diff --git a/packages/nuxt/src/core/app.ts b/packages/nuxt/src/core/app.ts
index df70fd4934..7afdeec1b9 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt/src/core/app.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt/src/core/app.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { promises as fsp, mkdirSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
-import { dirname, join, resolve } from 'pathe'
+import { dirname, join, relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import { defu } from 'defu'
 import { compileTemplate, findPath, logger, normalizePlugin, normalizeTemplate, resolveAlias, resolveFiles, resolvePath, templateUtils, tryResolveModule } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import type { Nuxt, NuxtApp, NuxtPlugin, NuxtTemplate, ResolvedNuxtTemplate } from 'nuxt/schema'
@@ -117,6 +117,11 @@ export async function resolveApp (nuxt: Nuxt, app: NuxtApp) {
     const layoutFiles = await resolveFiles(config.srcDir, `${layoutDir}/**/*{${nuxt.options.extensions.join(',')}}`)
     for (const file of layoutFiles) {
       const name = getNameFromPath(file, resolve(config.srcDir, layoutDir))
+      if (!name) {
+        // Ignore files like `~/layouts/index.vue` which end up not having a name at all
+        logger.warn(`No layout name could not be resolved for \`~/${relative(nuxt.options.srcDir, file)}\`. Bear in mind that \`index\` is ignored for the purpose of creating a layout name.`)
+        continue
+      }
       app.layouts[name] = app.layouts[name] || { name, file }
     }
   }
@@ -126,10 +131,15 @@ export async function resolveApp (nuxt: Nuxt, app: NuxtApp) {
   for (const config of reversedConfigs) {
     const middlewareDir = (config.rootDir === nuxt.options.rootDir ? nuxt.options : config).dir?.middleware || 'middleware'
     const middlewareFiles = await resolveFiles(config.srcDir, `${middlewareDir}/*{${nuxt.options.extensions.join(',')}}`)
-    app.middleware.push(...middlewareFiles.map((file) => {
+    for (const file of middlewareFiles) {
       const name = getNameFromPath(file)
-      return { name, path: file, global: hasSuffix(file, '.global') }
-    }))
+      if (!name) {
+        // Ignore files like `~/middleware/index.vue` which end up not having a name at all
+        logger.warn(`No middleware name could not be resolved for \`~/${relative(nuxt.options.srcDir, file)}\`. Bear in mind that \`index\` is ignored for the purpose of creating a middleware name.`)
+        continue
+      }
+      app.middleware.push({ name, path: file, global: hasSuffix(file, '.global') })
+    }
   }
 
   // Resolve plugins, first extended layers and then base
diff --git a/packages/nuxt/test/app.test.ts b/packages/nuxt/test/app.test.ts
index ed92b85e7a..cb9075b6c5 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt/test/app.test.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt/test/app.test.ts
@@ -80,6 +80,39 @@ describe('resolveApp', () => {
     `)
   })
 
+  it('resolves layouts and middleware correctly', async () => {
+    const app = await getResolvedApp([
+      'middleware/index.ts',
+      'middleware/auth/index.ts',
+      'middleware/other.ts',
+      'layouts/index.vue',
+      'layouts/default/index.vue',
+      'layouts/other.vue',
+    ])
+    // Middleware are not resolved in a nested manner
+    expect(app.middleware.filter(m => m.path.startsWith('<rootDir>'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      [
+        {
+          "global": false,
+          "name": "other",
+          "path": "<rootDir>/middleware/other.ts",
+        },
+      ]
+    `)
+    expect(app.layouts).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      {
+        "default": {
+          "file": "<rootDir>/layouts/default/index.vue",
+          "name": "default",
+        },
+        "other": {
+          "file": "<rootDir>/layouts/other.vue",
+          "name": "other",
+        },
+      }
+    `)
+  })
+
   it('resolves layer plugins in correct order', async () => {
     const app = await getResolvedApp([
       // layer 1