diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_app.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_app.ts
index 569b9d4d64..903ff8cf48 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_app.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_app.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ type Plugin = string | { mode?: 'all' | 'client' | 'server', src: string, ssr?:
 
 interface AppOptions {
   css: string[]
-  head: MetaInfo
+  head: MetaInfo | (() => MetaInfo)
   ErrorPage: null | string
   extendPlugins: null | ((plugins: Plugin[]) => Plugin[])
   features: {
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_common.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_common.ts
index 9099578eb7..2f036c9852 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_common.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_common.ts
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ interface CommonConfiguration {
   ignore: Array<string | IgnoreInstance>
   // TODO: remove in Nuxt 3
   mode: Mode
-  modern?: boolean
+  modern?: boolean | 'client' | 'server'
   modules: NuxtModule[]
   privateRuntimeConfig: Record<string, any> | ((env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) => Record<string, any>)
   publicRuntimeConfig: Record<string, any> | ((env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) => Record<string, any>)
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/render.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/render.ts
index 0fbddcc388..822fdfafc9 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/render.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/render.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ type CspPolicyName = 'child-src' | 'connect-src' | 'default-src' | 'font-src' |
 
 interface RenderOptions {
   bundleRenderer: {
-    shouldPrefetch: () => boolean
+    shouldPrefetch: (fileWithoutQuery: string, asType: string) => boolean
     shouldPreload: (fileWithoutQuery: string, asType: string) => boolean
     runInNewContext?: boolean
   }
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ interface RenderOptions {
       preloadFiles: PreloadFile[]
     ) => string[])
   }
+  injectScripts?: boolean
   resourceHints: boolean
   ssr?: boolean
   ssrLog?: boolean | 'collapsed'
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/server/server.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/server/server.ts
index f44d5f6972..7c11e51d7b 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/server/server.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/server/server.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import createTimingMiddleware from './middleware/timing'
 interface Manifest {
   assetsMapping: Record<string, string[]>
   publicPath: string
+  initial: Array<string>
+  async: Array<string>
 }
 
 export default class Server {
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ export default class Server {
   renderer: VueRenderer
   resources: {
     clientManifest?: Manifest
+    loadingHTML?: string
     modernManifest?: Manifest
     serverManifest?: Manifest
     ssrTemplate?: TemplateExecutor
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/utils/modern.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/utils/modern.ts
index 12cdc18d75..86eb05f518 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/utils/modern.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/utils/modern.ts
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export const isModernBrowser = (ua: string) => {
   )
 }
 
-export const isModernRequest = (req: NuxtRequest, modernMode = false) => {
+export const isModernRequest = (req: NuxtRequest, modernMode: boolean | string = false) => {
   if (modernMode === false) {
     return false
   }
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderer.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderer.ts
index cb6d1fcf44..64a61b6584 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderer.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderer.ts
@@ -2,19 +2,37 @@ import path from 'path'
 import fs from 'fs-extra'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import template from 'lodash/template'
-import { TARGETS, isModernRequest, waitFor } from 'src/utils'
+import { Target, TARGETS, isModernRequest, waitFor } from 'src/utils'
 
 import ServerContext from 'src/server/context'
 import SPARenderer from './renderers/spa'
 import SSRRenderer from './renderers/ssr'
 import ModernRenderer from './renderers/modern'
 
+declare module 'fs-extra' {
+  export function exists(path: string): Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
+export interface RenderContext {
+  target?: Target
+  spa?: boolean
+  modern?: boolean
+  req?: any
+  res?: any
+  runtimeConfig?: {
+    private: ServerContext['options']['privateRuntimeConfig'],
+    public: ServerContext['options']['publicRuntimeConfig']
+  }
+  url?: string
+}
+
 export default class VueRenderer {
   __closed?: boolean
   _state?: 'created' | 'loading' | 'ready' | 'error'
   _error?: null
   _readyPromise?: Promise<any>
   distPath: string
+  options: ServerContext['options']
   serverContext: ServerContext
   renderer: {
     ssr: any
@@ -252,7 +270,7 @@ export default class VueRenderer {
     return renderer.render(renderContext)
   }
 
-  async renderRoute (url, renderContext = {}, _retried = 0) {
+  async renderRoute (url, renderContext : RenderContext = {}, _retried = 0) {
     /* istanbul ignore if */
     if (!this.isReady) {
       // Fall-back to loading-screen if enabled
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/base.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/base.ts
index dfb369fac0..5bafdf6f0f 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/base.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/base.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import ServerContext from 'nuxt/server/context'
+import ServerContext from 'src/server/context'
+import { RenderContext } from '../renderer'
 
 export default class BaseRenderer {
   serverContext: ServerContext
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ export default class BaseRenderer {
     return templateFn(opts)
   }
 
-  render (renderContext) {
+  render (_renderContext: RenderContext) {
     throw new Error('`render()` needs to be implemented')
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/spa.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/spa.ts
index ee5d8c5fea..d3f51903d9 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/spa.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/spa.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export default class SPARenderer extends BaseRenderer {
     const modernMode = this.options.modern
     const modern = (modernMode && this.options.target === TARGETS.static) || isModernRequest(req, modernMode)
     const cacheKey = `${modern ? 'modern:' : 'legacy:'}${url}`
-    let meta = this.cache.get(cacheKey)
+    let meta : Record<string, any> = this.cache.get(cacheKey)
 
     if (meta) {
       // Return a copy of the content, so that future
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export default class SPARenderer extends BaseRenderer {
           .map(file => ({ ...file, modern }))
 
         meta.resourceHints += meta.preloadFiles
-          .map(({ file, extension, fileWithoutQuery, asType, modern }) => {
+          .map(({ file, extension, asType, modern }) => {
             let extra = ''
             if (asType === 'font') {
               extra = ` type="font/${extension}"${cors ? '' : ' crossorigin'}`
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/ssr.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/ssr.ts
index 10c8313e13..04652f3348 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/ssr.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/vue-renderer/renderers/ssr.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import ServerContext from 'src/server/context'
 import BaseRenderer from './base'
 
 export default class SSRRenderer extends BaseRenderer {
+  vueRenderer: typeof import('@vue/server-renderer')
+
   constructor (serverContext: ServerContext) {
     super(serverContext)
     this.createRenderer()
@@ -170,9 +172,14 @@ export default class SSRRenderer extends BaseRenderer {
     }
 
     const { csp } = this.options.render
-    // Only add the hash if 'unsafe-inline' rule isn't present to avoid conflicts (#5387)
-    const containsUnsafeInlineScriptSrc = csp.policies && csp.policies['script-src'] && csp.policies['script-src'].includes('\'unsafe-inline\'')
-    const shouldHashCspScriptSrc = csp && (csp.unsafeInlineCompatibility || !containsUnsafeInlineScriptSrc)
+    let shouldHashCspScriptSrc = false
+    if (typeof csp === 'object') {
+      const { policies, unsafeInlineCompatibility } = csp
+      shouldHashCspScriptSrc = unsafeInlineCompatibility ||
+        // Only add the hash if 'unsafe-inline' rule isn't present to avoid conflicts (#5387)
+        !(policies && policies['script-src'] && policies['script-src'].includes('\'unsafe-inline\''))
+    }
+
     const inlineScripts = []
 
     if (renderContext.staticAssetsBase) {
@@ -228,7 +235,7 @@ export default class SSRRenderer extends BaseRenderer {
 
     // Calculate CSP hashes
     const cspScriptSrcHashes = []
-    if (csp) {
+    if (typeof csp === 'object') {
       if (shouldHashCspScriptSrc) {
         for (const script of inlineScripts) {
           const hash = crypto.createHash(csp.hashAlgorithm)