await fse.emptyDir(dir)
 }
 
 export async function generate (nitroContext: NitroContext) {
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ export async function generate (nitroContext: NitroContext) {
 
   const clientDist = resolve(nitroContext._nuxt.buildDir, 'dist/client')
   if (await isDirectory(clientDist)) {
-    await copy(clientDist, join(nitroContext.output.publicDir, nitroContext._nuxt.publicPath))
+    await fse.copy(clientDist, join(nitroContext.output.publicDir, nitroContext._nuxt.publicPath))
   }
 
   const publicDir = nitroContext._nuxt.publicDir
   if (await isDirectory(publicDir)) {
-    await copy(publicDir, nitroContext.output.publicDir)
+    await fse.copy(publicDir, nitroContext.output.publicDir)
   }
 
   consola.success('Generated public ' + prettyPath(nitroContext.output.publicDir))
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export async function build (nitroContext: NitroContext) {
   const htmlSrc = resolve(nitroContext._nuxt.buildDir, `views/${{ 2: 'app', 3: 'document' }[2]}.template.html`)
   const htmlTemplate = { src: htmlSrc, contents: '', dst: '', compiled: '' }
   htmlTemplate.dst = htmlTemplate.src.replace(/.html$/, '.mjs').replace('app.', 'document.')
-  htmlTemplate.contents = nitroContext.vfs[htmlTemplate.src] || await readFile(htmlTemplate.src, 'utf-8')
+  htmlTemplate.contents = nitroContext.vfs[htmlTemplate.src] || await fse.readFile(htmlTemplate.src, 'utf-8')
   await nitroContext._internal.hooks.callHook('nitro:document', htmlTemplate)
   htmlTemplate.compiled = 'export default ' + serializeTemplate(htmlTemplate.contents)
   await writeFile(htmlTemplate.dst, htmlTemplate.compiled)
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/context.ts b/packages/nitro/src/context.ts
index 0b0372b84a..047b128153 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/context.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/context.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /* eslint-disable no-use-before-define */
-
-import { resolve, dirname } from 'pathe'
+import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import defu from 'defu'
 import { createHooks, Hookable, NestedHooks } from 'hookable'
 import type { Preset } from 'unenv'
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ import type { AssetOptions } from './rollup/plugins/assets'
 import type { ServerMiddleware } from './server/middleware'
 import type { RollupConfig } from './rollup/config'
 import type { Options as EsbuildOptions } from './rollup/plugins/esbuild'
+import { runtimeDir } from './dirs'
 
 export interface NitroHooks {
   'nitro:document': (htmlTemplate: { src: string, contents: string, dst: string, compiled: string }) => void
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ export function getNitroContext (nuxtOptions: NuxtOptions, input: NitroInput): N
       }
     },
     _internal: {
-      runtimeDir: resolve(dirname(require.resolve('@nuxt/nitro')), 'runtime'),
+      runtimeDir,
       hooks: createHooks<NitroHooks>()
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/dirs.ts b/packages/nitro/src/dirs.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf63260976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/dirs.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'
+import { dirname, resolve } from 'pathe'
+
+export const distDir = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))
+export const pkgDir = resolve(distDir, '..')
+export const runtimeDir = resolve(distDir, 'runtime')
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/presets/azure_functions.ts b/packages/nitro/src/presets/azure_functions.ts
index 07d274a85e..a1c8df208e 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/presets/azure_functions.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/presets/azure_functions.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+import { createWriteStream } from 'fs'
 import archiver from 'archiver'
 import consola from 'consola'
-import { createWriteStream } from 'fs-extra'
 import { join, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import { prettyPath, writeFile } from '../utils'
 import { NitroPreset, NitroContext } from '../context'
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/presets/browser.ts b/packages/nitro/src/presets/browser.ts
index 084bd13acf..f174c9e792 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/presets/browser.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/presets/browser.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { existsSync, writeFile } from 'fs-extra'
+import { existsSync, promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import { extendPreset, prettyPath } from '../utils'
@@ -62,17 +62,17 @@ if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
         tmpl.compiled = tmpl.compiled.replace('</body>', script + '</body>')
       },
       async 'nitro:compiled' ({ output }: NitroContext) {
-        await writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, 'sw.js'), `self.importScripts('${input._nuxt.routerBase}_server/index.mjs');`)
+        await fsp.writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, 'sw.js'), `self.importScripts('${input._nuxt.routerBase}_server/index.mjs');`, 'utf8')
 
         // Temp fix
         if (!existsSync(resolve(output.publicDir, 'index.html'))) {
-          await writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, 'index.html'), html)
+          await fsp.writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, 'index.html'), html, 'utf8')
         }
         if (!existsSync(resolve(output.publicDir, '200.html'))) {
-          await writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, '200.html'), html)
+          await fsp.writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, '200.html'), html, 'utf8')
         }
         if (!existsSync(resolve(output.publicDir, '404.html'))) {
-          await writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, '404.html'), html)
+          await fsp.writeFile(resolve(output.publicDir, '404.html'), html, 'utf8')
         }
         consola.info('Ready to deploy to static hosting:', prettyPath(output.publicDir as string))
       }
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/presets/firebase.ts b/packages/nitro/src/presets/firebase.ts
index bcceb3b7e6..25d5aaf4bd 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/presets/firebase.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/presets/firebase.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
 import { join, relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
-import { existsSync, readJSONSync } from 'fs-extra'
+import fse from 'fs-extra'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import globby from 'globby'
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ export const firebase: NitroPreset = {
 }
 
 async function writeRoutes ({ output: { publicDir, serverDir }, _nuxt: { rootDir } }: NitroContext) {
-  if (!existsSync(join(rootDir, 'firebase.json'))) {
+  if (!fse.existsSync(join(rootDir, 'firebase.json'))) {
     const firebase = {
       functions: {
         source: relative(rootDir, serverDir)
@@ -38,20 +39,22 @@ async function writeRoutes ({ output: { publicDir, serverDir }, _nuxt: { rootDir
     await writeFile(resolve(rootDir, 'firebase.json'), JSON.stringify(firebase))
   }
 
+  const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
+
   const jsons = await globby(`${serverDir}/node_modules/**/package.json`)
   const prefixLength = `${serverDir}/node_modules/`.length
   const suffixLength = '/package.json'.length
   const dependencies = jsons.reduce((obj, packageJson) => {
     const dirname = packageJson.slice(prefixLength, -suffixLength)
     if (!dirname.includes('node_modules')) {
-      obj[dirname] = require(packageJson).version
+      obj[dirname] = _require(packageJson).version
     }
     return obj
   }, {} as Record<string, string>)
 
   let nodeVersion = '12'
   try {
-    const currentNodeVersion = readJSONSync(join(rootDir, 'package.json')).engines.node
+    const currentNodeVersion = fse.readJSONSync(join(rootDir, 'package.json')).engines.node
     if (['12', '10'].includes(currentNodeVersion)) {
       nodeVersion = currentNodeVersion
     }
@@ -66,8 +69,8 @@ async function writeRoutes ({ output: { publicDir, serverDir }, _nuxt: { rootDir
         dependencies,
         devDependencies: {
           'firebase-functions-test': 'latest',
-          'firebase-admin': require('firebase-admin/package.json').version,
-          'firebase-functions': require('firebase-functions/package.json')
+          'firebase-admin': _require('firebase-admin/package.json').version,
+          'firebase-functions': _require('firebase-functions/package.json')
             .version
         },
         engines: { node: nodeVersion }
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/presets/netlify.ts b/packages/nitro/src/presets/netlify.ts
index 0e308d7c8c..0e4059b7d5 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/presets/netlify.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/presets/netlify.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import { existsSync, promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { join } from 'pathe'
-import { existsSync, readFile, writeFile } from 'fs-extra'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import { extendPreset } from '../utils'
 import { NitroContext, NitroPreset } from '../context'
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const netlify: NitroPreset = extendPreset(lambda, {
       const redirectsPath = join(ctx.output.publicDir, '_redirects')
       let contents = '/* /.netlify/functions/server 200'
       if (existsSync(redirectsPath)) {
-        const currentRedirects = await readFile(redirectsPath, 'utf-8')
+        const currentRedirects = await fsp.readFile(redirectsPath, 'utf-8')
         if (currentRedirects.match(/^\/\* /m)) {
           consola.info('Not adding Nitro fallback to `_redirects` (as an existing fallback was found).')
           return
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export const netlify: NitroPreset = extendPreset(lambda, {
         consola.info('Adding Nitro fallback to `_redirects` to handle all unmatched routes.')
         contents = currentRedirects + '\n' + contents
       }
-      await writeFile(redirectsPath, contents)
+      await fsp.writeFile(redirectsPath, contents)
     },
     'nitro:rollup:before' (ctx: NitroContext) {
       ctx.rollupConfig.output.entryFileNames = 'server.ts'
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/config.ts b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/config.ts
index 9e654fd87a..ab774f0464 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/config.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/config.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { pathToFileURL } from 'url'
-import { dirname, join, normalize, relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
+import { dirname, join, relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import type { InputOptions, OutputOptions } from 'rollup'
 import defu from 'defu'
 import { terser } from 'rollup-plugin-terser'
@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ import * as unenv from 'unenv'
 
 import type { Preset } from 'unenv'
 import { NitroContext } from '../context'
-import { resolvePath, MODULE_DIR } from '../utils'
+import { resolvePath } from '../utils'
+import { pkgDir } from '../dirs'
 
 import { dynamicRequire } from './plugins/dynamic-require'
 import { externals } from './plugins/externals'
@@ -63,10 +65,11 @@ export const getRollupConfig = (nitroContext: NitroContext) => {
   }
 
   // TODO: #590
+  const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
   if (nitroContext._nuxt.majorVersion === 3) {
     env.alias['vue/server-renderer'] = 'vue/server-renderer'
     env.alias['vue/compiler-sfc'] = 'vue/compiler-sfc'
-    env.alias.vue = require.resolve(`vue/dist/vue.cjs${nitroContext._nuxt.dev ? '' : '.prod'}.js`)
+    env.alias.vue = _require.resolve(`vue/dist/vue.cjs${nitroContext._nuxt.dev ? '' : '.prod'}.js`)
   }
 
   const buildServerDir = join(nitroContext._nuxt.buildDir, 'dist/server')
@@ -216,8 +219,8 @@ export const getRollupConfig = (nitroContext: NitroContext) => {
   rollupConfig.plugins.push(alias({
     entries: {
       '#nitro': nitroContext._internal.runtimeDir,
-      '#nitro-renderer': normalize(require.resolve(resolve(nitroContext._internal.runtimeDir, 'app', renderer))),
-      '#config': normalize(require.resolve(resolve(nitroContext._internal.runtimeDir, 'app/config'))),
+      '#nitro-renderer': resolve(nitroContext._internal.runtimeDir, 'app', renderer),
+      '#config': resolve(nitroContext._internal.runtimeDir, 'app/config'),
       '#nitro-vue-renderer': vue2ServerRenderer,
       // Only file and data URLs are supported by the default ESM loader on Windows (#427)
       '#build': nitroContext._nuxt.dev && process.platform === 'win32'
@@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ export const getRollupConfig = (nitroContext: NitroContext) => {
   const moduleDirectories = [
     resolve(nitroContext._nuxt.rootDir, 'node_modules'),
     ...nitroContext._nuxt.modulesDir,
-    resolve(MODULE_DIR, '../node_modules'),
+    resolve(pkgDir, '../node_modules'),
     'node_modules'
   ]
 
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/dynamic-require.ts b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/dynamic-require.ts
index fa7951d096..35a5376cc0 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/dynamic-require.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/dynamic-require.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'url'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import globby from 'globby'
 import type { Plugin } from 'rollup'
 import { serializeImportName } from '../../utils'
 
 const PLUGIN_NAME = 'dynamic-require'
-const HELPER_DYNAMIC = `\0${PLUGIN_NAME}.js`
+const HELPER_DYNAMIC = `\0${PLUGIN_NAME}.mjs`
 const DYNAMIC_REQUIRE_RE = /import\("\.\/" ?\+(.*)\).then/g
 
 interface Options {
@@ -57,24 +58,25 @@ export function dynamicRequire ({ dir, ignore, inline }: Options): Plugin {
       let files = []
       try {
         const wpManifest = resolve(dir, './server.manifest.json')
-        files = await import(wpManifest).then(r => Object.keys(r.files).filter(file => !ignore.includes(file)))
+        files = await import(pathToFileURL(wpManifest).href).then(r => Object.keys(r.files).filter(file => !ignore.includes(file)))
       } catch {
         files = await globby('**/*.{cjs,mjs,js}', { cwd: dir, absolute: false, ignore })
       }
-      const chunks = files.map(id => ({
+
+      const chunks = (await Promise.all(files.map(async id => ({
         id,
         src: resolve(dir, id).replace(/\\/g, '/'),
         name: serializeImportName(id),
-        meta: getWebpackChunkMeta(resolve(dir, id))
-      })).filter(chunk => chunk.meta)
+        meta: await getWebpackChunkMeta(resolve(dir, id))
+      })))).filter(chunk => chunk.meta)
 
       return inline ? TMPL_INLINE({ chunks }) : TMPL_LAZY({ chunks })
     }
   }
 }
 
-function getWebpackChunkMeta (src: string) {
-  const chunk = require(src) || {}
+async function getWebpackChunkMeta (src: string) {
+  const chunk = await import(pathToFileURL(src).href).then(r => r.default || r || {})
   const { id, ids, modules } = chunk
   if (!id && !ids) {
     return null // Not a webpack chunk
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/externals.ts b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/externals.ts
index 3210dd1155..3855a51b3a 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/externals.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/externals.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { resolve, dirname } from 'pathe'
-import { copyFile, mkdirp } from 'fs-extra'
+import fse from 'fs-extra'
 import { nodeFileTrace, NodeFileTraceOptions } from '@vercel/nft'
 import type { Plugin } from 'rollup'
 
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ export function externals (opts: NodeExternalsOptions): Plugin {
         const writeFile = async (file) => {
           const src = resolve(opts.traceOptions.base, file)
           const dst = resolve(opts.outDir, 'node_modules', file.split('node_modules/').pop())
-          await mkdirp(dirname(dst))
-          await copyFile(src, dst)
+          await fse.mkdirp(dirname(dst))
+          await fse.copyFile(src, dst)
         }
         if (process.platform === 'win32') {
           // Workaround for EBUSY on windows (#424)
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/static.ts b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/static.ts
index c259833b45..e4f9ccd4ca 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/static.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/static.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import { readFileSync, statSync } from 'fs'
 import createEtag from 'etag'
-import { readFileSync, statSync } from 'fs-extra'
 import mime from 'mime'
 import { relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import virtual from '@rollup/plugin-virtual'
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/virtual.ts b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/virtual.ts
index bc919e8cb6..cd1c8ee0a8 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/virtual.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/rollup/plugins/virtual.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import * as path from 'pathe'
+import { resolve, dirname } from 'pathe'
 import type { Plugin } from 'rollup'
 
 // Based on https://github.com/rollup/plugins/blob/master/packages/virtual/src/index.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export default function virtual (modules: RollupVirtualOptions): Plugin {
 
   for (const [id, mod] of Object.entries(modules)) {
     _modules.set(id, mod)
-    _modules.set(path.resolve(id), mod)
+    _modules.set(resolve(id), mod)
   }
 
   return {
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export default function virtual (modules: RollupVirtualOptions): Plugin {
         const importerNoPrefix = importer.startsWith(PREFIX)
           ? importer.slice(PREFIX.length)
           : importer
-        const resolved = path.resolve(path.dirname(importerNoPrefix), id)
+        const resolved = resolve(dirname(importerNoPrefix), id)
         if (_modules.has(resolved)) { return PREFIX + resolved }
       }
 
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/runtime/entries/firebase.ts b/packages/nitro/src/runtime/entries/firebase.ts
index 162fa04071..b8dfd55c34 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/runtime/entries/firebase.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/runtime/entries/firebase.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import '#polyfill'
 
+// @ts-ignore
+import functions from 'firebase-functions'
 import { handle } from '../server'
 
-const functions = require('firebase-functions')
-
 export const server = functions.https.onRequest(handle)
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts b/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts
index 3e261c1b37..3beed262d4 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import { Worker } from 'worker_threads'
 
 import { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from 'http'
+import { promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { loading as loadingTemplate } from '@nuxt/design'
 import chokidar, { FSWatcher } from 'chokidar'
 import debounce from 'debounce'
-import { stat } from 'fs-extra'
 import { promisifyHandle, createApp, Middleware, useBase } from 'h3'
-import { createProxy } from 'http-proxy'
+import httpProxy from 'http-proxy'
 import { listen, Listener, ListenOptions } from 'listhen'
 import servePlaceholder from 'serve-placeholder'
 import serveStatic from 'serve-static'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-import type { Server } from 'connect'
+import connect from 'connect'
 import type { NitroContext } from '../context'
 import { handleVfs } from './vfs'
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export function createDevServer (nitroContext: NitroContext) {
       workerAddress = null
       pendingWorker = null
     }
-    if (!(await stat(workerEntry)).isFile) {
+    if (!(await fsp.stat(workerEntry)).isFile) {
       throw new Error('Entry not found: ' + workerEntry)
     }
     return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export function createDevServer (nitroContext: NitroContext) {
   app.use(nitroContext._nuxt.publicPath, servePlaceholder())
 
   // SSR Proxy
-  const proxy = createProxy()
+  const proxy = httpProxy.createProxy()
   const proxyHandle = promisifyHandle((req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse) => proxy.web(req, res, { target: workerAddress }, (_err: unknown) => {
     // console.error('[proxy]', err)
   }))
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ function createDynamicMiddleware (): DynamicMiddleware {
         middleware = input
         return
       }
-      const app: Server = require('connect')()
+      const app = connect()
       for (const m of input) {
         app.use(m.path || m.route || '/', m.handler || m.handle!)
       }
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/utils/index.ts b/packages/nitro/src/utils/index.ts
index 22dacb264a..997f363e66 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/utils/index.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/utils/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
 import { relative, dirname, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import fse from 'fs-extra'
 import jiti from 'jiti'
@@ -8,8 +9,6 @@ import chalk from 'chalk'
 import { get } from 'dot-prop'
 import type { NitroPreset, NitroInput } from '../context'
 
-export const MODULE_DIR = resolve(__dirname, '..')
-
 export function hl (str: string) {
   return chalk.cyan(str)
 }
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ export function serializeTemplate (contents: string) {
 }
 
 export function jitiImport (dir: string, path: string) {
-  return jiti(dir)(path)
+  return jiti(dir, { interopDefault: true })(path)
 }
 
 export function tryImport (dir: string, path: string) {
@@ -107,9 +106,10 @@ const _getDependenciesMode = {
   prod: ['dependencies'],
   all: ['devDependencies', 'dependencies']
 }
+const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
 export function getDependencies (dir: string, mode: keyof typeof _getDependenciesMode = 'all') {
   const fields = _getDependenciesMode[mode]
-  const pkg = require(resolve(dir, 'package.json'))
+  const pkg = _require(resolve(dir, 'package.json'))
   const dependencies = []
   for (const field of fields) {
     if (pkg[field]) {
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/utils/tree.ts b/packages/nitro/src/utils/tree.ts
index 175569beb6..72ba7e4fb0 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/utils/tree.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/utils/tree.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+import { promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { resolve, dirname, relative } from 'pathe'
 import globby from 'globby'
 import prettyBytes from 'pretty-bytes'
 import gzipSize from 'gzip-size'
-import { readFile } from 'fs-extra'
 import chalk from 'chalk'
 import stdenv from 'std-env'
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export async function printFSTree (dir: string) {
 
   const items = (await Promise.all(files.map(async (file) => {
     const path = resolve(dir, file)
-    const src = await readFile(path)
+    const src = await fsp.readFile(path)
     const size = src.byteLength
     const gzip = await gzipSize(src)
     return { file, path, size, gzip }
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.cjs b/packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.cjs
deleted file mode 100755
index aed07f34ea..0000000000
--- a/packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.cjs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env node
-process._startTime = Date.now()
-
-require('../dist/index.cjs').main()
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.mjs b/packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.mjs
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fb1e6760d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+process._startTime = Date.now()
+import('../dist/index.mjs').then(r => (r.default || r).main())
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/build.config.ts b/packages/nuxi/build.config.ts
index a47eba0d6b..9f690f29cd 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/build.config.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/build.config.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { defineBuildConfig } from 'unbuild'
 export default defineBuildConfig({
   declaration: true,
   inlineDependencies: true,
+  emitCJS: false,
+  cjsBridge: true,
   entries: [
     'src/index'
   ],
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/package.json b/packages/nuxi/package.json
index f0037e4881..fb55bec3d0 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/package.json
+++ b/packages/nuxi/package.json
@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
   "version": "0.10.0",
   "repository": "nuxt/framework",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./dist/index.mjs",
+    "./cli": "./bin/nuxi.mjs"
+  },
   "bin": {
-    "nu": "./bin/nuxi.cjs",
-    "nuxi": "./bin/nuxi.cjs"
+    "nu": "./bin/nuxi.mjs",
+    "nuxi": "./bin/nuxi.mjs"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "prepack": "unbuild"
@@ -34,6 +38,7 @@
     "flat": "^5.0.2",
     "jiti": "^1.12.6",
     "listhen": "^0.2.4",
+    "mlly": "^0.2.2",
     "mri": "^1.2.0",
     "pathe": "^0.2.0",
     "scule": "^0.2.1",
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/build.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/build.ts
index 63e150b5a1..9e7a83aeb8 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/build.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/build.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-import { requireModule } from '../utils/cjs'
+import { importModule } from '../utils/cjs'
 import { error } from '../utils/log'
 
 import { defineNuxtCommand } from './index'
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
     process.env.NODE_ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'production'
     const rootDir = resolve(args._[0] || '.')
 
-    const { loadNuxt, buildNuxt } = requireModule('@nuxt/kit', rootDir) as typeof import('@nuxt/kit')
+    const { loadNuxt, buildNuxt } = await importModule('@nuxt/kit', rootDir) as typeof import('@nuxt/kit')
 
     const nuxt = await loadNuxt({ rootDir })
 
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts
index 9678921696..88309b126d 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import debounce from 'debounce-promise'
 import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { createServer, createLoadingHandler } from '../utils/server'
 import { showBanner } from '../utils/banner'
-import { requireModule } from '../utils/cjs'
+import { importModule } from '../utils/cjs'
 import { error } from '../utils/log'
 import { defineNuxtCommand } from './index'
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
 
     const rootDir = resolve(args._[0] || '.')
 
-    const { loadNuxt, buildNuxt } = requireModule('@nuxt/kit', rootDir) as typeof import('@nuxt/kit')
+    const { loadNuxt, buildNuxt } = await importModule('@nuxt/kit', rootDir) as typeof import('@nuxt/kit')
 
     let currentNuxt: Nuxt
     const load = async (isRestart: boolean, reason?: string) => {
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/index.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/index.ts
index 408771f3fa..621653c745 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/index.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/index.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import type { Argv } from 'mri'
 
+const _rDefault = r => r.default || r
+
 export const commands = {
-  dev: () => import('./dev'),
-  build: () => import('./build'),
-  prepare: () => import('./prepare'),
-  usage: () => import('./usage'),
-  info: () => import('./info')
+  dev: () => import('./dev').then(_rDefault),
+  build: () => import('./build').then(_rDefault),
+  prepare: () => import('./prepare').then(_rDefault),
+  usage: () => import('./usage').then(_rDefault),
+  info: () => import('./info').then(_rDefault)
 }
 
 export type Command = keyof typeof commands
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/info.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/info.ts
index 4eb1142532..7cb2bb686b 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/info.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/info.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os from 'os'
 import { existsSync, readFileSync } from 'fs'
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
 import { resolve, dirname } from 'pathe'
 import jiti from 'jiti'
 import destr from 'destr'
@@ -129,7 +130,8 @@ function getPkg (name, rootDir) {
   let pkgPath = resolve(rootDir, 'node_modules', name, 'package.json')
 
   // Try to resolve for more accuracy
-  try { pkgPath = require.resolve(name + '/package.json', { paths: [rootDir] }) } catch (_err) {
+  const _require = createRequire(rootDir)
+  try { pkgPath = _require.resolve(name + '/package.json') } catch (_err) {
     // console.log('not found:', name)
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/prepare.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/prepare.ts
index 60884c1eea..60cc4d7b9e 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/prepare.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/prepare.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import { cyan } from 'colorette'
 import type { TSReference } from '@nuxt/kit'
-import { requireModule, getModulePaths, getNearestPackage } from '../utils/cjs'
+import { importModule, getModulePaths, getNearestPackage } from '../utils/cjs'
 import { success } from '../utils/log'
 import { defineNuxtCommand } from './index'
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
     process.env.NODE_ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'production'
     const rootDir = resolve(args._[0] || '.')
 
-    const { loadNuxt } = requireModule('@nuxt/kit', rootDir) as typeof import('@nuxt/kit')
+    const { loadNuxt } = await importModule('@nuxt/kit', rootDir) as typeof import('@nuxt/kit')
     const nuxt = await loadNuxt({ rootDir })
 
     const adHocModules = nuxt.options._majorVersion === 3
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/index.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/index.ts
index 8751176fec..fc9e52a1c1 100755
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import 'v8-compile-cache'
 import mri from 'mri'
 import { red, cyan } from 'colorette'
 import { commands, Command, NuxtCommand } from './commands'
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ async function _main () {
 
   try {
     // @ts-ignore default.default is hotfix for #621
-    const cmd = await commands[command as Command]().then(c => c.default.default) as NuxtCommand
+    const cmd = await commands[command as Command]() as NuxtCommand
     if (args.h || args.help) {
       showHelp(cmd.meta)
     } else {
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/utils/cjs.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/utils/cjs.ts
index 2f32e1f944..c6a0331a56 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/utils/cjs.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/utils/cjs.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'url'
 import { normalize, dirname } from 'pathe'
 
 export function getModulePaths (paths?: string | string[]): string[] {
@@ -11,8 +13,10 @@ export function getModulePaths (paths?: string | string[]): string[] {
   ).filter(Boolean)
 }
 
+const _require = createRequire(process.cwd())
+
 export function resolveModule (id: string, paths?: string | string[]) {
-  return normalize(require.resolve(id, { paths: getModulePaths(paths) }))
+  return normalize(_require.resolve(id, { paths: getModulePaths(paths) }))
 }
 
 export function tryResolveModule (id: string, paths?: string | string[]) {
@@ -22,7 +26,12 @@ export function tryResolveModule (id: string, paths?: string | string[]) {
 }
 
 export function requireModule (id: string, paths?: string | string[]) {
-  return require(resolveModule(id, paths))
+  return _require(resolveModule(id, paths))
+}
+
+export function importModule (id: string, paths?: string | string[]) {
+  const resolvedPath = resolveModule(id, paths)
+  return import(pathToFileURL(resolvedPath).href)
 }
 
 export function getNearestPackage (id: string, paths?: string | string[]) {
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/bin/nuxt.cjs b/packages/nuxt3/bin/nuxt.cjs
deleted file mode 100755
index d5ceb75321..0000000000
--- a/packages/nuxt3/bin/nuxt.cjs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env node
-require('nuxi/bin/nuxi.cjs')
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/bin/nuxt.mjs b/packages/nuxt3/bin/nuxt.mjs
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7faab34846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/bin/nuxt.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+import 'nuxi/cli'
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/build.config.ts b/packages/nuxt3/build.config.ts
index c09f310e3e..fc1e91e4cd 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/build.config.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/build.config.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { defineBuildConfig, BuildEntry } from 'unbuild'
 
 export default defineBuildConfig({
   declaration: true,
+  emitCJS: false,
   entries: [
     // Core
     { input: 'src/index' },
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/package.json b/packages/nuxt3/package.json
index 57aa74728c..1d78c5f128 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/package.json
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/package.json
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
   "version": "0.10.0",
   "repository": "nuxt/framework",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": "./dist/index.mjs",
   "types": "./types.d.ts",
   "bin": {
-    "nuxt": "./bin/nuxt.cjs"
+    "nuxt": "./bin/nuxt.mjs"
   },
   "files": [
     "bin",
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
     "hash-sum": "^2.0.0",
     "hookable": "^5.0.0",
     "ignore": "^5.1.8",
+    "mlly": "^0.2.2",
     "nuxi": "^0.10.0",
     "ohmyfetch": "^0.3.1",
     "pathe": "^0.2.0",
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/app.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/app.ts
index eef3c73632..2a027f369d 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/app.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/app.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+import { promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import defu from 'defu'
 import { tryResolvePath, resolveFiles, Nuxt, NuxtApp, normalizePlugin, normalizeTemplate, compileTemplate, templateUtils } from '@nuxt/kit'
-import { writeFile } from 'fs-extra'
 
 import * as defaultTemplates from '../app/templates'
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export async function generateApp (nuxt: Nuxt, app: NuxtApp) {
     }
 
     if (template.write) {
-      await writeFile(fullPath, contents, 'utf8')
+      await fsp.writeFile(fullPath, contents, 'utf8')
     }
   }))
 
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts
index 3e11fee626..bf37985a3f 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import chokidar from 'chokidar'
 import { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
-import { emptyDir } from 'fs-extra'
+import fse from 'fs-extra'
 import { createApp, generateApp } from './app'
 
 export async function build (nuxt: Nuxt) {
   //  Clear buildDir once
-  await emptyDir(nuxt.options.buildDir)
+  await fse.emptyDir(nuxt.options.buildDir)
 
   const app = createApp(nuxt)
   await generateApp(nuxt, app)
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/nitro.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/nitro.ts
index 6b2aca2341..2b87a53b21 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/nitro.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/nitro.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { normalize } from 'pathe'
+import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import { wpfs, getNitroContext, createDevServer, resolveMiddleware, build, prepare, generate } from '@nuxt/nitro'
 import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export function initNitro (nuxt: Nuxt) {
 
   // Add nitro client plugin (to inject $fetch helper)
   nuxt.hook('app:resolve', (app) => {
-    app.plugins.push({ src: normalize(require.resolve('@nuxt/nitro/dist/runtime/app/nitro.client.mjs')) })
+    app.plugins.push({ src: resolve(nitroContext._internal.runtimeDir, 'app/nitro.client.mjs') })
   })
 
   // Expose process.env.NITRO_PRESET
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/dirs.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/dirs.ts
index 216d6beb10..af0ffb33a2 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/dirs.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/dirs.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { resolve } from 'pathe'
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'
+import { dirname, resolve } from 'pathe'
 
-export const distDir = __dirname
+export const distDir = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))
 export const pkgDir = resolve(distDir, '..')
diff --git a/packages/vite/build.config.ts b/packages/vite/build.config.ts
index fc4a797649..ca0526a86f 100644
--- a/packages/vite/build.config.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/build.config.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { defineBuildConfig } from 'unbuild'
 
 export default defineBuildConfig({
   declaration: true,
+  emitCJS: false,
   entries: [
     'src/index'
   ],
diff --git a/packages/vite/package.json b/packages/vite/package.json
index 4495fd577f..2c525abd89 100644
--- a/packages/vite/package.json
+++ b/packages/vite/package.json
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
   "version": "0.10.0",
   "repository": "nuxt/framework",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "type": "module",
   "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": "./dist/index.mjs",
   "files": [
     "dist"
   ],
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/client.ts b/packages/vite/src/client.ts
index e65beb5f0e..acd9f32042 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/client.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/client.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import * as vite from 'vite'
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-import { mkdirp, readJSON, writeFile } from 'fs-extra'
+import * as vite from 'vite'
+import fse from 'fs-extra'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import vitePlugin from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'
 
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ export async function buildClient (ctx: ViteBuildContext) {
 
   const clientManifest = ctx.nuxt.options.dev
     ? devClientManifest
-    : await readJSON(resolve(clientDist, 'manifest.json'))
+    : await fse.readJSON(resolve(clientDist, 'manifest.json'))
 
-  await mkdirp(serverDist)
-  await writeFile(resolve(serverDist, 'client.manifest.json'), JSON.stringify(clientManifest, null, 2), 'utf8')
-  await writeFile(resolve(serverDist, 'client.manifest.mjs'), 'export default ' + JSON.stringify(clientManifest, null, 2), 'utf8')
+  await fse.mkdirp(serverDist)
+  await fse.writeFile(resolve(serverDist, 'client.manifest.json'), JSON.stringify(clientManifest, null, 2), 'utf8')
+  await fse.writeFile(resolve(serverDist, 'client.manifest.mjs'), 'export default ' + JSON.stringify(clientManifest, null, 2), 'utf8')
 }
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/utils/wpfs.ts b/packages/vite/src/utils/wpfs.ts
index 13cdb650f4..b6d0c91593 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/utils/wpfs.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/utils/wpfs.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { join } from 'pathe'
-import fsExtra from 'fs-extra'
+import fse from 'fs-extra'
 
 export const wpfs = {
-  ...fsExtra,
+  ...fse,
   join
 }
diff --git a/packages/webpack/build.config.ts b/packages/webpack/build.config.ts
index bf77753e35..43e46ca9e1 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/build.config.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/build.config.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { defineBuildConfig } from 'unbuild'
 
 export default defineBuildConfig({
   declaration: true,
+  emitCJS: false,
   entries: [
     'src/index'
   ],
diff --git a/packages/webpack/package.json b/packages/webpack/package.json
index 0365af5e69..7ede12f096 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/package.json
+++ b/packages/webpack/package.json
@@ -3,8 +3,12 @@
   "version": "0.10.0",
   "repository": "nuxt/framework",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "type": "module",
   "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./dist/index.mjs",
+    "./dist/*": "./dist/*"
+  },
   "files": [
     "dist"
   ],
@@ -27,9 +31,10 @@
     "fs-extra": "^10.0.0",
     "glob": "^7.2.0",
     "hash-sum": "^2.0.0",
-    "lodash": "^4.17.21",
+    "lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
     "memfs": "^3.3.0",
     "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^2.3.0",
+    "mlly": "^0.2.2",
     "pathe": "^0.2.0",
     "pify": "^5.0.0",
     "postcss": "^8.3.8",
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/configs/client.ts b/packages/webpack/src/configs/client.ts
index 58c89b9df1..834ac2365c 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/configs/client.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/configs/client.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import querystring from 'querystring'
-import path from 'pathe'
+import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import webpack from 'webpack'
 import { BundleAnalyzerPlugin } from 'webpack-bundle-analyzer'
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ function clientPlugins (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
   // Webpack Bundle Analyzer
   // https://github.com/webpack-contrib/webpack-bundle-analyzer
   if (!ctx.isDev && options.build.analyze) {
-    const statsDir = path.resolve(options.buildDir, 'stats')
+    const statsDir = resolve(options.buildDir, 'stats')
 
     // @ts-ignore
     config.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin({
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ function clientPlugins (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
       defaultSizes: 'gzip',
       generateStatsFile: true,
       openAnalyzer: !options.build.quiet,
-      reportFilename: path.resolve(statsDir, `${ctx.name}.html`),
-      statsFilename: path.resolve(statsDir, `${ctx.name}.json`),
+      reportFilename: resolve(statsDir, `${ctx.name}.html`),
+      statsFilename: resolve(statsDir, `${ctx.name}.json`),
       ...options.build.analyze as any
     }))
   }
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/configs/server.ts b/packages/webpack/src/configs/server.ts
index 8997c2a5a2..c6ad24b976 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/configs/server.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/configs/server.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { isAbsolute } from 'pathe'
-import { ProvidePlugin } from 'webpack'
+import webpack from 'webpack'
 import { WebpackConfigContext, applyPresets, getWebpackConfig } from '../utils/config'
 import { nuxt } from '../presets/nuxt'
 import { node } from '../presets/node'
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ function serverPlugins (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
 
   // Server polyfills
   if (options.build.serverURLPolyfill) {
-    config.plugins.push(new ProvidePlugin({
+    config.plugins.push(new webpack.ProvidePlugin({
       URL: [options.build.serverURLPolyfill, 'URL'],
       URLSearchParams: [options.build.serverURLPolyfill, 'URLSearchParams']
     }))
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/client.ts b/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/client.ts
index 43cf1d6aff..c200b891df 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/client.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/client.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 
 import { dirname } from 'pathe'
 import hash from 'hash-sum'
-import { uniq } from 'lodash'
-import { writeFile, mkdirp } from 'fs-extra'
+import { uniq } from 'lodash-es'
+import fse from 'fs-extra'
 
 import { isJS, isCSS, isHotUpdate } from './util'
 
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ export default class VueSSRClientPlugin {
 
       const src = JSON.stringify(manifest, null, 2)
 
-      await mkdirp(dirname(this.options.filename))
-      await writeFile(this.options.filename, src)
+      await fse.mkdirp(dirname(this.options.filename))
+      await fse.writeFile(this.options.filename, src)
 
       const mjsSrc = 'export default ' + src
-      await writeFile(this.options.filename.replace('.json', '.mjs'), mjsSrc)
+      await fse.writeFile(this.options.filename.replace('.json', '.mjs'), mjsSrc)
 
       // assets[this.options.filename] = {
       //   source: () => src,
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/server.ts b/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/server.ts
index 1ef59f5a96..e9bd1ee311 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/server.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/plugins/vue/server.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-import { Compilation } from 'webpack'
+import webpack from 'webpack'
 import { validate, isJS, extractQueryPartJS } from './util'
 
 export default class VueSSRServerPlugin {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ export default class VueSSRServerPlugin {
     compiler.hooks.make.tap('VueSSRServerPlugin', (compilation: any) => {
       compilation.hooks.processAssets.tapAsync({
         name: 'VueSSRServerPlugin',
-        stage: Compilation.PROCESS_ASSETS_STAGE_ADDITIONAL
+        stage: webpack.Compilation.PROCESS_ASSETS_STAGE_ADDITIONAL
       }, (assets, cb) => {
         const stats = compilation.getStats().toJson()
         const [entryName] = Object.keys(stats.entrypoints)
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/plugins/warning-ignore.ts b/packages/webpack/src/plugins/warning-ignore.ts
index d111997a78..ac48316443 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/plugins/warning-ignore.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/plugins/warning-ignore.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { WebpackError } from 'webpack'
+import type { WebpackError } from 'webpack'
 export default class WarningIgnorePlugin {
   filter: (warn: WebpackError) => boolean
 
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/presets/babel.ts b/packages/webpack/src/presets/babel.ts
index b0604c4faa..bd1a1d28f9 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/presets/babel.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/presets/babel.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
+import { createRequire } from 'module'
 import { normalize } from 'pathe'
 import TerserWebpackPlugin from 'terser-webpack-plugin'
 import { reservedVueTags } from '../utils/reserved-tags'
 import { WebpackConfigContext } from '../utils/config'
 
+const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
+
 export function babel (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
   const { config, options } = ctx
 
   const babelLoader = {
-    loader: normalize(require.resolve('babel-loader')),
+    loader: normalize(_require.resolve('babel-loader')),
     options: getBabelOptions(ctx)
   }
 
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ function getBabelOptions (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
     babelOptions.plugins = babelOptions.plugins(ctx)
   }
 
-  const defaultPreset = [normalize(require.resolve('../../babel-preset-app')), {}]
+  const defaultPreset = [normalize(_require.resolve('../../babel-preset-app')), {}]
 
   if (typeof babelOptions.presets === 'function') {
     babelOptions.presets = babelOptions.presets(ctx, defaultPreset)
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/presets/base.ts b/packages/webpack/src/presets/base.ts
index 7ea9f998d4..76457d23d2 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/presets/base.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/presets/base.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import { resolve, normalize } from 'pathe'
 import TimeFixPlugin from 'time-fix-plugin'
 import WebpackBar from 'webpackbar'
 import consola from 'consola'
-import { DefinePlugin, Configuration } from 'webpack'
+import webpack from 'webpack'
 import FriendlyErrorsWebpackPlugin from '@nuxt/friendly-errors-webpack-plugin'
-import { escapeRegExp } from 'lodash'
+import { escapeRegExp } from 'lodash-es'
 import { hasProtocol, joinURL } from 'ufo'
 import WarningIgnorePlugin from '../plugins/warning-ignore'
 import { WebpackConfigContext, applyPresets, fileName } from '../utils/config'
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function basePlugins (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
   config.plugins.push(new WarningIgnorePlugin(getWarningIgnoreFilter(ctx)))
 
   // Provide env via DefinePlugin
-  config.plugins.push(new DefinePlugin(getEnv(ctx)))
+  config.plugins.push(new webpack.DefinePlugin(getEnv(ctx)))
 
   // Friendly errors
   if (
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ export function baseTranspile (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
   ctx.transpile = [...transpile, ...ctx.transpile]
 }
 
-function getCache (ctx: WebpackConfigContext): Configuration['cache'] {
+function getCache (ctx: WebpackConfigContext): webpack.Configuration['cache'] {
   const { options } = ctx
 
   if (!options.dev) {
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ function getCache (ctx: WebpackConfigContext): Configuration['cache'] {
   // }
 }
 
-function getOutput (ctx: WebpackConfigContext): Configuration['output'] {
+function getOutput (ctx: WebpackConfigContext): webpack.Configuration['output'] {
   const { options } = ctx
 
   return {
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/presets/style.ts b/packages/webpack/src/presets/style.ts
index 0b8afbf080..5c340d89ab 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/presets/style.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/presets/style.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import path from 'pathe'
+import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import MiniCssExtractPlugin from 'mini-css-extract-plugin'
 import CssMinimizerPlugin from 'css-minimizer-webpack-plugin'
 import { fileName, WebpackConfigContext, applyPresets } from '../utils/config'
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ function createStyleResourcesLoaderRule (styleLang, styleResources, rootDir) {
   return {
     loader: 'style-resources-loader',
     options: {
-      patterns: Array.from(styleResources[styleLang]).map(p => path.resolve(rootDir, p as string)),
+      patterns: Array.from(styleResources[styleLang]).map(p => resolve(rootDir, p as string)),
       ...styleResources.options
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/presets/vue.ts b/packages/webpack/src/presets/vue.ts
index b0bd32d155..7355ca8f44 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/presets/vue.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/presets/vue.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-import VueLoaderPlugin from 'vue-loader/dist/pluginWebpack5'
-import { DefinePlugin } from 'webpack'
+import VueLoaderPlugin from 'vue-loader/dist/pluginWebpack5.js'
+import webpack from 'webpack'
 import VueSSRClientPlugin from '../plugins/vue/client'
 import VueSSRServerPlugin from '../plugins/vue/server'
 import { WebpackConfigContext } from '../utils/config'
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import { WebpackConfigContext } from '../utils/config'
 export function vue (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
   const { options, config } = ctx
 
-  config.plugins.push(new VueLoaderPlugin())
+  // @ts-ignore
+  config.plugins.push(new (VueLoaderPlugin.default || VueLoaderPlugin)())
 
   config.module.rules.push({
     test: /\.vue$/i,
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ export function vue (ctx: WebpackConfigContext) {
   // Feature flags
   // https://github.com/vuejs/vue-next/tree/master/packages/vue#bundler-build-feature-flags
   // TODO: Provide options to toggle
-  config.plugins.push(new DefinePlugin({
+  config.plugins.push(new webpack.DefinePlugin({
     __VUE_OPTIONS_API__: 'true',
     __VUE_PROD_DEVTOOLS__: 'false'
   }))
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/utils/babel-preset.js b/packages/webpack/src/utils/babel-preset.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/webpack/src/utils/babel-preset.js
rename to packages/webpack/src/utils/babel-preset.cjs
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/utils/config.ts b/packages/webpack/src/utils/config.ts
index 3777537333..62dd1367c9 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/utils/config.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/utils/config.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import consola from 'consola'
-import { cloneDeep } from 'lodash'
-import { Configuration } from 'webpack'
+import { cloneDeep } from 'lodash-es'
+import type { Configuration } from 'webpack'
 import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
 
 export interface WebpackConfigContext extends ReturnType<typeof createWebpackConfigContext>{ }
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/utils/mfs.ts b/packages/webpack/src/utils/mfs.ts
index 4852480456..af07fddd9c 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/utils/mfs.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/utils/mfs.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import path from 'pathe'
+import { join } from 'pathe'
 import pify from 'pify'
 import { Volume, createFsFromVolume } from 'memfs'
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export function createMFS () {
 
   // fs.join method is (still) expected by webpack-dev-middleware
   // There might be differences with https://github.com/webpack/memory-fs/blob/master/lib/join.js
-  _fs.join = path.join
+  _fs.join = join
 
   // Used by vue-renderer
   _fs.exists = p => Promise.resolve(_fs.existsSync(p))
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/utils/postcss.ts b/packages/webpack/src/utils/postcss.ts
index 25f22915e8..d40b3a0251 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/utils/postcss.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/utils/postcss.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import fs from 'fs'
-import path from 'pathe'
+import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import consola from 'consola'
-import { defaults, merge, cloneDeep } from 'lodash'
+import { createCommonJS } from 'mlly'
+import { defaults, merge, cloneDeep } from 'lodash-es'
 import createResolver from 'postcss-import-resolver'
 import { Nuxt, requireModule } from '@nuxt/kit'
 
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ export class PostcssConfig {
         '.postcssrc.json',
         '.postcssrc.yaml'
       ]) {
-        const configFile = path.resolve(dir, file)
+        const configFile = resolve(dir, file)
         if (fs.existsSync(configFile)) {
           postcssConfigFileWarning()
           return configFile
@@ -140,8 +141,9 @@ export class PostcssConfig {
   loadPlugins (config) {
     if (!isPureObject(config.plugins)) { return }
     // Map postcss plugins into instances on object mode once
+    const cjs = createCommonJS(import.meta.url)
     config.plugins = this.sortPlugins(config).map((pluginName) => {
-      const pluginFn = requireModule(pluginName, { paths: [__dirname] })
+      const pluginFn = requireModule(pluginName, { paths: [cjs.__dirname] })
       const pluginOptions = config.plugins[pluginName]
       if (!pluginOptions || typeof pluginFn !== 'function') { return null }
       return pluginFn(pluginOptions)
diff --git a/packages/webpack/src/webpack.ts b/packages/webpack/src/webpack.ts
index 048be95bbe..fd012779f9 100644
--- a/packages/webpack/src/webpack.ts
+++ b/packages/webpack/src/webpack.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from 'http'
-import path from 'pathe'
+import { resolve } from 'pathe'
 import pify from 'pify'
 import webpack from 'webpack'
 import Glob from 'glob'
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class WebpackBundler {
       )
       for (const ext of Object.keys(styleResources)) {
         await Promise.all(Array.from(styleResources[ext]).map(async (p) => {
-          const styleResourceFiles = await glob(path.resolve(this.nuxt.options.rootDir, p as string))
+          const styleResourceFiles = await glob(resolve(this.nuxt.options.rootDir, p as string))
 
           if (!styleResourceFiles || styleResourceFiles.length === 0) {
             throw new Error(`Style Resource not found: ${p}`)
diff --git a/test/fixtures/bridge/nuxt.config.ts b/test/fixtures/bridge/nuxt.config.ts
index e661e111d9..11b1c51a20 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/bridge/nuxt.config.ts
+++ b/test/fixtures/bridge/nuxt.config.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-import { defineNuxtConfig } from '@nuxt/kit'
-
 // @ts-ignore
 global.__NUXT_PREPATHS__ = (global.__NUXT_PREPATHS__ || []).concat(__dirname)
 
-export default defineNuxtConfig({
+export default {
   components: true,
   buildModules: [
     '@nuxt/bridge'
@@ -21,4 +19,4 @@ export default defineNuxtConfig({
   nitro: {
     output: { dir: process.env.NITRO_OUTPUT_DIR }
   }
-})
+}
diff --git a/test/fixtures/bridge/yarn.lock b/test/fixtures/bridge/yarn.lock
index f9ea187ffc..21492312f3 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/bridge/yarn.lock
+++ b/test/fixtures/bridge/yarn.lock
@@ -1690,9 +1690,9 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "@polka/url@npm:^1.0.0-next.20":
-  version: 1.0.0-next.20
-  resolution: "@polka/url@npm:1.0.0-next.20"
-  checksum: a37138ed3314606c7a8984368e29413e29b24f0b877588c161ccc5464daaa235a03bc62ebffe51063a9917f5542afb29c8181b877579b33570ec6d9304c42d2e
+  version: 1.0.0-next.21
+  resolution: "@polka/url@npm:1.0.0-next.21"
+  checksum: c7654046d38984257dd639eab3dc770d1b0340916097b2fac03ce5d23506ada684e05574a69b255c32ea6a144a957c8cd84264159b545fca031c772289d88788
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -1718,9 +1718,9 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "@types/node@npm:*":
-  version: 16.9.4
-  resolution: "@types/node@npm:16.9.4"
-  checksum: ae281eec8e0ead86fd5fd76f56312db85dce27d0ac086d07bc917df98e16af792adc4f26dab099698509e2c3704cbd17224ec8138e822d569e3cadfc15569a71
+  version: 16.10.2
+  resolution: "@types/node@npm:16.10.2"
+  checksum: 83c1c3c68e7500103908c3f16094e458879c840a719c15b6ea577f81fe1f24a1b3473bb6c8e8091fe79a82543ca7639c6b1088fcf80292ec091d1d1c9504a87e
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -2218,11 +2218,11 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "ansi-align@npm:^3.0.0":
-  version: 3.0.0
-  resolution: "ansi-align@npm:3.0.0"
+  version: 3.0.1
+  resolution: "ansi-align@npm:3.0.1"
   dependencies:
-    string-width: ^3.0.0
-  checksum: 6bc5f3712d28a899063845a15c5da75b2f350dda8ffac6098581619b80a85d249cdd23c3dc7b596cd31e44477382bcdedff47e31201eaa10bb9708c9fce45330
+    string-width: ^4.1.0
+  checksum: 6abfa08f2141d231c257162b15292467081fa49a208593e055c866aa0455b57f3a86b5a678c190c618faa79b4c59e254493099cb700dd9cf2293c6be2c8f5d8d
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -2258,14 +2258,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"ansi-regex@npm:^4.1.0":
-  version: 4.1.0
-  resolution: "ansi-regex@npm:4.1.0"
-  checksum: 97aa4659538d53e5e441f5ef2949a3cffcb838e57aeaad42c4194e9d7ddb37246a6526c4ca85d3940a9d1e19b11cc2e114530b54c9d700c8baf163c31779baf8
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"ansi-regex@npm:^5.0.0":
+"ansi-regex@npm:^5.0.1":
   version: 5.0.1
   resolution: "ansi-regex@npm:5.0.1"
   checksum: 2aa4bb54caf2d622f1afdad09441695af2a83aa3fe8b8afa581d205e57ed4261c183c4d3877cee25794443fde5876417d859c108078ab788d6af7e4fe52eb66b
@@ -2438,19 +2431,19 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "autoprefixer@npm:^9.6.1":
-  version: 9.8.6
-  resolution: "autoprefixer@npm:9.8.6"
+  version: 9.8.7
+  resolution: "autoprefixer@npm:9.8.7"
   dependencies:
     browserslist: ^4.12.0
     caniuse-lite: ^1.0.30001109
-    colorette: ^1.2.1
+    nanocolors: ^0.2.8
     normalize-range: ^0.1.2
     num2fraction: ^1.2.2
     postcss: ^7.0.32
     postcss-value-parser: ^4.1.0
   bin:
     autoprefixer: bin/autoprefixer
-  checksum: 46987bc3de6612f0276c3643061901e33cc5721d07aaeb6f0daf237554448884a59c0b17087bf0f00a07d940abcb5a6eaf2203b962c24fe33d52f76aa845cb70
+  checksum: d9c6cb1ee3497f6f9346e0ea8619a8bc85844cd7ec6a86dcd6e9f8d29eed2b1a7c80135852af53b2380fb8347cc5b080ea77c294faae707e799e7b9025a40e70
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -2492,14 +2485,14 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs3@npm:^0.2.2":
-  version: 0.2.4
-  resolution: "babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs3@npm:0.2.4"
+  version: 0.2.5
+  resolution: "babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs3@npm:0.2.5"
   dependencies:
     "@babel/helper-define-polyfill-provider": ^0.2.2
-    core-js-compat: ^3.14.0
+    core-js-compat: ^3.16.2
   peerDependencies:
     "@babel/core": ^7.0.0-0
-  checksum: 49e9b1709fd76bff8b577da38548d05ec0317acaa9cba893bf447af7b0f26494d635b70814452782d079b2b6f25c09dd8fa76e151c0e4ae1397e8295af14e685
+  checksum: 7d464001f6cecc6b85aef71307e3ef17980b15aae4b2ae75d38a3fc3166005f6354932f9c694566970a3fb428f8fbc44f94c46e055a5a85b7fe8820ca16f85b6
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -2734,18 +2727,18 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"browserslist@npm:^4.0.0, browserslist@npm:^4.12.0, browserslist@npm:^4.16.6, browserslist@npm:^4.17.0, browserslist@npm:^4.6.4":
-  version: 4.17.0
-  resolution: "browserslist@npm:4.17.0"
+"browserslist@npm:^4.0.0, browserslist@npm:^4.12.0, browserslist@npm:^4.16.6, browserslist@npm:^4.17.1, browserslist@npm:^4.6.4":
+  version: 4.17.2
+  resolution: "browserslist@npm:4.17.2"
   dependencies:
-    caniuse-lite: ^1.0.30001254
-    colorette: ^1.3.0
-    electron-to-chromium: ^1.3.830
+    caniuse-lite: ^1.0.30001261
+    electron-to-chromium: ^1.3.854
     escalade: ^3.1.1
-    node-releases: ^1.1.75
+    nanocolors: ^0.2.12
+    node-releases: ^1.1.76
   bin:
     browserslist: cli.js
-  checksum: 9b45ec283d7ba1513bd8be6143dadb34a65e8be7f7210b3a2bce947e019184408df6126238e54f8061e9be74362b19d04eaba739b3ee0d5d41d57ac0ae5fe4cd
+  checksum: 9102023e8a8f541110c2905854d8398245811dfa6a02c3c94a0862c402f11fd42900cd595cb8494e5ee1104120b40e4721108219931bdbb4c59855f138e684da
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -2968,10 +2961,10 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.0, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30000981, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30001109, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30001228, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30001254":
-  version: 1.0.30001258
-  resolution: "caniuse-lite@npm:1.0.30001258"
-  checksum: 2e87875a7792444f18060f836dbe1a3fcf58dcdd4608c63725dac503aadd617c2bb771c766963fb31528c10fd55201a7cf3ece555a3e754f94ee4a991626c302
+"caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.0, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30000981, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30001109, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30001228, caniuse-lite@npm:^1.0.30001261":
+  version: 1.0.30001263
+  resolution: "caniuse-lite@npm:1.0.30001263"
+  checksum: 0657b995276a35aaa9ff6900b6e9d3876ef049c8d6065fe9f162cc0b9ac00d8b9c6e6740e87def73876a522dce8e9124170334c157cfbf5c383b7c6db79e520e
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -3079,7 +3072,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"ci-info@npm:^3.0.0, ci-info@npm:^3.1.1":
+"ci-info@npm:^3.1.1":
   version: 3.2.0
   resolution: "ci-info@npm:3.2.0"
   checksum: c68995a94e95ce3f233ff845e62dfc56f2e8ff1e3f5c1361bcdd520cbbc9726d8a54cbc1a685cb9ee19c3c5e71a1dade6dda23eb364b59b8e6c32508a9b761bc
@@ -3227,7 +3220,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"colorette@npm:^1.2.1, colorette@npm:^1.2.2, colorette@npm:^1.3.0":
+"colorette@npm:^1.2.2":
   version: 1.4.0
   resolution: "colorette@npm:1.4.0"
   checksum: 01c3c16058b182a4ab4c126a65a75faa4d38a20fa7c845090b25453acec6c371bb2c5dceb0a2338511f17902b9d1a9af0cadd8509c9403894b79311032c256c3
@@ -3398,13 +3391,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"core-js-compat@npm:^3.12.1, core-js-compat@npm:^3.14.0, core-js-compat@npm:^3.16.0":
-  version: 3.18.0
-  resolution: "core-js-compat@npm:3.18.0"
+"core-js-compat@npm:^3.12.1, core-js-compat@npm:^3.16.0, core-js-compat@npm:^3.16.2":
+  version: 3.18.1
+  resolution: "core-js-compat@npm:3.18.1"
   dependencies:
-    browserslist: ^4.17.0
+    browserslist: ^4.17.1
     semver: 7.0.0
-  checksum: 2bf11676215d912c099078564bbbd837ff6b4a18635661414f3d72b4b78bee883117d583645629999407f910be311624d0380aefec69b3b77ef91001bcb30b19
+  checksum: d7afbd879fa1fd6bd20778308bfafc8b4993b13a4c24cb0793baad4b027d13f59fef78b867137b0a570df708ea2d0766a067d8c5b3dc4e5e4747d70dc91e1c98
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -3416,9 +3409,9 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "core-js@npm:^3":
-  version: 3.18.0
-  resolution: "core-js@npm:3.18.0"
-  checksum: 192c345eb0c8b9d582ebed798cf124e00cd8241303c3c801987563f8ebb8cb991e2ff91494c258752014c29d5515070d2c0a862687401c7d7e1e2f96f8980d42
+  version: 3.18.1
+  resolution: "core-js@npm:3.18.1"
+  checksum: 89cac0fe657df722d10b0e658ee76af12a614c0a75fe3fb11e87c2e3f27f6d7e609e3bf40748da5d8feb055b0535766a583ff1d1ac89dba57105f6f1ad64dc21
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -4096,10 +4089,10 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"electron-to-chromium@npm:^1.3.830":
-  version: 1.3.843
-  resolution: "electron-to-chromium@npm:1.3.843"
-  checksum: 4adb18cf1c0f3ee8014fe6976c3e9a2c5f05353a9fd9712cf95a578ede66cd3d85106a764b6d0291c81ca31edcd8f5da4a2f7606858a11e31e410c1e6ea3f303
+"electron-to-chromium@npm:^1.3.854":
+  version: 1.3.857
+  resolution: "electron-to-chromium@npm:1.3.857"
+  checksum: 59d3dcf7ec7d3c8209647cadb6cc9d2a14b9ef9cb2ae7c9837c9dbe38301838e6629bfa002121d3dc4c00e982327d6337d6d5460902f02f8a80d0d81c63f1728
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -4118,13 +4111,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"emoji-regex@npm:^7.0.1":
-  version: 7.0.3
-  resolution: "emoji-regex@npm:7.0.3"
-  checksum: 9159b2228b1511f2870ac5920f394c7e041715429a68459ebe531601555f11ea782a8e1718f969df2711d38c66268174407cbca57ce36485544f695c2dfdc96e
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "emoji-regex@npm:^8.0.0":
   version: 8.0.0
   resolution: "emoji-regex@npm:8.0.0"
@@ -4226,8 +4212,8 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "es-abstract@npm:^1.17.2, es-abstract@npm:^1.18.0-next.2, es-abstract@npm:^1.18.2":
-  version: 1.18.6
-  resolution: "es-abstract@npm:1.18.6"
+  version: 1.19.0
+  resolution: "es-abstract@npm:1.19.0"
   dependencies:
     call-bind: ^1.0.2
     es-to-primitive: ^1.2.1
@@ -4240,14 +4226,16 @@ __metadata:
     is-callable: ^1.2.4
     is-negative-zero: ^2.0.1
     is-regex: ^1.1.4
+    is-shared-array-buffer: ^1.0.1
     is-string: ^1.0.7
+    is-weakref: ^1.0.1
     object-inspect: ^1.11.0
     object-keys: ^1.1.1
     object.assign: ^4.1.2
     string.prototype.trimend: ^1.0.4
     string.prototype.trimstart: ^1.0.4
     unbox-primitive: ^1.0.1
-  checksum: 8903ed187a9f66a8b21385401770124b37ded75a9cd99c7ea22e709ca667e7b549f37dc8bf9bf458a6cdb908c95a16fed389e2871bb3a28bfaab46db555cb1f3
+  checksum: 107eaf54c72405c4956211aae5ee13fab95582ad40efa3890355a4f6a65fe48b6968fe9e36e9a4f408d330d56655703cf214fa750776c07990dc189ffe67cd26
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -4911,8 +4899,8 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "glob@npm:^7.1.3, glob@npm:^7.1.4, glob@npm:^7.1.6, glob@npm:^7.1.7":
-  version: 7.1.7
-  resolution: "glob@npm:7.1.7"
+  version: 7.2.0
+  resolution: "glob@npm:7.2.0"
   dependencies:
     fs.realpath: ^1.0.0
     inflight: ^1.0.4
@@ -4920,7 +4908,7 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
     minimatch: ^3.0.4
     once: ^1.3.0
     path-is-absolute: ^1.0.0
-  checksum: b61f48973bbdcf5159997b0874a2165db572b368b931135832599875919c237fc05c12984e38fe828e69aa8a921eb0e8a4997266211c517c9cfaae8a93988bb8
+  checksum: 78a8ea942331f08ed2e055cb5b9e40fe6f46f579d7fd3d694f3412fe5db23223d29b7fee1575440202e9a7ff9a72ab106a39fee39934c7bedafe5e5f8ae20134
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -5597,11 +5585,11 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "is-core-module@npm:^2.2.0":
-  version: 2.6.0
-  resolution: "is-core-module@npm:2.6.0"
+  version: 2.7.0
+  resolution: "is-core-module@npm:2.7.0"
   dependencies:
     has: ^1.0.3
-  checksum: 183b3b96fed19822b13959876b0317e61fc2cb5ebcbc21639904c81f7ae328af57f8e18cc4750a9c4abebd686130c70d34a89521e57dbe002edfa4614507ce18
+  checksum: 8ec6dc714438ef9dc4dae10c94d21bd5aa67244da7e85bd9e42f0fd298514181214f6bebe358a486477c1242458b170ad7a8c936be0be15d465862fa61d3d1c7
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -5726,11 +5714,11 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "is-glob@npm:^4.0.0, is-glob@npm:^4.0.1, is-glob@npm:~4.0.1":
-  version: 4.0.1
-  resolution: "is-glob@npm:4.0.1"
+  version: 4.0.3
+  resolution: "is-glob@npm:4.0.3"
   dependencies:
     is-extglob: ^2.1.1
-  checksum: 84627cad11b4e745f5db5a163f32c47b711585a5ff6e14f8f8d026db87f4cdd3e2c95f6fa1f94ad22e469f36d819ae2814f03f9c668b164422ac3354a94672d3
+  checksum: d381c1319fcb69d341cc6e6c7cd588e17cd94722d9a32dbd60660b993c4fb7d0f19438674e68dfec686d09b7c73139c9166b47597f846af387450224a8101ab4
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -5813,6 +5801,13 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"is-shared-array-buffer@npm:^1.0.1":
+  version: 1.0.1
+  resolution: "is-shared-array-buffer@npm:1.0.1"
+  checksum: 2ffb92533e64e2876e6cfe6906871d28400b6f1a53130fe652ec8007bc0e5044d05e7af8e31bdc992fbba520bd92938cfbeedd0f286be92f250c7c76191c4d90
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "is-ssh@npm:^1.3.0":
   version: 1.3.3
   resolution: "is-ssh@npm:1.3.3"
@@ -5847,6 +5842,15 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"is-weakref@npm:^1.0.1":
+  version: 1.0.1
+  resolution: "is-weakref@npm:1.0.1"
+  dependencies:
+    call-bind: ^1.0.0
+  checksum: fdafb7b955671dd2f9658ff47c86e4025c0650fc68a3542a40e5a75898a763b1abd6b1e1f9f13207eed49541cdd76af67d73c44989ea358b201b70274cf8f6c1
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "is-windows@npm:^1.0.2":
   version: 1.0.2
   resolution: "is-windows@npm:1.0.2"
@@ -5903,11 +5907,11 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "jiti@npm:^1.9.2":
-  version: 1.12.0
-  resolution: "jiti@npm:1.12.0"
+  version: 1.12.5
+  resolution: "jiti@npm:1.12.5"
   bin:
     jiti: bin/jiti.js
-  checksum: 7490f80be8504f107c0983f9e6dd38ff55764f295a334075580468d01d63a2c7057be1847e389ae3c86e09cfcd60e653b51a2c00ca4d175a26e392eb3471f96a
+  checksum: 00a1674f38b77c725597c175389da67894d08b386d1d3dac9ecafec3abaf75793b2ea369ed2e688f2e03f495488c843da790c111cc5e24aa533c09051a6fe704
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -6436,14 +6440,7 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"mime-db@npm:1.49.0":
-  version: 1.49.0
-  resolution: "mime-db@npm:1.49.0"
-  checksum: 3744efc45b17896ff8a5934a761c434d5ffe3c7816662002d799ca9934347e00f99ae4d9b4ddf1c48d391cc9e522cc4523a6e77e7701f8e27c426e3e1d6e215a
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"mime-db@npm:>= 1.43.0 < 2":
+"mime-db@npm:1.50.0, mime-db@npm:>= 1.43.0 < 2":
   version: 1.50.0
   resolution: "mime-db@npm:1.50.0"
   checksum: 95fcc19c3664ae72391c8a7e4015dde7fb6817c98c951493ca3a1d48050feb8ee08810a372ce7d9e16310042d26e5bda168916f600583a9a583655eeea8ff5f5
@@ -6451,11 +6448,11 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "mime-types@npm:^2.1.19, mime-types@npm:^2.1.27, mime-types@npm:^2.1.30, mime-types@npm:~2.1.24":
-  version: 2.1.32
-  resolution: "mime-types@npm:2.1.32"
+  version: 2.1.33
+  resolution: "mime-types@npm:2.1.33"
   dependencies:
-    mime-db: 1.49.0
-  checksum: 4487dfd2f872126d2c219ec731ad47a6169a438d5a4cce6ecef7594ce08eaefaf0d85429485a76ec005f095016c7ec488a24cf8bfcc0ea06de0355e23395746f
+    mime-db: 1.50.0
+  checksum: 05f2a0b3f169fbc51d79bdc7674ceb379dd07dbeadb0143059a7def865224686ee9f9051aeb340e98b6c11dbc06794ce0122181db4312cb1ad054fd90b0d510e
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -6706,12 +6703,19 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"nanocolors@npm:^0.2.12, nanocolors@npm:^0.2.2, nanocolors@npm:^0.2.8":
+  version: 0.2.12
+  resolution: "nanocolors@npm:0.2.12"
+  checksum: a34a63dcca29eede3db41afd1421f130423fc99e73f6c89166f57815bbf0441f02a6112651b068acfd309707215f48eec15dd38e790a8225d6762503a7c175c6
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "nanoid@npm:^3.1.23":
-  version: 3.1.25
-  resolution: "nanoid@npm:3.1.25"
+  version: 3.1.28
+  resolution: "nanoid@npm:3.1.28"
   bin:
     nanoid: bin/nanoid.cjs
-  checksum: e2353828c7d8fde65265e9c981380102e2021f292038a93fd27288bad390339833286e8cbc7531abe1cb2c6b317e55f38b895dcb775151637bb487388558e0ff
+  checksum: ae2fa9f3ce7a690ec62fc2fdf92345f023b20db760024f767c25ad392bde6414dc0b44a8e66dc1209426f36e4771e63b09ad2b49d8f1b04063b37e21b46af8d0
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -6768,9 +6772,11 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "node-fetch@npm:^2.6.1":
-  version: 2.6.2
-  resolution: "node-fetch@npm:2.6.2"
-  checksum: de367eae1dfbc0e12283c1cf92256ea7fba7eac8655e2e51ebb217727162396fc6cf24689ef9fc6accf075e3991e2ffaa061f7cfaa958215329649b2297ff06d
+  version: 2.6.5
+  resolution: "node-fetch@npm:2.6.5"
+  dependencies:
+    whatwg-url: ^5.0.0
+  checksum: 4e83db450718e70762882f00d96f647a7f2f3170035225934ddd5450cb1d91ef339ceb180d3687bcb0a6ed78c3fa5636ce8d3e44ec81ab59e0224ebf8965f65f
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -6842,10 +6848,10 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"node-releases@npm:^1.1.75":
-  version: 1.1.76
-  resolution: "node-releases@npm:1.1.76"
-  checksum: 10174cb880fffbb2896954599a2551da66127dd3c65703c827536fe9a4b4431545a9e3378c2006fb5ba59d0f0764ceff87c9f7eb0e84fabf7958411fccd0edd1
+"node-releases@npm:^1.1.76":
+  version: 1.1.77
+  resolution: "node-releases@npm:1.1.77"
+  checksum: eb2fcb45310e7d77f82bfdadeca546a698d258e011f15d88ad9a452a5e838a672ec532906581096ca19c66284a788330c3b09227ffc540e67228730f41b9c2e2
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -8249,13 +8255,12 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "postcss@npm:^7.0.0, postcss@npm:^7.0.1, postcss@npm:^7.0.14, postcss@npm:^7.0.17, postcss@npm:^7.0.2, postcss@npm:^7.0.27, postcss@npm:^7.0.32, postcss@npm:^7.0.36, postcss@npm:^7.0.5, postcss@npm:^7.0.6":
-  version: 7.0.36
-  resolution: "postcss@npm:7.0.36"
+  version: 7.0.38
+  resolution: "postcss@npm:7.0.38"
   dependencies:
-    chalk: ^2.4.2
+    nanocolors: ^0.2.2
     source-map: ^0.6.1
-    supports-color: ^6.1.0
-  checksum: 4cfc0989b9ad5d0e8971af80d87f9c5beac5c84cb89ff22ad69852edf73c0a2fa348e7e0a135b5897bf893edad0fe86c428769050431ad9b532f072ff530828d
+  checksum: 737ba0355721880532167d3fbdc580a5ba95a5398b86f3ace610eff99aa11f3c32eb8eac0cfd8ea201a5372f43af3ed7bb6e7643263956fe1d36e927aaf3c4d4
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -9117,9 +9122,9 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "signal-exit@npm:^3.0.0, signal-exit@npm:^3.0.2, signal-exit@npm:^3.0.3":
-  version: 3.0.4
-  resolution: "signal-exit@npm:3.0.4"
-  checksum: e72633b05df8d65035a0b31718b1a587f55b25953a8e7b959f6c3a963cc0abcb70a0d78a7e0792bc104c874525efdc619e823095d382a775641e3867b1b68c54
+  version: 3.0.5
+  resolution: "signal-exit@npm:3.0.5"
+  checksum: a1d3d0d63f581bd298b30ed8f6de21b73a0fe5a0c0f123b2e8ed7168bbff8f4c1a45e681de12a1966a89bb725d8eb727816be1c436e136951f31953e4a201587
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -9377,11 +9382,11 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "std-env@npm:^2.2.1, std-env@npm:^2.3.0":
-  version: 2.3.0
-  resolution: "std-env@npm:2.3.0"
+  version: 2.3.1
+  resolution: "std-env@npm:2.3.1"
   dependencies:
-    ci-info: ^3.0.0
-  checksum: da0b81e217d920770448e53d660b6b0800d3f6fde201812cb7f5505a6fffe578b21188301214fecc227cc2db6849eb736f6d1975e5fa7ee179e9240da81fc88b
+    ci-info: ^3.1.1
+  checksum: 049be0d6fb7ff544b3061a53ccaddd3ab2f6930f50b432f54dc82b22cb813c6e408ed69807c7c6bc592fccfc92d5c431dcc1aacd7c9ca99d304948f3149a08da
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -9460,25 +9465,14 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"string-width@npm:^3.0.0":
-  version: 3.1.0
-  resolution: "string-width@npm:3.1.0"
-  dependencies:
-    emoji-regex: ^7.0.1
-    is-fullwidth-code-point: ^2.0.0
-    strip-ansi: ^5.1.0
-  checksum: 57f7ca73d201682816d573dc68bd4bb8e1dff8dc9fcf10470fdfc3474135c97175fec12ea6a159e67339b41e86963112355b64529489af6e7e70f94a7caf08b2
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "string-width@npm:^4.0.0, string-width@npm:^4.1.0, string-width@npm:^4.2.2":
-  version: 4.2.2
-  resolution: "string-width@npm:4.2.2"
+  version: 4.2.3
+  resolution: "string-width@npm:4.2.3"
   dependencies:
     emoji-regex: ^8.0.0
     is-fullwidth-code-point: ^3.0.0
-    strip-ansi: ^6.0.0
-  checksum: 343e089b0e66e0f72aab4ad1d9b6f2c9cc5255844b0c83fd9b53f2a3b3fd0421bdd6cb05be96a73117eb012db0887a6c1d64ca95aaa50c518e48980483fea0ab
+    strip-ansi: ^6.0.1
+  checksum: e52c10dc3fbfcd6c3a15f159f54a90024241d0f149cf8aed2982a2d801d2e64df0bf1dc351cf8e95c3319323f9f220c16e740b06faecd53e2462df1d2b5443fb
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -9538,21 +9532,12 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"strip-ansi@npm:^5.1.0":
-  version: 5.2.0
-  resolution: "strip-ansi@npm:5.2.0"
+"strip-ansi@npm:^6.0.0, strip-ansi@npm:^6.0.1":
+  version: 6.0.1
+  resolution: "strip-ansi@npm:6.0.1"
   dependencies:
-    ansi-regex: ^4.1.0
-  checksum: bdb5f76ade97062bd88e7723aa019adbfacdcba42223b19ccb528ffb9fb0b89a5be442c663c4a3fb25268eaa3f6ea19c7c3fbae830bd1562d55adccae1fcec46
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"strip-ansi@npm:^6.0.0":
-  version: 6.0.0
-  resolution: "strip-ansi@npm:6.0.0"
-  dependencies:
-    ansi-regex: ^5.0.0
-  checksum: 04c3239ede44c4d195b0e66c0ad58b932f08bec7d05290416d361ff908ad282ecdaf5d9731e322c84f151d427436bde01f05b7422c3ec26dd927586736b0e5d0
+    ansi-regex: ^5.0.1
+  checksum: f3cd25890aef3ba6e1a74e20896c21a46f482e93df4a06567cebf2b57edabb15133f1f94e57434e0a958d61186087b1008e89c94875d019910a213181a14fc8c
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -9603,15 +9588,6 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"supports-color@npm:^6.1.0":
-  version: 6.1.0
-  resolution: "supports-color@npm:6.1.0"
-  dependencies:
-    has-flag: ^3.0.0
-  checksum: 74358f9535c83ee113fbaac354b11e808060f6e7d8722082ee43af3578469134e89d00026dce2a6b93ce4e5b89d0e9a10f638b2b9f64c7838c2fb2883a47b3d5
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "supports-color@npm:^7.0.0, supports-color@npm:^7.1.0":
   version: 7.2.0
   resolution: "supports-color@npm:7.2.0"
@@ -9724,15 +9700,15 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   linkType: hard
 
 "terser@npm:^5.3.4":
-  version: 5.8.0
-  resolution: "terser@npm:5.8.0"
+  version: 5.9.0
+  resolution: "terser@npm:5.9.0"
   dependencies:
     commander: ^2.20.0
     source-map: ~0.7.2
     source-map-support: ~0.5.20
   bin:
     terser: bin/terser
-  checksum: 770b7d3fad7eece4a423464a9774e4456b7aca70b869d0c783bde42d7453fac2670ef7532dbce0a5a6f79038c367f2cb6353995190b730e2c52cb4914f3d671e
+  checksum: 11c1246b1991015a8881742878af779e3863fad42f626ffda957dbf28c94bf51e7994cffb9ffbec86ff3c23ab45ffa6d79d453c15e664306e35fc7b2c4eee5f4
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -9877,6 +9853,13 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"tr46@npm:~0.0.3":
+  version: 0.0.3
+  resolution: "tr46@npm:0.0.3"
+  checksum: 726321c5eaf41b5002e17ffbd1fb7245999a073e8979085dacd47c4b4e8068ff5777142fc6726d6ca1fd2ff16921b48788b87225cbc57c72636f6efa8efbffe3
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "ts-pnp@npm:^1.1.6":
   version: 1.2.0
   resolution: "ts-pnp@npm:1.2.0"
@@ -10380,6 +10363,13 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"webidl-conversions@npm:^3.0.0":
+  version: 3.0.1
+  resolution: "webidl-conversions@npm:3.0.1"
+  checksum: c92a0a6ab95314bde9c32e1d0a6dfac83b578f8fa5f21e675bc2706ed6981bc26b7eb7e6a1fab158e5ce4adf9caa4a0aee49a52505d4d13c7be545f15021b17c
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "webpack-bundle-analyzer@npm:^4.4.1":
   version: 4.4.2
   resolution: "webpack-bundle-analyzer@npm:4.4.2"
@@ -10500,6 +10490,16 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"whatwg-url@npm:^5.0.0":
+  version: 5.0.0
+  resolution: "whatwg-url@npm:5.0.0"
+  dependencies:
+    tr46: ~0.0.3
+    webidl-conversions: ^3.0.0
+  checksum: b8daed4ad3356cc4899048a15b2c143a9aed0dfae1f611ebd55073310c7b910f522ad75d727346ad64203d7e6c79ef25eafd465f4d12775ca44b90fa82ed9e2c
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "which-boxed-primitive@npm:^1.0.2":
   version: 1.0.2
   resolution: "which-boxed-primitive@npm:1.0.2"
diff --git a/test/presets/_tests.mjs b/test/presets/_tests.mjs
index 7db7df250c..fd30e4711f 100644
--- a/test/presets/_tests.mjs
+++ b/test/presets/_tests.mjs
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import { fixtureDir, resolveWorkspace } from '../utils.mjs'
 
 const isBridge = Boolean(process.env.TEST_BRIDGE)
 
-export function importModule (path) {
+export function importModule(path) {
   return import(pathToFileURL(path).href)
 }
 
-export function setupTest (preset) {
+export function setupTest(preset) {
   const fixture = isBridge ? 'bridge' : 'basic'
   const rootDir = fixtureDir(fixture)
   const buildDir = resolve(rootDir, '.nuxt-' + preset)
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export function setupTest (preset) {
     this.timeout(60000)
     const nuxtCLI = isBridge
       ? resolve(ctx.rootDir, 'node_modules/nuxt/bin/nuxt.js')
-      : resolveWorkspace('packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.cjs')
+      : resolveWorkspace('packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.mjs')
 
     await execa('node', [nuxtCLI, 'build', ctx.rootDir], {
       env: {
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ export function setupTest (preset) {
   return ctx
 }
 
-export async function startServer (ctx, handle) {
+export async function startServer(ctx, handle) {
   ctx.server = await listen(handle)
 }
 
-export function testNitroBehavior (_ctx, getHandler) {
+export function testNitroBehavior(_ctx, getHandler) {
   let handler
 
   it('setup handler', async () => {
diff --git a/test/utils.mjs b/test/utils.mjs
index 2f70ba0cae..94e5825b08 100644
--- a/test/utils.mjs
+++ b/test/utils.mjs
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 import { existsSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync, rmSync, mkdirSync } from 'fs'
 import { execSync } from 'child_process'
 import { resolve, dirname } from 'pathe'
-import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'
 import defu from 'defu'
 import hash from 'object-hash'
 import execa from 'execa'
+import { createCommonJS } from 'mlly'
 
-const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))
+const cjs = createCommonJS(import.meta.url)
 
 export function resolveWorkspace (name) {
-  return resolve(__dirname, '../', name)
+  return resolve(cjs.__dirname, '../', name)
 }
 
 export function fixtureDir (name) {
-  return resolve(__dirname, 'fixtures', name)
+  return resolve(cjs.__dirname, 'fixtures', name)
 }
 
 export async function execNuxtCLI (args, opts) {
-  const nuxtCLI = resolveWorkspace('packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.cjs')
+  const nuxtCLI = resolveWorkspace('packages/nuxi/bin/nuxi.mjs')
   await execa('node', [nuxtCLI, ...args], opts)
 }
 
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
index 82b4c0b2d6..6321141b31 100644
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
   "compilerOptions": {
-    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": false,
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
     "skipLibCheck": true,
     "target": "ESNext",
     "module": "ESNext",
@@ -15,8 +16,12 @@
       "chai"
     ],
     "paths": {
-      "#app": ["./packages/nuxt3/src/app/index"],
-      "#app/*": ["./packages/nuxt3/src/app/*"]
+      "#app": [
+        "./packages/nuxt3/src/app/index"
+      ],
+      "#app/*": [
+        "./packages/nuxt3/src/app/*"
+      ]
     }
   },
   "exclude": [
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 7c4c1db94f..e90c784f71 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1448,6 +1448,7 @@ __metadata:
     estree-walker: ^2.0.2
     fs-extra: ^10.0.0
     magic-string: ^0.25.7
+    mlly: ^0.2.2
     node-fetch: ^3.0.0
     nuxi: ^0.10.0
     nuxt-swc: ^0.1.0
@@ -1492,7 +1493,7 @@ __metadata:
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "@nuxt/kit@workspace:packages/kit"
   dependencies:
-    "@types/lodash": ^4.14.175
+    "@types/lodash.template": ^4
     consola: ^2.15.3
     create-require: ^1.1.1
     defu: ^5.0.0
@@ -1501,7 +1502,7 @@ __metadata:
     hash-sum: ^2.0.0
     hookable: ^5.0.0
     jiti: ^1.12.6
-    lodash: ^4.17.21
+    lodash.template: ^4.5.0
     pathe: ^0.2.0
     rc9: ^1.2.0
     scule: ^0.2.1
@@ -1559,6 +1560,7 @@ __metadata:
     jiti: ^1.12.6
     listhen: ^0.2.4
     mime: ^2.5.2
+    mlly: ^0.2.2
     node-fetch: ^3.0.0
     ohmyfetch: ^0.3.1
     ora: ^6.0.1
@@ -1575,7 +1577,6 @@ __metadata:
     unbuild: latest
     unenv: ^0.3.10
     unstorage: ^0.2.8
-    upath: ^2.0.1
     vue: 3.2.19
     vue-bundle-renderer: ^0.3.1
     vue-server-renderer: ^2.6.14
@@ -1643,9 +1644,10 @@ __metadata:
     fs-extra: ^10.0.0
     glob: ^7.2.0
     hash-sum: ^2.0.0
-    lodash: ^4.17.21
+    lodash-es: ^4.17.21
     memfs: ^3.3.0
     mini-css-extract-plugin: ^2.3.0
+    mlly: ^0.2.2
     pathe: ^0.2.0
     pify: ^5.0.0
     postcss: ^8.3.8
@@ -2281,7 +2283,16 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@types/lodash@npm:^4.14.175":
+"@types/lodash.template@npm:^4":
+  version: 4.5.0
+  resolution: "@types/lodash.template@npm:4.5.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@types/lodash": "*"
+  checksum: 7650ecfad4ee1d51404913891f74f48c7837ba9b66fd4681624c943fa8df85231e5efb5339927f6542e9ef4bedb6aaac99f6e878118f2bdb04198bc86013209a
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@types/lodash@npm:*":
   version: 4.14.175
   resolution: "@types/lodash@npm:4.14.175"
   checksum: 50721f33faa542f1b9f62f2ba769ed353c6036711e92bd89ce569f2ed247e38fb2a2899f6fd46466b1690fea7ae0239471e6a6093c54e8f2b0613e43e8eac19c
@@ -8827,6 +8838,13 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"lodash-es@npm:^4.17.21":
+  version: 4.17.21
+  resolution: "lodash-es@npm:4.17.21"
+  checksum: 05cbffad6e2adbb331a4e16fbd826e7faee403a1a04873b82b42c0f22090f280839f85b95393f487c1303c8a3d2a010048bf06151a6cbe03eee4d388fb0a12d2
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "lodash._reinterpolate@npm:^3.0.0":
   version: 3.0.0
   resolution: "lodash._reinterpolate@npm:3.0.0"
@@ -9460,7 +9478,7 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"mlly@npm:^0.2.4":
+"mlly@npm:^0.2.2, mlly@npm:^0.2.4":
   version: 0.2.4
   resolution: "mlly@npm:0.2.4"
   dependencies:
@@ -10050,6 +10068,7 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
     fsevents: ~2.3.2
     jiti: ^1.12.6
     listhen: ^0.2.4
+    mlly: ^0.2.2
     mri: ^1.2.0
     pathe: ^0.2.0
     scule: ^0.2.1
@@ -10059,8 +10078,8 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
     fsevents:
       optional: true
   bin:
-    nu: ./bin/nuxi.cjs
-    nuxi: ./bin/nuxi.cjs
+    nu: ./bin/nuxi.mjs
+    nuxi: ./bin/nuxi.mjs
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -10153,6 +10172,7 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
     hash-sum: ^2.0.0
     hookable: ^5.0.0
     ignore: ^5.1.8
+    mlly: ^0.2.2
     nuxi: ^0.10.0
     ohmyfetch: ^0.3.1
     pathe: ^0.2.0
@@ -10169,7 +10189,7 @@ fsevents@~2.3.2:
     "@vue/shared": 3.2.19
     vue: 3.2.19
   bin:
-    nuxt: ./bin/nuxt.cjs
+    nuxt: ./bin/nuxt.mjs
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft