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docs: explain how environment variables work in production (#27189)
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@ -33,11 +33,25 @@ npx nuxi dev --dotenv .env.local
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When updating `.env` in development mode, the Nuxt instance is automatically restarted to apply new values to the `process.env`.
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## Production Preview
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## Production
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**After your server is built**, you are responsible for setting environment variables when you run the server.
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Your `.env` file will not be read at this point. How you do this is different for every environment.
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Your `.env` files will not be read at this point. How you do this is different for every environment.
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This design decision was made to ensure compatibility across various deployment environments, some of which may not have a traditional file system available, such as serverless platforms or edge networks like Cloudflare Workers.
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Since `.env` files are not used in production, you must explicitly set environment variables using the tools and methods provided by your hosting environment. Here are some common approaches:
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* You can pass the environment variables as arguments using the terminal:
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`$ DATABASE_HOST=mydatabaseconnectionstring node .output/server/index.mjs`
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* You can set environment variables in shell configuration files like `.bashrc` or `.profile`.
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* Many cloud service providers, such as Vercel, Netlify, and AWS, provide interfaces for setting environment variables via their dashboards, CLI tools or configuration files.
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## Production Preview
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For local production preview purpose, we recommend using [`nuxi preview`](/docs/api/commands/preview) since using this command, the `.env` file will be loaded into `process.env` for convenience. Note that this command requires dependencies to be installed in the package directory.
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