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docs: update runtime-config section (#4285)
Co-authored-by: Sébastien Chopin <seb@nuxtjs.com>
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# Runtime Config
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Nuxt provides an API to define the runtime config within your application and API routes.
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Nuxt provides a runtime config API to expose config within your application and server routes with the ability to update them at runtime using environment variables.
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## Exposing runtime config
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To expose config and environment variables to the rest of your app, you will need to define runtime configuration in your `nuxt.config` file, using either the [`runtimeConfig` options](/guide/directory-structure/nuxt.config#runtimeconfig) (based on whether you want it to be accessible on the client-side part of your app or not).
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To expose config and environment variables to the rest of your app, you will need to define runtime configuration in your `nuxt.config` file, using the [`runtimeConfig` option](/guide/directory-structure/nuxt.config#runtimeconfig).
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**Example:**
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```ts [nuxt.config.ts]
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export default defineNuxtConfig({
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runtimeConfig: {
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API_SECRET: '123', // the private keys which should not be exposed to public
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// The private keys which are only available within server-side
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apiSecret: '123',
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// Keys within public, will be also exposed to the client-side
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public: {
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API_BASE: '/api',
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apiBase: '/api'
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}
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},
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}
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})
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```
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When adding `API_BASE` to the `runtimeConfig.public`, Nuxt adds it to the pages' payload. This way we can universally access `API_BASE` in both server and browser.
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When adding `apiBase` to the `runtimeConfig.public`, Nuxt adds it to each page payload. We can universally access `apiBase` in both server and browser.
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```js
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const runtimeConfig = useRuntimeConfig()
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console.log(runtimeConfig.apiSecret)
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console.log(runtimeConfig.public.apiBase)
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```
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### Environment Variables
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@ -28,50 +37,54 @@ Nuxt CLI has built-in [dotenv](https://github.com/motdotla/dotenv) support.
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In addition to any process environment variables, if you have a `.env` file in your project root directory, it will be automatically loaded into `process.env` and accessible within your `nuxt.config` file and modules.
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Runtime config values are automatically replaced by matching environment variables at runtime.
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**Example:**
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```sh [.env]
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BASE_URL=https://nuxtjs.org
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API_SECRET=api_secret_token
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NUXT_API_SECRET=api_secret_token
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NUXT_PUBLIC_BASE_URL=https://nuxtjs.org
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```
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```ts [nuxt.config.ts]
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export default defineNuxtConfig({
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runtimeConfig: {
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API_SECRET: process.env.API_SECRET,
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apiSecret: '',
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public: {
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BASE_URL: process.env.BASE_URL,
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apiBase: '', // Or a default value
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}
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},
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})
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```
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**💡 Tip:** While it is not necessary, by using identical runtime config names as env variables, you can easily override them in production using platform environment variables.
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## Accessing runtime config
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### Vue app
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Within the Vue part of your Nuxt app, you will need to call `useRuntimeConfig()` to access the runtime config.
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**Note:** Behavior is different between client side and server side:
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**Note:** Behavior is different between the client-side and server-side:
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- On client side, only `runtimeConfig.public` is available and the object is both writable and reactive.
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- On server side, both `runtimeConfig.public` and `runtimeConfig` are merged and the object is read-only to avoid context sharing.
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- On the client-side, only keys in `public` are available, and the object is both writable and reactive.
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The entire runtime config is available on the server-side, but it is read-only to avoid context sharing.
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```vue
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<template>
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<div>
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<div>Token: {{ config.API_AUTH_TOKEN }}</div>
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<div>Check developer console!</div>
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</div>
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</template>
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<script setup>
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const config = useRuntimeConfig()
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console.log('Runtime config:', config)
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if (process.server) {
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console.log('API secret:', config.apiSecret)
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}
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</script>
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```
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**🛑 Security note:** Never use example above if `API_AUTH_TOKEN` is a private config. Even if you use `runtimeConfig`, you still have to be careful that you do not expose such config to either payload or html!
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**🛑 Security note:** Be careful not to expose runtime config keys to the client-side by either rendering them or passing them to `useState`.
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::alert{icon=👉}
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**`useRuntimeConfig` only works during `setup` or `Lifecycle Hooks`**.
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@ -81,46 +94,42 @@ const config = useRuntimeConfig()
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If you want to use the runtime config within any (custom) plugin, you can use `useRuntimeConfig()` inside of your `defineNuxtPlugin` function.
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For example:
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For Example:
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```ts
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export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxtApp) => {
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const config = useRuntimeConfig()
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const url = process.server ? config.serverUrl : config.clientUrl
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// Do something with url & isServer.
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console.log('API base URL:', config.public.apiBase)
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});
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```
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### API routes
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### Server Routes
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Within the API routes, you can access runtime config by directly importing from virtual `#nitro`.
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You can access runtime config within the server routes as well using `useRuntimeConfig`.
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```ts
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import { useRuntimeConfig } from '#nitro'
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const config = useRuntimeConfig()
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export default async () => {
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const result = await $fetch('https://my.api.com/test', {
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headers: {
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Authorization: `Bearer ${config.API_AUTH_TOKEN}`
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Authorization: `Bearer ${useRuntimeConfig().apiSecret}`
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}
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})
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return result
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}
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```
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### Typing runtime config
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### Manually Typing Runtime Config
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Currently it is possible to manually type your runtime config.
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Nuxt tries to automatically generate a typescript interface from provided runtime config using [unjs/untyped](https://github.com/unjs/untyped)
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It is also possible to type your runtime config manually:
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```ts [index.d.ts]
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declare module '@nuxt/schema' {
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interface runtimeConfig {
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interface RuntimeConfig {
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apiSecret: string
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public: {
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testConfig: string
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apiBase: string
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}
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}
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}
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