feat: use express instead of connect

requirement of webpack-dev-middleware too

packages/nuxt3/src/cli/commands/serve.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { promises as fs } from 'fs'
 import { join, extname, basename } from 'path'
-import connect from 'connect'
+import express from 'express'
 import serveStatic from 'serve-static'
 import compression from 'compression'
 import { getNuxtConfig } from 'src/config'
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export default {
     if (!distStat || !distStat.isDirectory()) {
       throw new Error('Output directory `' + basename(options.generate.dir) + '/` does not exists, please run `nuxt export` before `nuxt serve`.')
     }
-    const app = connect()
+    const app = express()
     app.use(compression({ threshold: 0 }))
     app.use(
       options.router.base,

packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/_common.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import path from 'path'
 import type { WatchOptions as ChokidarWatchOptions } from 'chokidar'
-import type { NextHandleFunction, Server as ConnectServer } from 'connect'
+import type express from 'express'
 import type { configHooksT } from 'hookable/types/types'
 import ignore from 'ignore'
 import capitalize from 'lodash/capitalize'
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ interface NuxtHooks extends configHooksT {
   render?: {
     before?(renderer: any, options: any): void
     done?(renderer: any): void
-    errorMiddleware?(app: ConnectServer): void
+    errorMiddleware?(app: express.Application): void
     resourcesLoaded?(resources: any): void
     route?(url: string, result: any, context: any): void
     routeContext?(context: any): void
     routeDone?(url: string, result: any, context: any): void
     beforeResponse?(url: string, result: any, context: any): void
-    setupMiddleware?(app: ConnectServer): void
+    setupMiddleware?(app: express.Application): void
   }
 }
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ interface CommonConfiguration {
   modules: NuxtModule[]
   privateRuntimeConfig: Record<string, any> | ((env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) => Record<string, any>)
   publicRuntimeConfig: Record<string, any> | ((env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) => Record<string, any>)
-  serverMiddleware: Array<ServerMiddleware> | Record<string, NextHandleFunction>
+  serverMiddleware: Array<ServerMiddleware> | Record<string, expr>
   ssr: boolean
   target: Target
   test: boolean

packages/nuxt3/src/config/config/render.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 // TODO: Refactor @nuxt/server related options into `server.js`
-import type { ServerResponse } from 'http'
-import type { Options as EtagOptions } from 'etag'
-import type { IncomingMessage } from 'connect'
+import type { ServerResponse, IncomingMessage } from 'http'
 import type { CompressionOptions } from 'compression'
 import type { ServeStaticOptions } from 'serve-static'
 import type { ServerMiddleware } from './_common'

packages/nuxt3/src/server/middleware/timing.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import type { ServerResponse } from 'http'
-import type { IncomingMessage } from 'connect'
+import type { ServerResponse, IncomingMessage } from 'http'
 
 import consola from 'consola'
 import onHeaders from 'on-headers'

packages/nuxt3/src/server/server.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import path from 'path'
-import { ServerResponse } from 'http'
+import { ServerResponse, IncomingMessage } from 'http'
 import consola from 'consola'
 import launchMiddleware from 'launch-editor-middleware'
 import serveStatic from 'serve-static'
 import servePlaceholder from 'serve-placeholder'
-import connect, { IncomingMessage } from 'connect'
+import express from 'express'
 import type { TemplateExecutor } from 'lodash'
 
 import { Nuxt } from 'src/core'
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ interface Manifest {
   async: Array<string>
 }
 
-type NuxtMiddleware = connect.HandleFunction & {
+type NuxtMiddleware = express.Handler & {
   prefix?: string,
   entry?: string,
   _middleware?: NuxtMiddleware
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export default class Server {
   __closed?: boolean
   _readyCalled?: boolean
 
-  app: connect.Server
+  app: express.Application
   devMiddleware: (req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse, next: (err?: any) => void) => any
   listeners: Listener[]
   nuxt: Nuxt
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ export default class Server {
     // Will be set after listen
     this.listeners = []
 
-    // Create new connect instance
-    this.app = connect()
+    // Create new express instance
+    this.app = express()
 
     // Close hook
     this.nuxt.hook('close', () => this.close())

packages/nuxt3/src/utils/context.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import type { ServerResponse } from 'http'
-import type { IncomingMessage } from 'connect'
+import type { ServerResponse, IncomingMessage } from 'http'
 
 import { TARGETS } from './constants'
 

packages/nuxt3/src/utils/modern.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+import type { IncomingMessage } from 'http'
 import { UAParser } from 'ua-parser-js'
 
 import type { SemVer } from 'semver'
-import type { IncomingMessage } from 'connect'
 
 export const ModernBrowsers = {
   Edge: '16',