diff --git a/lib/core/middleware/error.js b/lib/core/middleware/error.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9878bce7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/core/middleware/error.js
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+const Youch = require('@nuxtjs/youch')
+const { SourceMapConsumer } = require('source-map')
+const { join, resolve } = require('path')
+const { readFile } = require('fs-extra')
+
+module.exports = function errorMiddleware(err, req, res, next) {
+  // ensure statusCode, message and name fields
+  err.statusCode = err.statusCode || 500
+  err.message = err.message || 'Nuxt Server Error'
+  err.name = (!err.name || err.name === 'Error') ? 'NuxtServerError' : err.name
+
+  // We hide actual errors from end users, so show them on server logs
+  if (err.statusCode !== 404) {
+    console.error(err) // eslint-disable-line no-console
+  }
+
+  const sendResponse = (content, type = 'text/html') => {
+    // Set Headers
+    res.statusCode = err.statusCode
+    res.statusMessage = err.name
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', type + '; charset=utf-8')
+    res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(content))
+
+    // Send Response
+    res.end(content, 'utf-8')
+  }
+
+  // Check if request accepts JSON
+  const hasReqHeader = (header, includes) => req.headers[header] && req.headers[header].toLowerCase().includes(includes)
+  const isJson = hasReqHeader('accept', 'application/json') || hasReqHeader('user-agent', 'curl/')
+
+  // Use basic errors when debug mode is disabled
+  if (!this.options.debug) {
+    // Json format is compatible with Youch json responses
+    const json = {
+      status: err.statusCode,
+      message: err.message,
+      name: err.name
+    }
+    if (isJson) {
+      sendResponse(JSON.stringify(json, undefined, 2), 'text/json')
+      return
+    }
+    const html = this.resources.errorTemplate(json)
+    sendResponse(html)
+    return
+  }
+
+  // Show stack trace
+  const youch = new Youch(err, req, readSource.bind(this))
+  if (isJson) {
+    youch.toJSON().then(json => { sendResponse(JSON.stringify(json, undefined, 2), 'text/json') })
+  } else {
+    youch.toHTML().then(html => { sendResponse(html) })
+  }
+}
+
+async function readSource(frame) {
+  const serverBundle = this.resources.serverBundle
+
+  // Remove webpack:/// & query string from the end
+  const sanitizeName = name => name ? name.replace('webpack:///', '').split('?')[0] : ''
+
+  // SourceMap Support for SSR Bundle
+  if (serverBundle && serverBundle.maps[frame.fileName]) {
+    // Initialize smc cache
+    if (!serverBundle.$maps) {
+      serverBundle.$maps = {}
+    }
+
+    // Read SourceMap object
+    const smc = serverBundle.$maps[frame.fileName] || new SourceMapConsumer(serverBundle.maps[frame.fileName])
+    serverBundle.$maps[frame.fileName] = smc
+
+    // Try to find original position
+    const { line, column, name, source } = smc.originalPositionFor({
+      line: frame.getLineNumber() || 0,
+      column: frame.getColumnNumber() || 0,
+      bias: SourceMapConsumer.LEAST_UPPER_BOUND
+    })
+    if (line) {
+      frame.lineNumber = line
+    }
+    /* istanbul ignore if */
+    if (column) {
+      frame.columnNumber = column
+    }
+    /* istanbul ignore if */
+    if (name) {
+      frame.functionName = name
+    }
+    if (source) {
+      frame.fileName = sanitizeName(source)
+
+      // Source detected, try to get original source code
+      const contents = smc.sourceContentFor(source)
+      if (contents) {
+        frame.contents = contents
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Return if fileName is still unknown
+  if (!frame.fileName) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  frame.fileName = sanitizeName(frame.fileName)
+
+  // Try to read from SSR bundle files
+  if (serverBundle && serverBundle.files[frame.fileName]) {
+    frame.contents = serverBundle.files[frame.fileName]
+    return
+  }
+
+  // Possible paths for file
+  const searchPath = [
+    this.options.rootDir,
+    join(this.options.buildDir, 'dist'),
+    this.options.srcDir,
+    this.options.buildDir
+  ]
+
+  // Scan filesystem for real path
+  for (let pathDir of searchPath) {
+    let fullPath = resolve(pathDir, frame.fileName)
+    let source = await readFile(fullPath, 'utf-8').catch(() => null)
+    if (source) {
+      if (!frame.contents) {
+        frame.contents = source
+      }
+      frame.fullPath = fullPath
+      return
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/middleware/nuxt.js b/lib/core/middleware/nuxt.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c6e9831ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/core/middleware/nuxt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+const generateETag = require('etag')
+const fresh = require('fresh')
+
+const { getContext } = require('../common/utils')
+
+module.exports = async function nuxtMiddleware(req, res, next) {
+  // Get context
+  const context = getContext(req, res)
+
+  res.statusCode = 200
+  try {
+    const result = await this.renderRoute(req.url, context)
+    await this.nuxt.callHook('render:route', req.url, result)
+    const { html, error, redirected, resourceHints } = result
+
+    if (redirected) {
+      return html
+    }
+    if (error) {
+      res.statusCode = context.nuxt.error.statusCode || 500
+    }
+
+    // Add ETag header
+    if (!error && this.options.render.etag) {
+      const etag = generateETag(html, this.options.render.etag)
+      if (fresh(req.headers, { etag })) {
+        res.statusCode = 304
+        res.end()
+        return
+      }
+      res.setHeader('ETag', etag)
+    }
+
+    // HTTP2 push headers
+    if (!error && this.options.render.http2.push) {
+      // Parse resourceHints to extract HTTP.2 prefetch/push headers
+      // https://w3c.github.io/preload/#server-push-http-2
+      const regex = /link rel="([^"]*)" href="([^"]*)" as="([^"]*)"/g
+      const pushAssets = []
+      let m
+      while (m = regex.exec(resourceHints)) { // eslint-disable-line no-cond-assign
+        const [, rel, href, as] = m
+        if (rel === 'preload') {
+          pushAssets.push(`<${href}>; rel=${rel}; as=${as}`)
+        }
+      }
+      // Pass with single Link header
+      // https://blog.cloudflare.com/http-2-server-push-with-multiple-assets-per-link-header
+      res.setHeader('Link', pushAssets.join(','))
+    }
+
+    // Send response
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(html))
+    res.end(html, 'utf8')
+    return html
+  } catch (err) {
+    /* istanbul ignore if */
+    if (context && context.redirected) {
+      console.error(err) // eslint-disable-line no-console
+      return err
+    }
+
+    next(err)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/middleware/open-in-editor.js b/lib/core/middleware/open-in-editor.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36d1a5658e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/core/middleware/open-in-editor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+const openInEditor = require('open-in-editor')
+
+module.exports = function openInEditorMiddleware(req, res) {
+  // Lazy load open-in-editor
+  const editor = openInEditor.configure(this.options.editor)
+
+  // Parse Query
+  const query = req.url.split('?')[1].split('&').reduce((q, part) => {
+    const s = part.split('=')
+    q[s[0]] = decodeURIComponent(s[1])
+    return q
+  }, {})
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+  console.log('[open in editor]', query.file)
+
+  editor.open(query.file).then(() => {
+    res.end('opened in editor!')
+  }).catch(err => {
+    res.end(err)
+  })
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/renderer.js b/lib/core/renderer.js
index c7428b71be..57e8d79fdc 100644
--- a/lib/core/renderer.js
+++ b/lib/core/renderer.js
@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
 const ansiHTML = require('ansi-html')
 const serialize = require('serialize-javascript')
-const generateETag = require('etag')
-const fresh = require('fresh')
+
 const serveStatic = require('serve-static')
 const compression = require('compression')
 const _ = require('lodash')
 const { join, resolve } = require('path')
 const fs = require('fs-extra')
 const { createBundleRenderer } = require('vue-server-renderer')
-const { getContext, setAnsiColors, isUrl, waitFor } = require('../common/utils')
+const { setAnsiColors, isUrl, waitFor } = require('../common/utils')
 const Debug = require('debug')
-const Youch = require('@nuxtjs/youch')
-const { SourceMapConsumer } = require('source-map')
+
 const connect = require('connect')
 const { Options } = require('../common')
 const MetaRenderer = require('./meta')
 
+const errorMiddleware = require('./middleware/error')
+const nuxtMiddleware = require('./middleware/nuxt')
+const openInEditorMiddleware = require('./middleware/open-in-editor')
+
 const debug = Debug('nuxt:render')
 debug.color = 4 // Force blue color
 
@@ -223,28 +225,10 @@ module.exports = class Renderer {
     }
 
     // open in editor for debug mode only
-    const _this = this
     if (this.options.debug && this.options.dev) {
       this.useMiddleware({
         path: '__open-in-editor',
-        handler(req, res) {
-          // Lazy load open-in-editor
-          const openInEditor = require('open-in-editor')
-          const editor = openInEditor.configure(_this.options.editor)
-          // Parse Query
-          const query = req.url.split('?')[1].split('&').reduce((q, part) => {
-            const s = part.split('=')
-            q[s[0]] = decodeURIComponent(s[1])
-            return q
-          }, {})
-          // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-          console.log('[open in editor]', query.file)
-          editor.open(query.file).then(() => {
-            res.end('opened in editor!')
-          }).catch(err => {
-            res.end(err)
-          })
-        }
+        handler: openInEditorMiddleware.bind(this)
       })
     }
 
@@ -270,206 +254,12 @@ module.exports = class Renderer {
     })
 
     // Finally use nuxtMiddleware
-    this.useMiddleware(this.nuxtMiddleware.bind(this))
+    this.useMiddleware(nuxtMiddleware.bind(this))
 
     // Error middleware for errors that occurred in middleware that declared above
     // Middleware should exactly take 4 arguments
     // https://github.com/senchalabs/connect#error-middleware
-    this.useMiddleware(this.errorMiddleware.bind(this))
-  }
-
-  async nuxtMiddleware(req, res, next) {
-    // Get context
-    const context = getContext(req, res)
-
-    res.statusCode = 200
-    try {
-      const result = await this.renderRoute(req.url, context)
-      await this.nuxt.callHook('render:route', req.url, result)
-      const { html, error, redirected, resourceHints } = result
-
-      if (redirected) {
-        return html
-      }
-      if (error) {
-        res.statusCode = context.nuxt.error.statusCode || 500
-      }
-
-      // Add ETag header
-      if (!error && this.options.render.etag) {
-        const etag = generateETag(html, this.options.render.etag)
-        if (fresh(req.headers, { etag })) {
-          res.statusCode = 304
-          res.end()
-          return
-        }
-        res.setHeader('ETag', etag)
-      }
-
-      // HTTP2 push headers
-      if (!error && this.options.render.http2.push) {
-        // Parse resourceHints to extract HTTP.2 prefetch/push headers
-        // https://w3c.github.io/preload/#server-push-http-2
-        const regex = /link rel="([^"]*)" href="([^"]*)" as="([^"]*)"/g
-        const pushAssets = []
-        let m
-        while (m = regex.exec(resourceHints)) { // eslint-disable-line no-cond-assign
-          const [, rel, href, as] = m
-          if (rel === 'preload') {
-            pushAssets.push(`<${href}>; rel=${rel}; as=${as}`)
-          }
-        }
-        // Pass with single Link header
-        // https://blog.cloudflare.com/http-2-server-push-with-multiple-assets-per-link-header
-        res.setHeader('Link', pushAssets.join(','))
-      }
-
-      // Send response
-      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
-      res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(html))
-      res.end(html, 'utf8')
-      return html
-    } catch (err) {
-      /* istanbul ignore if */
-      if (context && context.redirected) {
-        console.error(err) // eslint-disable-line no-console
-        return err
-      }
-
-      next(err)
-    }
-  }
-
-  errorMiddleware(err, req, res, next) {
-    // ensure statusCode, message and name fields
-    err.statusCode = err.statusCode || 500
-    err.message = err.message || 'Nuxt Server Error'
-    err.name = (!err.name || err.name === 'Error') ? 'NuxtServerError' : err.name
-
-    // We hide actual errors from end users, so show them on server logs
-    if (err.statusCode !== 404) {
-      console.error(err) // eslint-disable-line no-console
-    }
-
-    const sendResponse = (content, type = 'text/html') => {
-      // Set Headers
-      res.statusCode = err.statusCode
-      res.statusMessage = err.name
-      res.setHeader('Content-Type', type + '; charset=utf-8')
-      res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(content))
-
-      // Send Response
-      res.end(content, 'utf-8')
-    }
-
-    // Check if request accepts JSON
-    const hasReqHeader = (header, includes) => req.headers[header] && req.headers[header].toLowerCase().includes(includes)
-    const isJson = hasReqHeader('accept', 'application/json') || hasReqHeader('user-agent', 'curl/')
-
-    // Use basic errors when debug mode is disabled
-    if (!this.options.debug) {
-      // Json format is compatible with Youch json responses
-      const json = {
-        status: err.statusCode,
-        message: err.message,
-        name: err.name
-      }
-      if (isJson) {
-        sendResponse(JSON.stringify(json, undefined, 2), 'text/json')
-        return
-      }
-      const html = this.resources.errorTemplate(json)
-      sendResponse(html)
-      return
-    }
-
-    // Show stack trace
-    const youch = new Youch(err, req, this.readSource.bind(this))
-    if (isJson) {
-      youch.toJSON().then(json => { sendResponse(JSON.stringify(json, undefined, 2), 'text/json') })
-    } else {
-      youch.toHTML().then(html => { sendResponse(html) })
-    }
-  }
-
-  async readSource(frame) {
-    const serverBundle = this.resources.serverBundle
-
-    // Remove webpack:/// & query string from the end
-    const sanitizeName = name => name ? name.replace('webpack:///', '').split('?')[0] : ''
-
-    // SourceMap Support for SSR Bundle
-    if (serverBundle && serverBundle.maps[frame.fileName]) {
-      // Initialize smc cache
-      if (!serverBundle.$maps) {
-        serverBundle.$maps = {}
-      }
-
-      // Read SourceMap object
-      const smc = serverBundle.$maps[frame.fileName] || new SourceMapConsumer(serverBundle.maps[frame.fileName])
-      serverBundle.$maps[frame.fileName] = smc
-
-      // Try to find original position
-      const { line, column, name, source } = smc.originalPositionFor({
-        line: frame.getLineNumber() || 0,
-        column: frame.getColumnNumber() || 0,
-        bias: SourceMapConsumer.LEAST_UPPER_BOUND
-      })
-      if (line) {
-        frame.lineNumber = line
-      }
-      /* istanbul ignore if */
-      if (column) {
-        frame.columnNumber = column
-      }
-      /* istanbul ignore if */
-      if (name) {
-        frame.functionName = name
-      }
-      if (source) {
-        frame.fileName = sanitizeName(source)
-
-        // Source detected, try to get original source code
-        const contents = smc.sourceContentFor(source)
-        if (contents) {
-          frame.contents = contents
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Return if fileName is still unknown
-    if (!frame.fileName) {
-      return
-    }
-
-    frame.fileName = sanitizeName(frame.fileName)
-
-    // Try to read from SSR bundle files
-    if (serverBundle && serverBundle.files[frame.fileName]) {
-      frame.contents = serverBundle.files[frame.fileName]
-      return
-    }
-
-    // Possible paths for file
-    const searchPath = [
-      this.options.rootDir,
-      join(this.options.buildDir, 'dist'),
-      this.options.srcDir,
-      this.options.buildDir
-    ]
-
-    // Scan filesystem for real path
-    for (let pathDir of searchPath) {
-      let fullPath = resolve(pathDir, frame.fileName)
-      let source = await fs.readFile(fullPath, 'utf-8').catch(() => null)
-      if (source) {
-        if (!frame.contents) {
-          frame.contents = source
-        }
-        frame.fullPath = fullPath
-        return
-      }
-    }
+    this.useMiddleware(errorMiddleware.bind(this))
   }
 
   async renderRoute(url, context = {}) {