diff --git a/packages/kit/src/internal/cjs.ts b/packages/kit/src/internal/cjs.ts
index 7e30acfec7..b2c01e8c69 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/internal/cjs.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/internal/cjs.ts
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function getRequireCacheItem (id: string) {
   }
 }
 
-export function getModulePaths (paths?: string[] | string) {
+export function getNodeModulesPaths (paths?: string[] | string) {
   return ([] as Array<string | undefined>).concat(
     global.__NUXT_PREPATHS__,
     paths || [],
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export function getModulePaths (paths?: string[] | string) {
 /** @deprecated Do not use CJS utils */
 export function resolveModule (id: string, opts: ResolveModuleOptions = {}) {
   return normalize(_require.resolve(id, {
-    paths: getModulePaths(opts.paths),
+    paths: getNodeModulesPaths(opts.paths),
   }))
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/internal/template.ts b/packages/kit/src/internal/template.ts
index 5b40a2a214..343393e5ec 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/internal/template.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/internal/template.ts
@@ -32,10 +32,11 @@ const serialize = (data: any) => JSON.stringify(data, null, 2).replace(/"\{(.+)\
 /** @deprecated */
 const importSources = (sources: string | string[], { lazy = false } = {}) => {
   return toArray(sources).map((src) => {
+    const safeVariableName = genSafeVariableName(src)
     if (lazy) {
-      return `const ${genSafeVariableName(src)} = ${genDynamicImport(src, { comment: `webpackChunkName: ${JSON.stringify(src)}` })}`
+      return `const ${safeVariableName} = ${genDynamicImport(src, { comment: `webpackChunkName: ${JSON.stringify(src)}` })}`
     }
-    return genImport(src, genSafeVariableName(src))
+    return genImport(src, safeVariableName)
   }).join('\n')
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/loader/config.ts b/packages/kit/src/loader/config.ts
index b2c4d1b883..8e2c1354a9 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/loader/config.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/loader/config.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,12 @@ export interface LoadNuxtConfigOptions extends Omit<LoadConfigOptions<NuxtConfig
 }
 
 const layerSchemaKeys = ['future', 'srcDir', 'rootDir', 'dir']
-const layerSchema = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(NuxtConfigSchema).filter(([key]) => layerSchemaKeys.includes(key)))
+const layerSchema = Object.create(null)
+for (const key of layerSchemaKeys) {
+  if (key in NuxtConfigSchema) {
+    layerSchema[key] = NuxtConfigSchema[key]
+  }
+}
 
 export async function loadNuxtConfig (opts: LoadNuxtConfigOptions): Promise<NuxtOptions> {
   // Automatically detect and import layers from `~~/layers/` directory
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/module/compatibility.ts b/packages/kit/src/module/compatibility.ts
index 446e7e3fce..5bccbf8654 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/module/compatibility.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/module/compatibility.ts
@@ -51,11 +51,10 @@ export async function getNuxtModuleVersion (module: string | NuxtModule, nuxt: N
   // need a name from here
   if (!moduleMeta.name) { return false }
   // maybe the version got attached within the installed module instance?
-  const version = nuxt.options._installedModules
-    // @ts-expect-error _installedModules is not typed
-    .filter(m => m.meta.name === moduleMeta.name).map(m => m.meta.version)?.[0]
-  if (version) {
-    return version
+  for (const m of nuxt.options._installedModules) {
+    if (m.meta.name === moduleMeta.name && m.meta.version) {
+      return m.meta.version
+    }
   }
   // it's possible that the module will be installed, it just hasn't been done yet, preemptively load the instance
   if (hasNuxtModule(moduleMeta.name)) {
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/pages.ts b/packages/kit/src/pages.ts
index a5f7fc1d3e..04c7592a55 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/pages.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/pages.ts
@@ -51,11 +51,12 @@ export function addRouteMiddleware (input: NuxtMiddleware | NuxtMiddleware[], op
     for (const middleware of middlewares) {
       const find = app.middleware.findIndex(item => item.name === middleware.name)
       if (find >= 0) {
-        if (app.middleware[find].path === middleware.path) { continue }
+        const foundPath = app.middleware[find].path
+        if (foundPath === middleware.path) { continue }
         if (options.override === true) {
           app.middleware[find] = { ...middleware }
         } else {
-          logger.warn(`'${middleware.name}' middleware already exists at '${app.middleware[find].path}'. You can set \`override: true\` to replace it.`)
+          logger.warn(`'${middleware.name}' middleware already exists at '${foundPath}'. You can set \`override: true\` to replace it.`)
         }
       } else {
         app.middleware.push({ ...middleware })
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/resolve.ts b/packages/kit/src/resolve.ts
index 392dec86d8..b170210efe 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/resolve.ts
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ export function createResolver (base: string | URL): Resolver {
   }
 }
 
-export async function resolveNuxtModule (base: string, paths: string[]) {
-  const resolved = []
+export async function resolveNuxtModule (base: string, paths: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
+  const resolved: string[] = []
   const resolver = createResolver(base)
 
   for (const path of paths) {
@@ -209,6 +209,12 @@ function existsInVFS (path: string, nuxt = tryUseNuxt()) {
 }
 
 export async function resolveFiles (path: string, pattern: string | string[], opts: { followSymbolicLinks?: boolean } = {}) {
-  const files = await globby(pattern, { cwd: path, followSymbolicLinks: opts.followSymbolicLinks ?? true })
-  return files.map(p => resolve(path, p)).filter(p => !isIgnored(p)).sort()
+  const files: string[] = []
+  for (const file of await globby(pattern, { cwd: path, followSymbolicLinks: opts.followSymbolicLinks ?? true })) {
+    const p = resolve(path, file)
+    if (!isIgnored(p)) {
+      files.push(p)
+    }
+  }
+  return files.sort()
 }
diff --git a/packages/kit/src/template.ts b/packages/kit/src/template.ts
index 1816ccf536..8e729c2f20 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/template.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/template.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { readPackageJSON } from 'pkg-types'
 import { tryResolveModule } from './internal/esm'
 import { getDirectory } from './module/install'
 import { tryUseNuxt, useNuxt } from './context'
-import { getModulePaths } from './internal/cjs'
+import { getNodeModulesPaths } from './internal/cjs'
 import { resolveNuxtModule } from './resolve'
 
 /**
@@ -113,18 +113,55 @@ export async function updateTemplates (options?: { filter?: (template: ResolvedN
 }
 
 export async function _generateTypes (nuxt: Nuxt) {
-  const nodeModulePaths = getModulePaths(nuxt.options.modulesDir)
-
   const rootDirWithSlash = withTrailingSlash(nuxt.options.rootDir)
+  const relativeRootDir = relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, nuxt.options.rootDir)
 
-  const modulePaths = await resolveNuxtModule(rootDirWithSlash,
-    nuxt.options._installedModules
-      .filter(m => m.entryPath)
-      .map(m => getDirectory(m.entryPath!)),
-  )
+  const include = new Set<string>([
+    './nuxt.d.ts',
+    join(relativeRootDir, '.config/nuxt.*'),
+    join(relativeRootDir, '**/*'),
+  ])
+
+  if (nuxt.options.srcDir !== nuxt.options.rootDir) {
+    include.add(join(relative(nuxt.options.buildDir, nuxt.options.srcDir), '**/*'))
+  }
+
+  if (nuxt.options.typescript.includeWorkspace && nuxt.options.workspaceDir !== nuxt.options.rootDir) {
+    include.add(join(relative(nuxt.options.buildDir, nuxt.options.workspaceDir), '**/*'))
+  }
+
+  for (const layer of nuxt.options._layers) {
+    const srcOrCwd = layer.config.srcDir ?? layer.cwd
+    if (!srcOrCwd.startsWith(rootDirWithSlash) || srcOrCwd.includes('node_modules')) {
+      include.add(join(relative(nuxt.options.buildDir, srcOrCwd), '**/*'))
+    }
+  }
+
+  const exclude = new Set<string>([
+    // nitro generate output: https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/main/packages/nuxt/src/core/nitro.ts#L186
+    relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, resolve(nuxt.options.rootDir, 'dist')),
+  ])
+
+  for (const dir of nuxt.options.modulesDir) {
+    exclude.add(relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, dir))
+  }
+
+  const moduleEntryPaths: string[] = []
+  for (const m of nuxt.options._installedModules) {
+    if (m.entryPath) {
+      moduleEntryPaths.push(getDirectory(m.entryPath))
+    }
+  }
+
+  const modulePaths = await resolveNuxtModule(rootDirWithSlash, moduleEntryPaths)
+
+  for (const path of modulePaths) {
+    const relative = relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, path)
+    include.add(join(relative, 'runtime'))
+    exclude.add(join(relative, 'runtime/server'))
+  }
 
   const isV4 = nuxt.options.future?.compatibilityVersion === 4
-
   const hasTypescriptVersionWithModulePreserve = await readPackageJSON('typescript', { url: nuxt.options.modulesDir })
     .then(r => r?.version && gte(r.version, '5.4.0'))
     .catch(() => isV4)
@@ -168,23 +205,8 @@ export async function _generateTypes (nuxt: Nuxt) {
       noImplicitThis: true, /* enabled with `strict` */
       allowSyntheticDefaultImports: true,
     },
-    include: [
-      './nuxt.d.ts',
-      join(relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, nuxt.options.rootDir), '.config/nuxt.*'),
-      join(relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, nuxt.options.rootDir), '**/*'),
-      ...nuxt.options.srcDir !== nuxt.options.rootDir ? [join(relative(nuxt.options.buildDir, nuxt.options.srcDir), '**/*')] : [],
-      ...nuxt.options._layers.map(layer => layer.config.srcDir ?? layer.cwd)
-        .filter(srcOrCwd => !srcOrCwd.startsWith(rootDirWithSlash) || srcOrCwd.includes('node_modules'))
-        .map(srcOrCwd => join(relative(nuxt.options.buildDir, srcOrCwd), '**/*')),
-      ...nuxt.options.typescript.includeWorkspace && nuxt.options.workspaceDir !== nuxt.options.rootDir ? [join(relative(nuxt.options.buildDir, nuxt.options.workspaceDir), '**/*')] : [],
-      ...modulePaths.map(m => join(relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, m), 'runtime')),
-    ],
-    exclude: [
-      ...nuxt.options.modulesDir.map(m => relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, m)),
-      ...modulePaths.map(m => join(relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, m), 'runtime/server')),
-      // nitro generate output: https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/main/packages/nuxt/src/core/nitro.ts#L186
-      relativeWithDot(nuxt.options.buildDir, resolve(nuxt.options.rootDir, 'dist')),
-    ],
+    include: [...include],
+    exclude: [...exclude],
   } satisfies TSConfig)
 
   const aliases: Record<string, string> = {
@@ -195,7 +217,9 @@ export async function _generateTypes (nuxt: Nuxt) {
   // Exclude bridge alias types to support Volar
   const excludedAlias = [/^@vue\/.*$/]
 
-  const basePath = tsConfig.compilerOptions!.baseUrl ? resolve(nuxt.options.buildDir, tsConfig.compilerOptions!.baseUrl) : nuxt.options.buildDir
+  const basePath = tsConfig.compilerOptions!.baseUrl
+    ? resolve(nuxt.options.buildDir, tsConfig.compilerOptions!.baseUrl)
+    : nuxt.options.buildDir
 
   tsConfig.compilerOptions = tsConfig.compilerOptions || {}
   tsConfig.include = tsConfig.include || []
@@ -237,12 +261,13 @@ export async function _generateTypes (nuxt: Nuxt) {
     }
   }
 
-  const references: TSReference[] = await Promise.all([
-    ...nuxt.options.modules,
-    ...nuxt.options._modules,
-  ]
-    .filter(f => typeof f === 'string')
-    .map(async id => ({ types: (await readPackageJSON(id, { url: nodeModulePaths }).catch(() => null))?.name || id })))
+  const references: TSReference[] = []
+  await Promise.all([...nuxt.options.modules, ...nuxt.options._modules].map(async (id) => {
+    if (typeof id !== 'string') { return }
+
+    const pkg = await readPackageJSON(id, { url: getNodeModulesPaths(nuxt.options.modulesDir) }).catch(() => null)
+    references.push(({ types: pkg?.name || id }))
+  }))
 
   const declarations: string[] = []
 
@@ -302,7 +327,11 @@ export async function writeTypes (nuxt: Nuxt) {
 }
 
 function renderAttrs (obj: Record<string, string>) {
-  return Object.entries(obj).map(e => renderAttr(e[0], e[1])).join(' ')
+  const attrs: string[] = []
+  for (const key in obj) {
+    attrs.push(renderAttr(key, obj[key]))
+  }
+  return attrs.join(' ')
 }
 
 function renderAttr (key: string, value: string) {
diff --git a/packages/kit/test/generate-types.spec.ts b/packages/kit/test/generate-types.spec.ts
index 7ac10ba8d1..b5bcc9a6bb 100644
--- a/packages/kit/test/generate-types.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/test/generate-types.spec.ts
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ describe('tsConfig generation', () => {
     }))
     expect(tsConfig.exclude).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       [
+        "../dist",
         "../modules/test/node_modules",
         "../modules/node_modules",
         "../node_modules/@some/module/node_modules",
         "../node_modules",
         "../../node_modules",
-        "../dist",
       ]
     `)
   })