Merge branch 'main' into docs/kit

.eslintignore

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-dist
-node_modules
-schema
-**/*.tmpl.*
-sw.js

.eslintrc

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 {
+  "ignorePatterns": [
+    "dist",
+    "node_modules",
+    "packages/schema/schema",
+    "**/*.tmpl.*",
+    "sw.js"
+  ],
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/eslintrc",
   "globals": {
     "NodeJS": true,
     "$fetch": true
   },
-  "plugins": [
+  "plugins": ["jsdoc", "no-only-tests"],
-    "jsdoc",
-    "no-only-tests"
-  ],
   "extends": [
     "plugin:jsdoc/recommended",
     "@nuxtjs/eslint-config-typescript",
@@ -96,10 +100,28 @@
         "ignoreRestSiblings": true
       }
     ],
-    "jsdoc/check-tag-names": ["error", {
+    "jsdoc/check-tag-names": [
-      "definedTags": ["__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__"]
+      "error",
-    }]
+      {
+        "definedTags": ["__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__"]
+      }
+    ]
   },
+  "overrides": [
+    {
+        "files": ["packages/schema/**"],
+        "rules": {
+          "jsdoc/no-undefined-types": "off",
+          "jsdoc/valid-types": "off",
+          "jsdoc/check-tag-names": [
+            "error",
+            {
+              "definedTags": ["experimental"]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+    }
+  ],
   "settings": {
     "jsdoc": {
       "ignoreInternal": true,

.github/assets/twitter.svg

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="39.4" height="32" viewBox="0 0 1231.051 1000"><path fill="#A1A1AA" d="M1231.051 118.453q-51.422 76.487-126.173 130.403q.738 14.46.738 32.687q0 101.273-29.53 202.791q-29.53 101.519-90.215 194.343q-60.685 92.824-144.574 164.468q-83.889 71.644-201.677 114.25q-117.788 42.606-252.474 42.606q-210.2 0-387.147-113.493q31.406 3.495 60.242 3.495q175.605 0 313.687-108.177q-81.877-1.501-146.654-50.409q-64.777-48.907-89.156-124.988q24.097 4.59 47.566 4.59q33.782 0 66.482-8.812q-87.378-17.5-144.975-87.04q-57.595-69.539-57.595-160.523v-3.126q53.633 29.696 114.416 31.592q-51.762-34.508-82.079-89.999q-30.319-55.491-30.319-120.102q0-68.143 34.151-126.908q95.022 116.607 230.278 186.392q135.258 69.786 290.212 77.514q-6.609-27.543-6.621-57.485q0-104.546 73.994-178.534Q747.623 0 852.169 0q109.456 0 184.392 79.711q85.618-16.959 160.333-61.349q-28.785 90.59-110.933 139.768q75.502-8.972 145.088-39.677z"/></svg>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path fill="#A1A1AA" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></g></svg>

.github/workflows/autofix-docs.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"

.github/workflows/autofix.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"

.github/workflows/changelogensets.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
         run: pnpm install
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@0ba4244466797eb048eb91a6cd43d5c03ca8bd05 # v2.21.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@a09933a12a80f87b87005513f0abb1494c27a716 # v2.21.4
         with:
           languages: javascript
           queries: +security-and-quality
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
           path: packages
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@0ba4244466797eb048eb91a6cd43d5c03ca8bd05 # v2.21.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@a09933a12a80f87b87005513f0abb1494c27a716 # v2.21.4
         with:
           category: "/language:javascript"
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"
@@ -169,18 +169,18 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
         env: ['dev', 'built']
         builder: ['vite', 'webpack']
-        payload: ['json', 'js']
+        context: ['async', 'default']
         node: [16]
         exclude:
           - env: 'dev'
             builder: 'webpack'
 
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
           cache: "pnpm"
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ jobs:
         env:
           TEST_ENV: ${{ matrix.env }}
           TEST_BUILDER: ${{ matrix.builder }}
-          TEST_PAYLOAD: ${{ matrix.payload }}
+          TEST_CONTEXT: ${{ matrix.context }}
-          SKIP_BUNDLE_SIZE: ${{ github.event_name != 'push' || matrix.env == 'dev' || matrix.builder == 'webpack' || matrix.payload == 'js' || runner.os == 'Windows' }}
+          SKIP_BUNDLE_SIZE: ${{ github.event_name != 'push' || matrix.env == 'dev' || matrix.builder == 'webpack' || matrix.context == 'default' || runner.os == 'Windows' }}
 
   build-release:
     permissions:
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"

.github/workflows/dependency-review.yml

@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'Checkout Repository'
         uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - name: 'Dependency Review'
-        uses: actions/dependency-review-action@1360a344ccb0ab6e9475edef90ad2f46bf8003b1 # v3.0.6
+        uses: actions/dependency-review-action@f6fff72a3217f580d5afd49a46826795305b63c7 # v3.0.8

.github/workflows/docs-e2e.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           cache: "pnpm"
 

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"

.github/workflows/nuxt2-edge.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0 # All history
       - name: fetch tags
         run: git fetch --depth=1 origin "+refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 16
           registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'

.github/workflows/release-pr.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - run: corepack enable
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@e33196f7422957bea03ed53f6fbb155025ffc7b8 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@bea5baf987ba7aa777a8a0b4ace377a21c45c381 # v3.8.0
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "pnpm"

.github/workflows/reproduire-close.yml

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ jobs:
           remove-stale-when-updated: false
           close-issue-message: This issue was closed because it was open for 7 days without a reproduction.
           close-issue-label: closed-by-bot
-          operations-per-run: 100 #default 30
+          operations-per-run: 300 #default 30

.github/workflows/scorecards.yml

@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ jobs:
 
       # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0ba4244466797eb048eb91a6cd43d5c03ca8bd05 # v2.21.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@a09933a12a80f87b87005513f0abb1494c27a716 # v2.21.4
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif

.github/workflows/semantic-pull-requests.yml

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ on:
       - opened
       - edited
       - synchronize
-    branches-ignore:
-      - "v[0-9]*"
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       pull-requests: read  # for amannn/action-semantic-pull-request to analyze PRs
       statuses: write  # for amannn/action-semantic-pull-request to mark status of analyzed PR
-    if: github.repository == 'nuxt/nuxt'
+    if: github.repository == 'nuxt/nuxt' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'v')
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Semantic pull request
     steps:

docs/1.getting-started/6.data-fetching.md

@@ -149,7 +149,9 @@ const { pending, data: posts } = useLazyFetch('/api/posts')
 
 ### Client-only fetching
 
-By default, data fetching composables will perform their asynchronous function on both client and server environments. Set the `server` option to `false` to only perform the call on the client-side. Combined with the `lazy` option, this can be useful for data that are not needed on the first render (for example, non-SEO sensitive data).
+By default, data fetching composables will perform their asynchronous function on both client and server environments. Set the `server` option to `false` to only perform the call on the client-side. On initial load, the data will not be fetched before hydration is complete so you have to handle a pending state, though on subsequent client-side navigation the data will be awaited before loading the page.
+
+Combined with the `lazy` option, this can be useful for data that is not needed on the first render (for example, non-SEO sensitive data).
 
 ```ts
 /* This call will only be performed on the client */
@@ -159,6 +161,8 @@ const { pending, data: posts } = useFetch('/api/comments', {
 })
 ```
 
+The `useFetch` composable is meant to be invoked in setup method or called directly at the top level of a function in lifecycle hooks, otherwise you should use `$fetch` method.
+
 ### Minimize payload size
 
 The `pick` option helps you to minimize the payload size stored in your HTML document by only selecting the fields that you want returned from the composables.

docs/1.getting-started/7.state-management.md

@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ export const useLocale = () => useState<string>('locale', () => useDefaultLocale
 
 export const useDefaultLocale = (fallback = 'en-US') => {
   const locale = ref(fallback)
-  if (process.server) {    
+  if (import.meta.server) {    
     const reqLocale = useRequestHeaders()['accept-language']?.split(',')[0]
     if (reqLocale) {
       locale.value = reqLocale
     }
-  } else if (process.client) {
+  } else if (import.meta.client) {
     const navLang = navigator.language
     if (navLang) {
       locale.value = navLang

docs/1.getting-started/8.error-handling.md

@@ -57,9 +57,36 @@ You can change this behavior by setting `experimental.emitRouteChunkError` to `f
 
 ## Rendering an Error Page
 
-When Nuxt encounters a fatal error, whether during the server lifecycle, or when rendering your Vue application (both SSR and SPA), it will either render a JSON response (if requested with `Accept: application/json` header) or an HTML error page.
+When Nuxt encounters a fatal error (any unhandled error on the server, or an error created with `fatal: true` on the client) it will either render a JSON response (if requested with `Accept: application/json` header) or trigger a full-screen error page.
 
-You can customize this error page by adding `~/error.vue` in the source directory of your application, alongside `app.vue`. This page has a single prop - `error` which contains an error for you to handle.
+This error may occur during the server lifecycle when:
+
+* processing your Nuxt plugins
+* rendering your Vue app into HTML
+* a server API route throws an error
+
+An error can also occur on the client side when:
+
+* processing your Nuxt plugins
+* before mounting the application (`app:beforeMount` hook)
+* mounting your app if the error was not handled with `onErrorCaptured` or `vue:error` hook
+* the Vue app is initialized and mounted in browser (`app:mounted`).
+
+The lifecycle hooks are listed [here](/docs/api/advanced/hooks).
+
+You can customize this error page by adding `~/error.vue` in the source directory of your application, alongside `app.vue`. Although it is called an 'error page' it's not a route and shouldn't be placed in your `~/pages` directory. For the same reason, you shouldn't use `definePageMeta` within this page.
+
+ The error page has a single prop - `error` which contains an error for you to handle.
+
+The `error` object provides the fields: `url`, `statusCode`, `statusMessage`, `message`, `description` and `data`. If you have an error with custom fields they will be lost; you should assign them to `data` instead. For custom errors we highly recommend to use `onErrorCaptured` composable that can be called in a page/component setup function or `vue:error` runtime nuxt hook that can be configured in a nuxt plugin.
+
+```ts
+export default defineNuxtPlugin(nuxtApp => {
+  nuxtApp.hook('vue:error', (err) => {
+    //
+  })
+})
+```
 
 When you are ready to remove the error page, you can call the `clearError` helper function, which takes an optional path to redirect to (for example, if you want to navigate to a 'safe' page).
 

docs/2.guide/1.concepts/1.auto-imports.md

@@ -140,3 +140,26 @@ export default defineNuxtConfig({
   }
 })
 ```
+
+## Auto-import from third-party packages
+
+Nuxt also allows auto-importing from third-party packages.
+
+::alert
+If you are using the Nuxt module for that package, it is likely that the module has already configured auto-imports for that package.
+::
+
+For example, you could enable the auto-import of the `useI18n` composable from the `vue-i18n` package like this:
+
+```ts [nuxt.config.ts]
+export default defineNuxtConfig({
+  imports: {
+    presets: [
+      {
+        from: 'vue-i18n',
+        imports: ['useI18n']
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+})
+```

docs/2.guide/2.directory-structure/1.middleware.md

@@ -125,12 +125,12 @@ However, if you want to avoid this behaviour you can do so:
 ```js
 export default defineNuxtRouteMiddleware(to => {
   // skip middleware on server
-  if (process.server) return
+  if (import.meta.server) return
   // skip middleware on client side entirely
-  if (process.client) return
+  if (import.meta.client) return
   // or only skip middleware on initial client load
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
-  if (process.client && nuxtApp.isHydrating && nuxtApp.payload.serverRendered) return
+  if (import.meta.client && nuxtApp.isHydrating && nuxtApp.payload.serverRendered) return
 })
 ```
 

docs/2.guide/2.directory-structure/1.plugins.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin({
 ```
 
 ::alert
-If you are using an object-syntax plugin, the properties may be statically analyzed in future to produce a more optimized build. So you should not define them at runtime. For example, setting `enforce: process.server ? 'pre' : 'post'` would defeat any future optimization Nuxt is able to do for your plugins.
+If you are using an object-syntax plugin, the properties may be statically analyzed in future to produce a more optimized build. So you should not define them at runtime. For example, setting `enforce: import.meta.server ? 'pre' : 'post'` would defeat any future optimization Nuxt is able to do for your plugins.
 ::
 
 ## Plugin Registration Order
@@ -223,4 +223,8 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxtApp) => {
 })
 ```
 
+::alert{type=warning}
+If you register a Vue directive, you _must_ register it on both client and server side unless you are only using it when rendering one side. If the directive only makes sense from a client side, you can always move it to `~/plugins/my-directive.client.ts` and provide a 'stub' directive for the server in `~/plugins/my-directive.server.ts`.
+::
+
 :ReadMore{link="https://vuejs.org/guide/reusability/custom-directives.html"}

docs/2.guide/2.directory-structure/1.server.md

@@ -152,7 +152,10 @@ Server routes can use dynamic parameters within brackets in the file name like `
 **Example:**
 
 ```ts [server/api/hello/[name\\].ts]
-export default defineEventHandler((event) => `Hello, ${event.context.params.name}!`)
+export default defineEventHandler((event) => {
+  const name = getRouterParam(event, 'name')
+  return `Hello, ${name}!`
+})
 ```
 
 You can now universally call this API using `await $fetch('/api/hello/nuxt')` and get `Hello, nuxt!`.

docs/2.guide/3.going-further/1.experimental-features.md

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ export defineNuxtConfig({ experimental: { reactivityTransform: true } })
 ```
 
 ::ReadMore{link="docs/getting-started/configuration#enabling-experimental-vue-features"}
+::
 
 ## externalVue
 
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@ export defineNuxtConfig({ experimental: { viewTransition: true } })
 ```
 
 ::ReadMore{link="docs/getting-started/transitions#view-transitions-api-experimental"}
+::
 
 ## writeEarlyHints
 
@@ -161,6 +163,7 @@ export defineNuxtConfig({ experimental: { componentIslands: true } })
 ```
 
 ::ReadMore{link="docs/guide/directory-structure/components#server-components"}
+::
 
 You can follow the server components roadmap on [GitHub](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/issues/19772).
 

docs/2.guide/3.going-further/10.runtime-config.md

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ The entire runtime config is available on the server-side, but it is read-only t
 <script setup lang="ts">
 const config = useRuntimeConfig()
 console.log('Runtime config:', config)
-if (process.server) {
+if (import.meta.server) {
   console.log('API secret:', config.apiSecret)
 }
 </script>

docs/2.guide/3.going-further/3.modules.md

@@ -375,6 +375,40 @@ export default defineNuxtModule({
 })
 ```
 
+#### Injecting Server Routes With `addServerHandler`
+
+```ts
+import { defineNuxtModule, addServerHandler, createResolver } from '@nuxt/kit'
+
+export default defineNuxtModule({
+  setup(options, nuxt) {
+    const resolver = createResolver(import.meta.url)
+
+    addServerHandler({
+      route: '/api/hello',
+      handler: resolver.resolve('./runtime/server/api/hello/index.get.ts')
+    })
+  }
+})
+```
+
+You can also add a dynamic server route:
+
+```ts
+import { defineNuxtModule, addServerHandler, createResolver } from '@nuxt/kit'
+
+export default defineNuxtModule({
+  setup(options, nuxt) {
+    const resolver = createResolver(import.meta.url)
+
+    addServerHandler({
+      route: '/api/hello/:name',
+      handler: resolver.resolve('./runtime/server/api/hello/[name].get.ts')
+    })
+  }
+})
+```
+
 #### Injecting Other Assets
 
 If your module should provide other kinds of assets, they can also be injected. Here's a simple example module injecting a stylesheet through Nuxt's `css` array.

docs/2.guide/3.going-further/8.custom-routing.md

@@ -138,6 +138,6 @@ import { createMemoryHistory } from 'vue-router'
 
 // https://router.vuejs.org/api/interfaces/routeroptions.html
 export default <RouterConfig> {
-  history: base => process.client ? createMemoryHistory(base) : null /* default */
+  history: base => import.meta.client ? createMemoryHistory(base) : null /* default */
 }
 ```

docs/3.api/1.composables/use-fetch.md

@@ -38,11 +38,14 @@ type AsyncData<DataT, ErrorT> = {
   refresh: (opts?: AsyncDataExecuteOptions) => Promise<void>
   execute: (opts?: AsyncDataExecuteOptions) => Promise<void>
   error: Ref<ErrorT | null>
+  status: Ref<AsyncDataRequestStatus>
 }
 
 interface AsyncDataExecuteOptions {
   dedupe?: boolean
 }
+
+type AsyncDataRequestStatus = 'idle' | 'pending' | 'success' | 'error'
 ```
 
 ## Params
@@ -90,8 +93,10 @@ If you have not fetched data on the server (for example, with `server: false`),
 ## Example
 
 ```ts
-const { data, pending, error, refresh } = await useFetch('https://api.nuxtjs.dev/mountains',{
+const route = useRoute()
-    pick: ['title']
+
+const { data, pending, error, refresh } = await useFetch(`https://api.nuxtjs.dev/mountains/${route.params.slug}`, {
+  pick: ['title']
 })
 ```
 
@@ -101,8 +106,8 @@ Using the `query` option, you can add search parameters to your query. This opti
 
 ```ts
 const param1 = ref('value1')
-const { data, pending, error, refresh } = await useFetch('https://api.nuxtjs.dev/mountains',{
+const { data, pending, error, refresh } = await useFetch('https://api.nuxtjs.dev/mountains', {
-    query: { param1, param2: 'value2' }
+  query: { param1, param2: 'value2' }
 })
 ```
 

docs/3.api/1.composables/use-nuxt-app.md

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxtApp) => {
   })
   nuxtApp.hook('vue:error', (..._args) => {
     console.log('vue:error')
-    // if (process.client) {
+    // if (import.meta.client) {
     //   console.log(..._args)
     // }
   })
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ When accessing the same `payload.data` from [ssrcontext](#ssrcontext), you can a
 export const useColor = () => useState<string>('color', () => 'pink')
 
 export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxtApp) => {
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     const color = useColor()
   }
 })
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
   setup (_props, { slots, emit }) {
     const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
     onErrorCaptured((err) => {
-      if (process.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
+      if (import.meta.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
         // ...
       }
     })

docs/3.api/1.composables/use-seo-meta.md

@@ -41,6 +41,4 @@ useSeoMeta({
 
 ## Parameters
 
-There are over 100+ parameters.
+There are over 100 parameters. See the [full list of parameters in the source code](https://github.com/harlan-zw/zhead/blob/main/src/metaFlat.ts).
-
-Full list of [`parameters`](https://github.com/harlan-zw/zhead/blob/main/src/metaFlat.ts)

docs/3.api/3.utils/define-page-meta.md

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ interface PageMeta {
 
     Validate whether a given route can validly be rendered with this page. Return true if it is valid, or false if not. If another match can't be found, this will mean a 404. You can also directly return an object with `statusCode`/`statusMessage` to respond immediately with an error (other matches will not be checked).
 
-  **`scrollTopTop`**
+  **`scrollToTop`**
 
   - **Type**: `boolean | (to: RouteLocationNormalized, from: RouteLocationNormalized) => boolean`
 

docs/3.api/5.commands/generate.md

@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ Option        | Default          | Description
 `--dotenv` | `.` | Point to another `.env` file to load, **relative** to the root directory.
 
 ::alert{type=info}
-Read more about [pre-rendering and static hosting](/docs/1.getting-started/10.deployment.md#static-hosting).
+Read more about [pre-rendering and static hosting](/docs/getting-started/deployment#static-hosting).
 ::

package.json

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
     "play:preview": "nuxi preview playground",
     "test": "pnpm test:fixtures && pnpm test:fixtures:payload && pnpm test:fixtures:dev && pnpm test:fixtures:webpack && pnpm test:unit && pnpm typecheck",
     "test:fixtures": "nuxi prepare test/fixtures/basic && nuxi prepare test/fixtures/runtime-compiler && vitest run --dir test",
-    "test:fixtures:payload": "TEST_PAYLOAD=js pnpm test:fixtures",
     "test:fixtures:dev": "TEST_ENV=dev pnpm test:fixtures",
     "test:fixtures:webpack": "TEST_BUILDER=webpack pnpm test:fixtures",
     "test:runtime": "vitest -c vitest.nuxt.config.ts",
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@
     "@nuxt/webpack-builder": "workspace:*",
     "nuxi": "workspace:*",
     "nuxt": "workspace:*",
-    "vite": "4.4.8",
+    "vite": "4.4.9",
     "vue": "3.3.4",
     "magic-string": "^0.30.2"
   },
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@
     "@nuxt/webpack-builder": "workspace:*",
     "@nuxtjs/eslint-config-typescript": "12.0.0",
     "@types/fs-extra": "11.0.1",
-    "@types/node": "18.17.1",
+    "@types/node": "18.17.5",
     "@types/semver": "7.5.0",
     "case-police": "0.6.1",
     "chalk": "5.3.0",
@@ -54,15 +53,15 @@
     "cheerio": "1.0.0-rc.12",
     "consola": "3.2.3",
     "devalue": "4.3.2",
-    "eslint": "8.46.0",
+    "eslint": "8.47.0",
     "eslint-plugin-import": "2.28.0",
     "eslint-plugin-jsdoc": "41.1.2",
     "eslint-plugin-no-only-tests": "3.1.0",
     "execa": "7.2.0",
     "fs-extra": "11.1.1",
     "globby": "13.2.2",
-    "h3": "1.7.1",
+    "h3": "1.8.0",
-    "happy-dom": "10.7.0",
+    "happy-dom": "10.9.0",
     "jiti": "1.19.1",
     "markdownlint-cli": "^0.33.0",
     "nitropack": "2.5.2",
@@ -71,13 +70,13 @@
     "nuxt-vitest": "0.10.2",
     "ofetch": "1.1.1",
     "pathe": "1.1.1",
-    "playwright-core": "1.36.2",
+    "playwright-core": "1.37.0",
     "rimraf": "5.0.1",
     "semver": "7.5.4",
     "std-env": "3.3.3",
     "typescript": "5.1.6",
     "ufo": "1.2.0",
-    "vite": "4.4.8",
+    "vite": "4.4.9",
     "vitest": "0.33.0",
     "vitest-environment-nuxt": "0.10.2",
     "vue": "3.3.4",
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@
     "vue-router": "4.2.4",
     "vue-tsc": "1.8.8"
   },
-  "packageManager": "pnpm@8.6.11",
+  "packageManager": "pnpm@8.6.12",
   "engines": {
     "node": "^14.18.0 || >=16.10.0"
   }

packages/kit/package.json

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     "lodash-es": "4.17.21",
     "nitropack": "2.5.2",
     "unbuild": "latest",
-    "vite": "4.4.8",
+    "vite": "4.4.9",
     "vitest": "0.33.0",
     "webpack": "5.88.2"
   },

packages/kit/src/internal/task.ts

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-export function sequence<T, R> (
-  tasks: T[],
-  fn: (task: T) => R
-) {
-  return tasks.reduce(
-    (promise, task): any => promise.then(() => fn(task)),
-    Promise.resolve()
-  )
-}
-
-export function parallel<T, R> (
-  tasks: T[],
-  fn: (task: T) => R
-) {
-  return Promise.all(tasks.map(fn))
-}
-
-export function chainFn<Fn> (base: Fn, fn: Fn): Fn {
-  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
-    return base
-  }
-  return function (this: any, ...args: any[]) {
-    if (typeof base !== 'function') {
-      return fn.apply(this, args)
-    }
-    let baseResult = base.apply(this, args)
-    // Allow function to mutate the first argument instead of returning the result
-    if (baseResult === undefined) {
-      [baseResult] = args
-    }
-    const fnResult = fn.call(
-      this,
-      baseResult,
-      ...Array.prototype.slice.call(args, 1)
-    )
-    // Return mutated argument if no result was returned
-    if (fnResult === undefined) {
-      return baseResult
-    }
-    return fnResult
-  } as unknown as Fn
-}

packages/kit/src/module/install.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ export async function installModule (moduleToInstall: string | NuxtModule, inlin
 
   if (typeof moduleToInstall === 'string') {
     nuxt.options.build.transpile.push(normalizeModuleTranspilePath(moduleToInstall))
+    const directory = getDirectory(moduleToInstall)
+    if (directory !== moduleToInstall) {
+      nuxt.options.modulesDir.push(getDirectory(moduleToInstall))
+    }
   }
 
   nuxt.options._installedModules = nuxt.options._installedModules || []
@@ -37,15 +41,19 @@ export async function installModule (moduleToInstall: string | NuxtModule, inlin
 
 // --- Internal ---
 
-export const normalizeModuleTranspilePath = (p: string) => {
+function getDirectory (p: string) {
   try {
     // we need to target directories instead of module file paths themselves
     // /home/user/project/node_modules/module/index.js -> /home/user/project/node_modules/module
-    p = isAbsolute(p) && lstatSync(p).isFile() ? dirname(p) : p
+    return isAbsolute(p) && lstatSync(p).isFile() ? dirname(p) : p
   } catch (e) {
     // maybe the path is absolute but does not exist, allow this to bubble up
   }
-  return p.split('node_modules/').pop() as string
+  return p
+}
+
+export const normalizeModuleTranspilePath = (p: string) => {
+  return getDirectory(p).split('node_modules/').pop() as string
 }
 
 export async function loadNuxtModuleInstance (nuxtModule: string | NuxtModule, nuxt: Nuxt = useNuxt()) {

packages/kit/src/template.ts

@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ export async function writeTypes (nuxt: Nuxt) {
       noEmit: true,
       resolveJsonModule: true,
       allowSyntheticDefaultImports: true,
-      types: ['node'],
       paths: {}
     },
     include: [

packages/nuxi/package.json

@@ -36,12 +36,13 @@
     "execa": "7.2.0",
     "flat": "5.0.2",
     "giget": "1.1.2",
-    "h3": "1.7.1",
+    "h3": "1.8.0",
     "jiti": "1.19.1",
-    "listhen": "1.2.2",
+    "listhen": "1.3.0",
     "mlly": "1.4.0",
     "mri": "1.2.0",
-    "ohash": "1.1.2",
+    "nitropack": "2.5.2",
+    "ohash": "1.1.3",
     "pathe": "1.1.1",
     "perfect-debounce": "1.0.0",
     "pkg-types": "1.0.3",

packages/nuxi/src/commands/build.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import { consola } from 'consola'
+import type { Nitro } from 'nitropack'
 
 // we are deliberately inlining this code as a backup in case user has `@nuxt/schema<3.7`
 import { writeTypes as writeTypesLegacy } from '../../../kit/src/template'
@@ -38,8 +39,12 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
       }
     })
 
-    // Use ? for backward compatibility for Nuxt <= RC.10
+    let nitro: Nitro | undefined
-    const nitro = useNitro?.()
+    // In Bridge, if nitro is not enabled, useNitro will throw an error
+    try {
+      // Use ? for backward compatibility for Nuxt <= RC.10
+      nitro = useNitro?.()
+    } catch {}
 
     await clearBuildDir(nuxt.options.buildDir)
 

packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts

@@ -134,11 +134,6 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
 
         await currentNuxt.ready()
 
-        distWatcher = chokidar.watch(resolve(currentNuxt.options.buildDir, 'dist'), { ignoreInitial: true, depth: 0 })
-        distWatcher.on('unlinkDir', () => {
-          dLoad(true, '.nuxt/dist directory has been removed')
-        })
-
         const unsub = currentNuxt.hooks.hook('restart', async (options) => {
           unsub() // we use this instead of `hookOnce` for Nuxt Bridge support
           if (options?.hard) { return hardRestart() }
@@ -156,6 +151,12 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
           writeTypes(currentNuxt).catch(console.error),
           buildNuxt(currentNuxt)
         ])
+
+        distWatcher = chokidar.watch(resolve(currentNuxt.options.buildDir, 'dist'), { ignoreInitial: true, depth: 0 })
+        distWatcher.on('unlinkDir', () => {
+          dLoad(true, '.nuxt/dist directory has been removed')
+        })
+
         currentHandler = toNodeListener(currentNuxt.server.app)
         if (isRestart && args.clear !== false) {
           showBanner()

packages/nuxt/package.json

@@ -55,11 +55,12 @@
     "@nuxt/devalue": "^2.0.2",
     "@nuxt/kit": "workspace:../kit",
     "@nuxt/schema": "workspace:../schema",
-    "@nuxt/telemetry": "^2.3.2",
+    "@nuxt/telemetry": "^2.4.1",
     "@nuxt/ui-templates": "^1.3.1",
     "@nuxt/vite-builder": "workspace:../vite",
-    "@unhead/ssr": "^1.2.2",
+    "@unhead/dom": "^1.3.3",
-    "@unhead/vue": "^1.2.2",
+    "@unhead/ssr": "^1.3.3",
+    "@unhead/vue": "^1.3.3",
     "@vue/shared": "^3.3.4",
     "acorn": "8.10.0",
     "c12": "^1.4.2",
@@ -68,12 +69,12 @@
     "defu": "^6.1.2",
     "destr": "^2.0.1",
     "devalue": "^4.3.2",
-    "esbuild": "^0.18.17",
+    "esbuild": "^0.19.2",
     "escape-string-regexp": "^5.0.0",
     "estree-walker": "^3.0.3",
     "fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
     "globby": "^13.2.2",
-    "h3": "^1.7.1",
+    "h3": "^1.8.0",
     "hookable": "^5.5.3",
     "jiti": "^1.19.1",
     "klona": "^2.0.6",
@@ -84,18 +85,19 @@
     "nuxi": "workspace:../nuxi",
     "nypm": "^0.2.2",
     "ofetch": "^1.1.1",
-    "ohash": "^1.1.2",
+    "ohash": "^1.1.3",
     "pathe": "^1.1.1",
     "perfect-debounce": "^1.0.0",
     "pkg-types": "^1.0.3",
     "prompts": "^2.4.2",
     "scule": "^1.0.0",
+    "std-env": "^3.3.3",
     "strip-literal": "^1.3.0",
     "ufo": "^1.2.0",
     "ultrahtml": "^1.3.0",
     "uncrypto": "^0.1.3",
     "unctx": "^2.3.1",
-    "unenv": "^1.6.1",
+    "unenv": "^1.7.1",
     "unimport": "^3.1.3",
     "unplugin": "^1.4.0",
     "unplugin-vue-router": "^0.6.4",
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@
     "@types/prompts": "2.4.4",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "4.2.3",
     "unbuild": "latest",
-    "vite": "4.4.8",
+    "vite": "4.4.9",
     "vitest": "0.33.0"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
@@ -122,6 +124,9 @@
   "peerDependenciesMeta": {
     "@parcel/watcher": {
       "optional": true
+    },
+    "@types/node": {
+      "optional": true
     }
   },
   "engines": {

packages/nuxt/src/app/compat/idle-callback.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Polyfills for Safari support
 // https://caniuse.com/requestidlecallback
-export const requestIdleCallback: Window['requestIdleCallback'] = process.server
+export const requestIdleCallback: Window['requestIdleCallback'] = import.meta.server
   ? (() => {}) as any
   : (globalThis.requestIdleCallback || ((cb) => {
       const start = Date.now()
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ export const requestIdleCallback: Window['requestIdleCallback'] = process.server
       return setTimeout(() => { cb(idleDeadline) }, 1)
     }))
 
-export const cancelIdleCallback: Window['cancelIdleCallback'] = process.server
+export const cancelIdleCallback: Window['cancelIdleCallback'] = import.meta.server
   ? (() => {}) as any
   : (globalThis.cancelIdleCallback || ((id) => { clearTimeout(id) }))

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/client-fallback.client.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ export default defineComponent({
   emits: ['ssr-error'],
   setup (props, ctx) {
     const mounted = ref(false)
+    // This is deliberate - `uid` should not be provided by user but by a transform plugin and will not be reactive.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line vue/no-setup-props-destructure
     const ssrFailed = useState(`${props.uid}`)
 
     if (ssrFailed.value) {

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/dev-only.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { defineComponent } from 'vue'
 export default defineComponent({
   name: 'DevOnly',
   setup (_, props) {
-    if (process.dev) {
+    if (import.meta.dev) {
       return () => props.slots.default?.()
     }
     return () => props.slots.fallback?.()

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-error-boundary.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
     const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
 
     onErrorCaptured((err, target, info) => {
-      if (process.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
+      if (import.meta.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
         emit('error', err)
         nuxtApp.hooks.callHook('vue:error', err, target, info)
         error.value = err

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-error-page.vue

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ const is404 = statusCode === 404
 
 const statusMessage = _error.statusMessage ?? (is404 ? 'Page Not Found' : 'Internal Server Error')
 const description = _error.message || _error.toString()
-const stack = process.dev && !is404 ? _error.description || `<pre>${stacktrace}</pre>` : undefined
+const stack = import.meta.dev && !is404 ? _error.description || `<pre>${stacktrace}</pre>` : undefined
 
 // TODO: Investigate side-effect issue with imports
 const _Error404 = defineAsyncComponent(() => import('@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/error-404.vue').then(r => r.default || r))
-const _Error = process.dev
+const _Error = import.meta.dev
   ? defineAsyncComponent(() => import('@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/error-dev.vue').then(r => r.default || r))
   : defineAsyncComponent(() => import('@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/error-500.vue').then(r => r.default || r))
 

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-island.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const SLOTNAME_RE = /nuxt-ssr-slot-name="([^"]*)"/g
 const SLOT_FALLBACK_RE = /<div nuxt-slot-fallback-start="([^"]*)"[^>]*><\/div>(((?!<div nuxt-slot-fallback-end[^>]*>)[\s\S])*)<div nuxt-slot-fallback-end[^>]*><\/div>/g
 
 let id = 0
-const getId = process.client ? () => (id++).toString() : randomUUID
+const getId = import.meta.client ? () => (id++).toString() : randomUUID
 
 export default defineComponent({
   name: 'NuxtIsland',
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
     const instance = getCurrentInstance()!
     const event = useRequestEvent()
     // TODO: remove use of `$fetch.raw` when nitro 503 issues on windows dev server are resolved
-    const eventFetch = process.server ? event.fetch : process.dev ? $fetch.raw : globalThis.fetch
+    const eventFetch = import.meta.server ? event.fetch : import.meta.dev ? $fetch.raw : globalThis.fetch
     const mounted = ref(false)
     onMounted(() => { mounted.value = true })
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
       nuxtApp.payload.data[key] = {
         __nuxt_island: {
           key,
-          ...(process.server && process.env.prerender)
+          ...(import.meta.server && import.meta.prerender)
             ? {}
             : { params: { ...props.context, props: props.props ? JSON.stringify(props.props) : undefined } }
         },
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
     }
 
     const ssrHTML = ref<string>('')
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       const renderedHTML = getFragmentHTML(instance.vnode?.el ?? null).join('')
       if (renderedHTML && nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
         setPayload(`${props.name}_${hashId.value}`, {
@@ -111,19 +111,19 @@ export default defineComponent({
 
       const url = remoteComponentIslands && props.source ? new URL(`/__nuxt_island/${key}`, props.source).href : `/__nuxt_island/${key}`
 
-      if (process.server && process.env.prerender) {
+      if (import.meta.server && import.meta.prerender) {
         // Hint to Nitro to prerender the island component
         appendResponseHeader(event, 'x-nitro-prerender', url)
       }
       // TODO: Validate response
       // $fetch handles the app.baseURL in dev
-      const r = await eventFetch(withQuery(process.dev && process.client ? url : joinURL(config.app.baseURL ?? '', url), {
+      const r = await eventFetch(withQuery(import.meta.dev && import.meta.client ? url : joinURL(config.app.baseURL ?? '', url), {
         ...props.context,
         props: props.props ? JSON.stringify(props.props) : undefined
       }))
-      const result = process.server || !process.dev ? await r.json() : (r as FetchResponse<NuxtIslandResponse>)._data
+      const result = import.meta.server || !import.meta.dev ? await r.json() : (r as FetchResponse<NuxtIslandResponse>)._data
       // TODO: support passing on more headers
-      if (process.server && process.env.prerender) {
+      if (import.meta.server && import.meta.prerender) {
         const hints = r.headers.get('x-nitro-prerender')
         if (hints) {
           appendResponseHeader(event, 'x-nitro-prerender', hints)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
         })
         key.value++
         error.value = null
-        if (process.client) {
+        if (import.meta.client) {
           // must await next tick for Teleport to work correctly with static node re-rendering
           await nextTick()
         }
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ export default defineComponent({
       })
     }
 
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       watch(props, debounce(() => fetchComponent(), 100))
     }
 
-    if (process.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating && props.lazy) {
+    if (import.meta.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating && props.lazy) {
       fetchComponent()
-    } else if (process.server || !nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
+    } else if (import.meta.server || !nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
       await fetchComponent()
     }
 
@@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ export default defineComponent({
       const nodes = [createVNode(Fragment, {
         key: key.value
       }, [h(createStaticVNode(html.value || '<div></div>', 1))])]
-      if (uid.value && (mounted.value || nuxtApp.isHydrating || process.server)) {
+      if (uid.value && (mounted.value || nuxtApp.isHydrating || import.meta.server)) {
         for (const slot in slots) {
           if (availableSlots.value.includes(slot)) {
-            nodes.push(createVNode(Teleport, { to: process.client ? `[nuxt-ssr-component-uid='${uid.value}'] [nuxt-ssr-slot-name='${slot}']` : `uid=${uid.value};slot=${slot}` }, {
+            nodes.push(createVNode(Teleport, { to: import.meta.client ? `[nuxt-ssr-component-uid='${uid.value}'] [nuxt-ssr-slot-name='${slot}']` : `uid=${uid.value};slot=${slot}` }, {
               default: () => (slotProps.value[slot] ?? [undefined]).map((data: any) => slots[slot]?.(data))
             }))
           }

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-layout.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ const LayoutLoader = defineComponent({
     layoutProps: Object
   },
   async setup (props, context) {
+    // This is a deliberate hack - this component must always be called with an explicit key to ensure
+    // that setup reruns when the name changes.
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line vue/no-setup-props-destructure
     const LayoutComponent = await layouts[props.name]().then((r: any) => r.default || r)
 
     return () => h(LayoutComponent, props.layoutProps, context.slots)
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
 
     return () => {
       const hasLayout = layout.value && layout.value in layouts
-      if (process.dev && layout.value && !hasLayout && layout.value !== 'default') {
+      if (import.meta.dev && layout.value && !hasLayout && layout.value !== 'default') {
         console.warn(`Invalid layout \`${layout.value}\` selected.`)
       }
 
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ const LayoutProvider = defineComponent({
     }
 
     let vnode: VNode | undefined
-    if (process.dev && process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.dev && import.meta.client) {
       onMounted(() => {
         nextTick(() => {
           if (['#comment', '#text'].includes(vnode?.el?.nodeName)) {
@@ -124,14 +128,14 @@ const LayoutProvider = defineComponent({
 
     return () => {
       if (!name || (typeof name === 'string' && !(name in layouts))) {
-        if (process.dev && process.client && props.hasTransition) {
+        if (import.meta.dev && import.meta.client && props.hasTransition) {
           vnode = context.slots.default?.() as VNode | undefined
           return vnode
         }
         return context.slots.default?.()
       }
 
-      if (process.dev && process.client && props.hasTransition) {
+      if (import.meta.dev && import.meta.client && props.hasTransition) {
         vnode = h(
           // @ts-expect-error seems to be an issue in vue types
           LayoutLoader,

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-link.ts

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export function defineNuxtLink (options: NuxtLinkOptions) {
   const componentName = options.componentName || 'NuxtLink'
 
   const checkPropConflicts = (props: NuxtLinkProps, main: keyof NuxtLinkProps, sub: keyof NuxtLinkProps): void => {
-    if (process.dev && props[main] !== undefined && props[sub] !== undefined) {
+    if (import.meta.dev && props[main] !== undefined && props[sub] !== undefined) {
       console.warn(`[${componentName}] \`${main}\` and \`${sub}\` cannot be used together. \`${sub}\` will be ignored.`)
     }
   }
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ export function defineNuxtLink (options: NuxtLinkOptions) {
 
       // Prefetching
       const prefetched = ref(false)
-      const el = process.server ? undefined : ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+      const el = import.meta.server ? undefined : ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-      const elRef = process.server ? undefined : (ref: any) => { el!.value = props.custom ? ref?.$el?.nextElementSibling : ref?.$el }
+      const elRef = import.meta.server ? undefined : (ref: any) => { el!.value = props.custom ? ref?.$el?.nextElementSibling : ref?.$el }
 
-      if (process.client) {
+      if (import.meta.client) {
         checkPropConflicts(props, 'prefetch', 'noPrefetch')
         const shouldPrefetch = props.prefetch !== false && props.noPrefetch !== true && props.target !== '_blank' && !isSlowConnection()
         if (shouldPrefetch) {
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ type CallbackFn = () => void
 type ObserveFn = (element: Element, callback: CallbackFn) => () => void
 
 function useObserver (): { observe: ObserveFn } | undefined {
-  if (process.server) { return }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return }
 
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
   if (nuxtApp._observer) {
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ function useObserver (): { observe: ObserveFn } | undefined {
 }
 
 function isSlowConnection () {
-  if (process.server) { return }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return }
 
   // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Navigator/connection
   const cn = (navigator as any).connection as { saveData: boolean, effectiveType: string } | null

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-loading-indicator.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ export default defineComponent({
     }
   },
   setup (props, { slots }) {
+    // TODO: use computed values in useLoadingIndicator
+    // eslint-disable-next-line vue/no-setup-props-destructure
     const indicator = useLoadingIndicator({
       duration: props.duration,
       throttle: props.throttle
@@ -52,14 +54,16 @@ export default defineComponent({
       }
     })
 
-    nuxtApp.hook('page:finish', indicator.finish)
+    const unsubPage = nuxtApp.hook('page:finish', indicator.finish)
-    nuxtApp.hook('vue:error', indicator.finish)
+    const unsubError = nuxtApp.hook('vue:error', indicator.finish)
 
     onBeforeUnmount(() => {
       const index = globalMiddleware.indexOf(indicator.start)
       if (index >= 0) {
         globalMiddleware.splice(index, 1)
       }
+      unsubPage()
+      unsubError()
       indicator.clear()
     })
 
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ function useLoadingIndicator (opts: {
   function start () {
     clear()
     progress.value = 0
-    if (opts.throttle && process.client) {
+    if (opts.throttle && import.meta.client) {
       _throttle = setTimeout(() => {
         isLoading.value = true
         _startTimer()
@@ -127,7 +131,7 @@ function useLoadingIndicator (opts: {
 
   function _hide () {
     clear()
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       setTimeout(() => {
         isLoading.value = false
         setTimeout(() => { progress.value = 0 }, 400)
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ function useLoadingIndicator (opts: {
   }
 
   function _startTimer () {
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       _timer = setInterval(() => { _increase(step.value) }, 100)
     }
   }

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-root.vue

@@ -16,23 +16,23 @@ import { PageRouteSymbol } from '#app/components/injections'
 import AppComponent from '#build/app-component.mjs'
 import ErrorComponent from '#build/error-component.mjs'
 
-const IslandRenderer = process.server
+const IslandRenderer = import.meta.server
   ? defineAsyncComponent(() => import('./island-renderer').then(r => r.default || r))
   : () => null
 
 const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
 const onResolve = nuxtApp.deferHydration()
 
-const url = process.server ? nuxtApp.ssrContext.url : window.location.pathname
+const url = import.meta.server ? nuxtApp.ssrContext.url : window.location.pathname
-const SingleRenderer = process.test && process.dev && process.server && url.startsWith('/__nuxt_component_test__/') && /* #__PURE__ */ defineAsyncComponent(() => import('#build/test-component-wrapper.mjs')
+const SingleRenderer = import.meta.test && import.meta.dev && import.meta.server && url.startsWith('/__nuxt_component_test__/') && /* #__PURE__ */ defineAsyncComponent(() => import('#build/test-component-wrapper.mjs')
-  .then(r => r.default(process.server ? url : window.location.href)))
+  .then(r => r.default(import.meta.server ? url : window.location.href)))
 
 // Inject default route (outside of pages) as active route
 provide(PageRouteSymbol, useRoute())
 
 // vue:setup hook
 const results = nuxtApp.hooks.callHookWith(hooks => hooks.map(hook => hook()), 'vue:setup')
-if (process.dev && results && results.some(i => i && 'then' in i)) {
+if (import.meta.dev && results && results.some(i => i && 'then' in i)) {
   console.error('[nuxt] Error in `vue:setup`. Callbacks must be synchronous.')
 }
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if (process.dev && results && results.some(i => i && 'then' in i)) {
 const error = useError()
 onErrorCaptured((err, target, info) => {
   nuxtApp.hooks.callHook('vue:error', err, target, info).catch(hookError => console.error('[nuxt] Error in `vue:error` hook', hookError))
-  if (process.server || (isNuxtError(err) && (err.fatal || err.unhandled))) {
+  if (import.meta.server || (isNuxtError(err) && (err.fatal || err.unhandled))) {
     const p = nuxtApp.runWithContext(() => showError(err))
     onServerPrefetch(() => p)
     return false // suppress error from breaking render
@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@ onErrorCaptured((err, target, info) => {
 })
 
 // Component islands context
-const { islandContext } = process.server && nuxtApp.ssrContext
+const islandContext = import.meta.server && nuxtApp.ssrContext.islandContext
 </script>

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/route-provider.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export const RouteProvider = defineComponent({
     provide(PageRouteSymbol, shallowReactive(route))
 
     let vnode: VNode
-    if (process.dev && process.client && props.trackRootNodes) {
+    if (import.meta.dev && import.meta.client && props.trackRootNodes) {
       onMounted(() => {
         nextTick(() => {
           if (['#comment', '#text'].includes(vnode?.el?.nodeName)) {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export const RouteProvider = defineComponent({
     }
 
     return () => {
-      if (process.dev && process.client) {
+      if (import.meta.dev && import.meta.client) {
         vnode = h(props.vnode, { ref: props.vnodeRef })
         return vnode
       }

packages/nuxt/src/app/components/utils.ts

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export function vforToArray (source: any): any[] {
   } else if (isString(source)) {
     return source.split('')
   } else if (typeof source === 'number') {
-    if (process.dev && !Number.isInteger(source)) {
+    if (import.meta.dev && !Number.isInteger(source)) {
       console.warn(`The v-for range expect an integer value but got ${source}.`)
     }
     const array = []

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/asyncData.ts

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ export function useAsyncData<
   const fetchOnServer = options.server !== false && nuxt.payload.serverRendered
 
   // Server side
-  if (process.server && fetchOnServer && options.immediate) {
+  if (import.meta.server && fetchOnServer && options.immediate) {
     const promise = initialFetch()
     if (getCurrentInstance()) {
       onServerPrefetch(() => promise)
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ export function useAsyncData<
   }
 
   // Client side
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     // Setup hook callbacks once per instance
     const instance = getCurrentInstance()
     if (instance && !instance._nuxtOnBeforeMountCbs) {
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ export function useNuxtData<DataT = any> (key: string): { data: Ref<DataT | null
 }
 
 export async function refreshNuxtData (keys?: string | string[]): Promise<void> {
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     return Promise.resolve()
   }
 

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/chunk.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export interface ReloadNuxtAppOptions {
 }
 
 export function reloadNuxtApp (options: ReloadNuxtAppOptions = {}) {
-  if (process.server) { return }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return }
   const path = options.path || window.location.pathname
 
   let handledPath: Record<string, any> = {}

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/component.ts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ async function runLegacyAsyncData (res: Record<string, any> | Promise<Record<str
   }
   if (data.value && typeof data.value === 'object') {
     Object.assign(await res, toRefs(reactive(data.value)))
-  } else if (process.dev) {
+  } else if (import.meta.dev) {
     console.warn('[nuxt] asyncData should return an object', data)
   }
 }

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/cookie.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export function useCookie<T = string | null | undefined> (name: string, _opts?:
 
   const cookie = ref<T | undefined>(cookies[name] as any ?? opts.default?.())
 
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     const channel = typeof BroadcastChannel === 'undefined' ? null : new BroadcastChannel(`nuxt:cookies:${name}`)
     if (getCurrentInstance()) { onUnmounted(() => { channel?.close() }) }
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export function useCookie<T = string | null | undefined> (name: string, _opts?:
     } else {
       callback()
     }
-  } else if (process.server) {
+  } else if (import.meta.server) {
     const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
     const writeFinalCookieValue = () => {
       if (!isEqual(cookie.value, cookies[name])) {
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ export function useCookie<T = string | null | undefined> (name: string, _opts?:
 }
 
 function readRawCookies (opts: CookieOptions = {}): Record<string, string> | undefined {
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     return parse(useRequestEvent()?.node.req.headers.cookie || '', opts)
-  } else if (process.client) {
+  } else if (import.meta.client) {
     return parse(document.cookie, opts)
   }
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ function serializeCookie (name: string, value: any, opts: CookieSerializeOptions
 }
 
 function writeClientCookie (name: string, value: any, opts: CookieSerializeOptions = {}) {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     document.cookie = serializeCookie(name, value, opts)
   }
 }

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/error.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export const showError = (_err: string | Error | Partial<NuxtError>) => {
   try {
     const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
     const error = useError()
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       nuxtApp.hooks.callHook('app:error', err)
     }
     error.value = error.value || err

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/fetch.ts

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ export function useFetch<
     const isLocalFetch = typeof _request.value === 'string' && _request.value.startsWith('/')
     let _$fetch = opts.$fetch || globalThis.$fetch
     // Use fetch with request context and headers for server direct API calls
-    if (process.server && !opts.$fetch && isLocalFetch) {
+    if (import.meta.server && !opts.$fetch && isLocalFetch) {
       _$fetch = useRequestFetch()
     }
 

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/hydrate.ts

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ import type { NuxtPayload } from '#app'
 export const useHydration = <K extends keyof NuxtPayload, T = NuxtPayload[K]> (key: K, get: () => T, set: (value: T) => void) => {
   const nuxt = useNuxtApp()
 
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     nuxt.hooks.hook('app:rendered', () => {
       nuxt.payload[key] = get()
     })
   }
 
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     nuxt.hooks.hook('app:created', () => {
       set(nuxt.payload[key] as T)
     })

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/payload.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ interface LoadPayloadOptions {
 }
 
 export function loadPayload (url: string, opts: LoadPayloadOptions = {}): Record<string, any> | Promise<Record<string, any>> | null {
-  if (process.server) { return null }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return null }
   const payloadURL = _getPayloadURL(url, opts)
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
   const cache = nuxtApp._payloadCache = nuxtApp._payloadCache || {}
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function _getPayloadURL (url: string, opts: LoadPayloadOptions = {}) {
 }
 
 async function _importPayload (payloadURL: string) {
-  if (process.server) { return null }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return null }
   try {
     return renderJsonPayloads
       ? parsePayload(await fetch(payloadURL).then(res => res.text()))
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export function isPrerendered () {
 
 let payloadCache: any = null
 export async function getNuxtClientPayload () {
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     return
   }
   if (payloadCache) {
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ export function definePayloadReducer (
   name: string,
   reduce: (data: any) => any
 ) {
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     useNuxtApp().ssrContext!._payloadReducers[name] = reduce
   }
 }
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ export function definePayloadReviver (
   name: string,
   revive: (data: string) => any | undefined
 ) {
-  if (process.dev && getCurrentInstance()) {
+  if (import.meta.dev && getCurrentInstance()) {
     console.warn('[nuxt] [definePayloadReviver] This function must be called in a Nuxt plugin that is `unshift`ed to the beginning of the Nuxt plugins array.')
   }
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     useNuxtApp()._payloadRevivers[name] = revive
   }
 }

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/preload.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { useRouter } from './router'
  * @param components Pascal-cased name or names of components to prefetch
  */
 export const preloadComponents = async (components: string | string[]) => {
-  if (process.server) { return }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return }
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
 
   components = Array.isArray(components) ? components : [components]
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function _loadAsyncComponent (component: Component) {
 }
 
 export async function preloadRouteComponents (to: RouteLocationRaw, router: Router & { _routePreloaded?: Set<string>; _preloadPromises?: Array<Promise<any>> } = useRouter()): Promise<void> {
-  if (process.server) { return }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return }
 
   const { path, matched } = router.resolve(to)
 

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/ready.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useNuxtApp } from '../nuxt'
 import { requestIdleCallback } from '../compat/idle-callback'
 
 export const onNuxtReady = (callback: () => any) => {
-  if (process.server) { return }
+  if (import.meta.server) { return }
 
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
   if (nuxtApp.isHydrating) {

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/router.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const useRouter: typeof _useRouter = () => {
 }
 
 export const useRoute: typeof _useRoute = () => {
-  if (process.dev && isProcessingMiddleware()) {
+  if (import.meta.dev && isProcessingMiddleware()) {
     console.warn('[nuxt] Calling `useRoute` within middleware may lead to misleading results. Instead, use the (to, from) arguments passed to the middleware to access the new and old routes.')
   }
   if (hasInjectionContext()) {
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export const navigateTo = (to: RouteLocationRaw | undefined | null, options?: Na
 
   // Early open handler
   if (options?.open) {
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       const { target = '_blank', windowFeatures = {} } = options.open
 
       const features = Object.entries(windowFeatures)
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export const navigateTo = (to: RouteLocationRaw | undefined | null, options?: Na
   const inMiddleware = isProcessingMiddleware()
 
   // Early redirect on client-side
-  if (process.client && !isExternal && inMiddleware) {
+  if (import.meta.client && !isExternal && inMiddleware) {
     return to
   }
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ export const navigateTo = (to: RouteLocationRaw | undefined | null, options?: Na
 
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
 
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     if (nuxtApp.ssrContext) {
       const fullPath = typeof to === 'string' || isExternal ? toPath : router.resolve(to).fullPath || '/'
       const location = isExternal ? toPath : joinURL(useRuntimeConfig().app.baseURL, fullPath)
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ export const navigateTo = (to: RouteLocationRaw | undefined | null, options?: Na
 
 /** This will abort navigation within a Nuxt route middleware handler. */
 export const abortNavigation = (err?: string | Partial<NuxtError>) => {
-  if (process.dev && !isProcessingMiddleware()) {
+  if (import.meta.dev && !isProcessingMiddleware()) {
     throw new Error('abortNavigation() is only usable inside a route middleware handler.')
   }
 
@@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ export const abortNavigation = (err?: string | Partial<NuxtError>) => {
 }
 
 export const setPageLayout = (layout: unknown extends PageMeta['layout'] ? string : PageMeta['layout']) => {
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
-    if (process.dev && getCurrentInstance() && useState('_layout').value !== layout) {
+    if (import.meta.dev && getCurrentInstance() && useState('_layout').value !== layout) {
       console.warn('[warn] [nuxt] `setPageLayout` should not be called to change the layout on the server within a component as this will cause hydration errors.')
     }
     useState('_layout').value = layout
   }
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
-  if (process.dev && nuxtApp.isHydrating && nuxtApp.payload.serverRendered && useState('_layout').value !== layout) {
+  if (import.meta.dev && nuxtApp.isHydrating && nuxtApp.payload.serverRendered && useState('_layout').value !== layout) {
     console.warn('[warn] [nuxt] `setPageLayout` should not be called to change the layout during hydration as this will cause hydration errors.')
   }
   const inMiddleware = isProcessingMiddleware()
-  if (inMiddleware || process.server || nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
+  if (inMiddleware || import.meta.server || nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
     const unsubscribe = useRouter().beforeResolve((to) => {
       to.meta.layout = layout as Exclude<PageMeta['layout'], Ref | false>
       unsubscribe()

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/ssr.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import type { H3Event } from 'h3'
 import { setResponseStatus as _setResponseStatus } from 'h3'
 import type { NuxtApp } from '../nuxt'
@@ -7,7 +6,7 @@ import { useNuxtApp } from '../nuxt'
 export function useRequestHeaders<K extends string = string> (include: K[]): { [key in Lowercase<K>]?: string }
 export function useRequestHeaders (): Readonly<Record<string, string>>
 export function useRequestHeaders (include?: any[]) {
-  if (process.client) { return {} }
+  if (import.meta.client) { return {} }
   const headers = useNuxtApp().ssrContext?.event.node.req.headers ?? {}
   if (!include) { return headers }
   return Object.fromEntries(include.map(key => key.toLowerCase()).filter(key => headers[key]).map(key => [key, headers[key]]))
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ export function useRequestEvent (nuxtApp: NuxtApp = useNuxtApp()): H3Event {
 }
 
 export function useRequestFetch (): typeof global.$fetch {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return globalThis.$fetch
   }
   const event = useNuxtApp().ssrContext?.event as H3Event
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ export function setResponseStatus (event: H3Event, code?: number, message?: stri
 /** @deprecated Pass `event` as first option. */
 export function setResponseStatus (code: number, message?: string): void
 export function setResponseStatus (arg1: H3Event | number | undefined, arg2?: number | string, arg3?: string) {
-  if (process.client) { return }
+  if (import.meta.client) { return }
   if (arg1 && typeof arg1 !== 'number') {
     return _setResponseStatus(arg1, arg2 as number | undefined, arg3)
   }

packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/url.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useRequestEvent } from './ssr'
 import { useRuntimeConfig } from '#app'
 
 export function useRequestURL () {
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     const url = getRequestURL(useRequestEvent())
     url.pathname = joinURL(useRuntimeConfig().app.baseURL, url.pathname)
     return url

packages/nuxt/src/app/config.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function deepAssign (obj: any, newObj: any) {
 export function useAppConfig (): AppConfig {
   const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
   if (!nuxtApp._appConfig) {
-    nuxtApp._appConfig = (process.server ? klona(__appConfig) : reactive(__appConfig)) as AppConfig
+    nuxtApp._appConfig = (import.meta.server ? klona(__appConfig) : reactive(__appConfig)) as AppConfig
   }
   return nuxtApp._appConfig
 }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export function updateAppConfig (appConfig: DeepPartial<AppConfig>) {
 }
 
 // HMR Support
-if (process.dev) {
+if (import.meta.dev) {
   function applyHMR (newConfig: AppConfig) {
     const appConfig = useAppConfig()
     if (newConfig && appConfig) {

packages/nuxt/src/app/entry.async.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import type { CreateOptions } from '#app'
 
-const entry = process.server
+const entry = import.meta.server
   ? (ctx?: CreateOptions['ssrContext']) => import('#app/entry').then(m => m.default(ctx))
   : () => import('#app/entry').then(m => m.default)
 
-if (process.client) {
+if (import.meta.client) {
   entry()
 }
 

packages/nuxt/src/app/entry.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import plugins from '#build/plugins'
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
 import RootComponent from '#build/root-component.mjs'
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
-import { appRootId } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
+import { vueAppRootContainer } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
 
 if (!globalThis.$fetch) {
   globalThis.$fetch = $fetch.create({
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ if (!globalThis.$fetch) {
 
 let entry: Function
 
-if (process.server) {
+if (import.meta.server) {
   entry = async function createNuxtAppServer (ssrContext: CreateOptions['ssrContext']) {
     const vueApp = createApp(RootComponent)
 
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ if (process.server) {
   }
 }
 
-if (process.client) {
+if (import.meta.client) {
   // TODO: temporary webpack 5 HMR fix
   // https://github.com/webpack-contrib/webpack-hot-middleware/issues/390
-  if (process.dev && import.meta.webpackHot) {
+  if (import.meta.dev && import.meta.webpackHot) {
     import.meta.webpackHot.accept()
   }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ if (process.client) {
     try {
       await nuxt.hooks.callHook('app:created', vueApp)
       await nuxt.hooks.callHook('app:beforeMount', vueApp)
-      vueApp.mount('#' + appRootId)
+      vueApp.mount(vueAppRootContainer)
       await nuxt.hooks.callHook('app:mounted', vueApp)
       await nextTick()
     } catch (err) {

packages/nuxt/src/app/nuxt.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ import type { RouteMiddleware } from '../../app'
 import type { NuxtError } from '../app/composables/error'
 import type { AsyncDataRequestStatus } from '../app/composables/asyncData'
 
-const nuxtAppCtx = /* #__PURE__ */ getContext<NuxtApp>('nuxt-app')
+const nuxtAppCtx = /* #__PURE__ */ getContext<NuxtApp>('nuxt-app', {
+  asyncContext: !!process.env.NUXT_ASYNC_CONTEXT && process.server
+})
 
 type HookResult = Promise<void> | void
 
@@ -210,13 +212,13 @@ export function createNuxtApp (options: CreateOptions) {
       data: {},
       state: {},
       _errors: {},
-      ...(process.client ? window.__NUXT__ ?? {} : { serverRendered: true })
+      ...(import.meta.client ? window.__NUXT__ ?? {} : { serverRendered: true })
     }),
     static: {
       data: {}
     },
     runWithContext: (fn: any) => callWithNuxt(nuxtApp, fn),
-    isHydrating: process.client,
+    isHydrating: import.meta.client,
     deferHydration () {
       if (!nuxtApp.isHydrating) { return () => {} }
 
@@ -244,7 +246,7 @@ export function createNuxtApp (options: CreateOptions) {
   nuxtApp.hooks = createHooks<RuntimeNuxtHooks>()
   nuxtApp.hook = nuxtApp.hooks.hook
 
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     async function contextCaller (hooks: HookCallback[], args: any[]) {
       for (const hook of hooks) {
         await nuxtApp.runWithContext(() => hook(...args))
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ export function createNuxtApp (options: CreateOptions) {
   defineGetter(nuxtApp.vueApp, '$nuxt', nuxtApp)
   defineGetter(nuxtApp.vueApp.config.globalProperties, '$nuxt', nuxtApp)
 
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     if (nuxtApp.ssrContext) {
       // Expose nuxt to the renderContext
       nuxtApp.ssrContext.nuxt = nuxtApp
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ export function createNuxtApp (options: CreateOptions) {
   }
 
   // Listen to chunk load errors
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     window.addEventListener('nuxt.preloadError', (event) => {
       nuxtApp.callHook('app:chunkError', { error: (event as Event & { payload: Error }).payload })
     })
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ export function createNuxtApp (options: CreateOptions) {
   }
 
   // Expose runtime config
-  const runtimeConfig = process.server ? options.ssrContext!.runtimeConfig : reactive(nuxtApp.payload.config!)
+  const runtimeConfig = import.meta.server ? options.ssrContext!.runtimeConfig : reactive(nuxtApp.payload.config!)
   nuxtApp.provide('config', runtimeConfig)
 
   return nuxtApp
@@ -329,7 +331,7 @@ export async function applyPlugins (nuxtApp: NuxtApp, plugins: Array<Plugin & Ob
   const parallels: Promise<any>[] = []
   const errors: Error[] = []
   for (const plugin of plugins) {
-    if (process.server && nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext && plugin.env?.islands === false) { continue }
+    if (import.meta.server && nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext && plugin.env?.islands === false) { continue }
     const promise = applyPlugin(nuxtApp, plugin)
     if (plugin.parallel) {
       parallels.push(promise.catch(e => errors.push(e)))
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ export function isNuxtPlugin (plugin: unknown) {
  */
 export function callWithNuxt<T extends (...args: any[]) => any> (nuxt: NuxtApp | _NuxtApp, setup: T, args?: Parameters<T>) {
   const fn: () => ReturnType<T> = () => args ? setup(...args as Parameters<T>) : setup()
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     return nuxt.vueApp.runWithContext(() => nuxtAppCtx.callAsync(nuxt as NuxtApp, fn))
   } else {
     // In client side we could assume nuxt app is singleton
@@ -385,7 +387,7 @@ export function useNuxtApp (): NuxtApp {
   nuxtAppInstance = nuxtAppInstance || nuxtAppCtx.tryUse()
 
   if (!nuxtAppInstance) {
-    if (process.dev) {
+    if (import.meta.dev) {
       throw new Error('[nuxt] A composable that requires access to the Nuxt instance was called outside of a plugin, Nuxt hook, Nuxt middleware, or Vue setup function. This is probably not a Nuxt bug. Find out more at `https://nuxt.com/docs/guide/concepts/auto-imports#using-vue-and-nuxt-composables`.')
     } else {
       throw new Error('[nuxt] instance unavailable')

packages/nuxt/src/app/plugins/router.ts

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin<{ route: Route, router: Router }>({
   name: 'nuxt:router',
   enforce: 'pre',
   setup (nuxtApp) {
-    const initialURL = process.client
+    const initialURL = import.meta.client
       ? withoutBase(window.location.pathname, useRuntimeConfig().app.baseURL) + window.location.search + window.location.hash
       : nuxtApp.ssrContext!.url
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin<{ route: Route, router: Router }>({
         }
         // Perform navigation
         Object.assign(route, to)
-        if (process.client) {
+        if (import.meta.client) {
           window.history[replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, '', joinURL(baseURL, to.fullPath))
           if (!nuxtApp.isHydrating) {
             // Clear any existing errors
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin<{ route: Route, router: Router }>({
           await middleware(to, route)
         }
       } catch (err) {
-        if (process.dev && !hooks.error.length) {
+        if (import.meta.dev && !hooks.error.length) {
           console.warn('No error handlers registered to handle middleware errors. You can register an error handler with `router.onError()`', err)
         }
         for (const handler of hooks.error) {
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin<{ route: Route, router: Router }>({
       }
     })
 
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       window.addEventListener('popstate', (event) => {
         const location = (event.target as Window).location
         router.replace(location.href.replace(location.origin, ''))
@@ -235,12 +235,12 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin<{ route: Route, router: Router }>({
         }
         nuxtApp._processingMiddleware = true
 
-        if (process.client || !nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext) {
+        if (import.meta.client || !nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext) {
           const middlewareEntries = new Set<RouteGuard>([...globalMiddleware, ...nuxtApp._middleware.global])
 
           for (const middleware of middlewareEntries) {
             const result = await nuxtApp.runWithContext(() => middleware(to, from))
-            if (process.server) {
+            if (import.meta.server) {
               if (result === false || result instanceof Error) {
                 const error = result || createError({
                   statusCode: 404,

packages/nuxt/src/app/types/augments.d.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 import type { NuxtApp, useNuxtApp } from '../nuxt'
 
+interface NuxtStaticBuildFlags {
+  browser: boolean
+  client: boolean
+  dev: boolean
+  server: boolean
+  test: boolean
+}
+
 declare global {
   namespace NodeJS {
-    interface Process {
+    interface Process extends NuxtStaticBuildFlags {}
-      browser: boolean
-      client: boolean
-      dev: boolean
-      mode: 'spa' | 'universal'
-      server: boolean
-      static: boolean
-    }
   }
 
+  interface ImportMeta extends NuxtStaticBuildFlags {}
+
   interface Window {
     __NUXT__?: Record<string, any>
     useNuxtApp?: typeof useNuxtApp

packages/nuxt/src/components/templates.ts

@@ -36,20 +36,25 @@ export default defineNuxtPlugin({
 export const componentsPluginTemplate: NuxtPluginTemplate<ComponentsTemplateContext> = {
   filename: 'components.plugin.mjs',
   getContents ({ app }) {
-    const globalComponents = new Set<string>()
+    const lazyGlobalComponents = new Set<string>()
+    const syncGlobalComponents = new Set<string>()
     for (const component of app.components) {
-      if (component.global) {
+      if (component.global === 'sync') {
-        globalComponents.add(component.pascalName)
+        syncGlobalComponents.add(component.pascalName)
+      } else if (component.global) {
+        lazyGlobalComponents.add(component.pascalName)
       }
     }
-    if (!globalComponents.size) { return emptyComponentsPlugin }
+    if (!lazyGlobalComponents.size && !syncGlobalComponents.size) { return emptyComponentsPlugin }
 
-    const components = [...globalComponents]
+    const lazyComponents = [...lazyGlobalComponents]
+    const syncComponents = [...syncGlobalComponents]
 
     return `import { defineNuxtPlugin } from '#app/nuxt'
-import { ${components.map(c => 'Lazy' + c).join(', ')} } from '#components'
+import { ${[...lazyComponents.map(c => 'Lazy' + c), ...syncComponents].join(', ')} } from '#components'
 const lazyGlobalComponents = [
-  ${components.map(c => `["${c}", Lazy${c}]`).join(',\n')}
+  ${lazyComponents.map(c => `["${c}", Lazy${c}]`).join(',\n')},
+  ${syncComponents.map(c => `["${c}", ${c}]`).join(',\n')}
 ]
 
 export default defineNuxtPlugin({

packages/nuxt/src/core/app.ts

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ async function resolveApp (nuxt: Nuxt, app: NuxtApp) {
     )
   }
   if (!app.mainComponent) {
-    app.mainComponent = (await tryResolveModule('@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/welcome.vue', nuxt.options.modulesDir))!
+    app.mainComponent = (await tryResolveModule('@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/welcome.vue', nuxt.options.modulesDir)) ?? '@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/welcome.vue'
   }
 
   // Resolve root component

packages/nuxt/src/core/builder.ts

@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ import { isIgnored, tryResolveModule, useNuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { interopDefault } from 'mlly'
 import { debounce } from 'perfect-debounce'
 import { normalize, relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
-import type { Nuxt } from 'nuxt/schema'
+import type { Nuxt, NuxtBuilder } from 'nuxt/schema'
 
 import { generateApp as _generateApp, createApp } from './app'
+import { checkForExternalConfigurationFiles } from './external-config-files'
 
 export async function build (nuxt: Nuxt) {
   const app = createApp(nuxt)
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ export async function build (nuxt: Nuxt) {
 
   await nuxt.callHook('build:before')
   if (!nuxt.options._prepare) {
-    await bundle(nuxt)
+    await Promise.all([checkForExternalConfigurationFiles(), bundle(nuxt)])
     await nuxt.callHook('build:done')
   }
 
@@ -178,23 +179,23 @@ async function bundle (nuxt: Nuxt) {
       ? await loadBuilder(nuxt, nuxt.options.builder)
       : nuxt.options.builder
 
-    return bundle(nuxt)
+    await bundle(nuxt)
   } catch (error: any) {
     await nuxt.callHook('build:error', error)
 
     if (error.toString().includes('Cannot find module \'@nuxt/webpack-builder\'')) {
-      throw new Error([
+      throw new Error('Could not load `@nuxt/webpack-builder`. You may need to add it to your project dependencies, following the steps in `https://github.com/nuxt/framework/pull/2812`.')
-        'Could not load `@nuxt/webpack-builder`. You may need to add it to your project dependencies, following the steps in `https://github.com/nuxt/framework/pull/2812`.'
-      ].join('\n'))
     }
 
     throw error
   }
 }
 
-async function loadBuilder (nuxt: Nuxt, builder: string) {
+async function loadBuilder (nuxt: Nuxt, builder: string): Promise<NuxtBuilder> {
   const builderPath = await tryResolveModule(builder, [nuxt.options.rootDir, import.meta.url])
-  if (builderPath) {
+
-    return import(pathToFileURL(builderPath).href)
+  if (!builderPath) {
+    throw new Error(`Loading \`${builder}\` builder failed. You can read more about the nuxt \`builder\` option at: \`https://nuxt.com/docs/api/configuration/nuxt-config#builder\``)
   }
+  return import(pathToFileURL(builderPath).href)
 }

packages/nuxt/src/core/external-config-files.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { findPath } from '@nuxt/kit'
+import { basename } from 'pathe'
+import { generateApp as _generateApp } from './app'
+
+/**
+ * Check for those external configuration files that are not compatible with Nuxt,
+ * and warns the user about them.
+ *
+ * @see {@link https://nuxt.com/docs/getting-started/configuration#external-configuration-files}
+ */
+export async function checkForExternalConfigurationFiles () {
+  const checkResults = await Promise.all([checkViteConfig(), checkWebpackConfig(), checkNitroConfig(), checkPostCSSConfig()])
+  const warningMessages = checkResults.filter(Boolean) as string[]
+
+  if (!warningMessages.length) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const foundOneExternalConfig = warningMessages.length === 1
+  if (foundOneExternalConfig) {
+    console.warn(warningMessages[0])
+  } else {
+    const warningsAsList = warningMessages.map(message => `- ${message}`).join('\n')
+    const warning = `Found multiple external configuration files: \n\n${warningsAsList}`
+    console.warn(warning)
+  }
+}
+
+async function checkViteConfig () {
+  // https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/8fe69524d25d45290179175ba9b9956cbce87a91/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts#L38
+  return await checkAndWarnAboutConfigFileExistence({
+    fileName: 'vite.config',
+    extensions: ['.js', '.mjs', '.ts', '.cjs', '.mts', '.cts'],
+    createWarningMessage: foundFile => `Using \`${foundFile}\` is not supported together with Nuxt. Use \`options.vite\` instead. You can read more in \`https://nuxt.com/docs/api/configuration/nuxt-config#vite\`.`
+  })
+}
+
+async function checkWebpackConfig () {
+  // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/configuration-languages/
+  return await checkAndWarnAboutConfigFileExistence({
+    fileName: 'webpack.config',
+    extensions: ['.js', '.mjs', '.ts', '.cjs', '.mts', '.cts', 'coffee'],
+    createWarningMessage: foundFile => `Using \`${foundFile}\` is not supported together with Nuxt. Use \`options.webpack\` instead. You can read more in \`https://nuxt.com/docs/api/configuration/nuxt-config#webpack-1\`.`
+  })
+}
+
+async function checkNitroConfig () {
+  // https://nitro.unjs.io/config#configuration
+  return await checkAndWarnAboutConfigFileExistence({
+    fileName: 'nitro.config',
+    extensions: ['.ts', '.mts'],
+    createWarningMessage: foundFile => `Using \`${foundFile}\` is not supported together with Nuxt. Use \`options.nitro\` instead. You can read more in \`https://nuxt.com/docs/api/configuration/nuxt-config#nitro\`.`
+  })
+}
+
+async function checkPostCSSConfig () {
+  return await checkAndWarnAboutConfigFileExistence({
+    fileName: 'postcss.config',
+    extensions: ['.js', '.cjs'],
+    createWarningMessage: foundFile => `Using \`${foundFile}\` is not supported together with Nuxt. Use \`options.postcss\` instead. You can read more in \`https://nuxt.com/docs/api/configuration/nuxt-config#postcss\`.`
+  })
+}
+
+interface CheckAndWarnAboutConfigFileExistenceOptions {
+  fileName: string,
+  extensions: string[],
+  createWarningMessage: (foundFile: string) => string
+}
+
+async function checkAndWarnAboutConfigFileExistence (options: CheckAndWarnAboutConfigFileExistenceOptions) {
+  const { fileName, extensions, createWarningMessage } = options
+
+  const configFile = await findPath(fileName, { extensions }).catch(() => null)
+  if (configFile) {
+    return createWarningMessage(basename(configFile))
+  }
+}

packages/nuxt/src/core/features.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { addDependency } from 'nypm'
 import { resolvePackageJSON } from 'pkg-types'
 import { logger } from '@nuxt/kit'
+import { isCI } from 'std-env'
 import prompts from 'prompts'
 
 export async function ensurePackageInstalled (rootDir: string, name: string, searchPaths?: string[]) {
@@ -9,6 +10,9 @@ export async function ensurePackageInstalled (rootDir: string, name: string, sea
   }
 
   logger.info(`Package ${name} is missing`)
+  if (isCI) {
+    return false
+  }
 
   const { confirm } = await prompts({
     type: 'confirm',

packages/nuxt/src/core/nitro.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ export async function initNitro (nuxt: Nuxt & { _nitro?: Nitro }) {
     buildDir: nuxt.options.buildDir,
     experimental: {
       // @ts-expect-error `typescriptBundlerResolution` coming in next nitro version
-      typescriptBundlerResolution: nuxt.options.experimental.typescriptBundlerResolution || nuxt.options.typescript?.tsConfig?.compilerOptions?.moduleResolution?.toLowerCase() === 'bundler' || _nitroConfig.typescript?.tsConfig?.compilerOptions?.moduleResolution?.toLowerCase() === 'bundler'
+      typescriptBundlerResolution: nuxt.options.experimental.typescriptBundlerResolution || nuxt.options.typescript?.tsConfig?.compilerOptions?.moduleResolution?.toLowerCase() === 'bundler' || _nitroConfig.typescript?.tsConfig?.compilerOptions?.moduleResolution?.toLowerCase() === 'bundler',
+      asyncContext: nuxt.options.experimental.asyncContext
     },
     imports: {
       autoImport: nuxt.options.imports.autoImport as boolean,
@@ -191,6 +192,7 @@ export async function initNitro (nuxt: Nuxt & { _nitro?: Nitro }) {
       'process.env.NUXT_INLINE_STYLES': !!nuxt.options.experimental.inlineSSRStyles,
       'process.env.NUXT_JSON_PAYLOADS': !!nuxt.options.experimental.renderJsonPayloads,
       'process.env.NUXT_COMPONENT_ISLANDS': !!nuxt.options.experimental.componentIslands,
+      'process.env.NUXT_ASYNC_CONTEXT': !!nuxt.options.experimental.asyncContext,
       'process.dev': nuxt.options.dev,
       __VUE_PROD_DEVTOOLS__: false
     },

packages/nuxt/src/core/nuxt.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import { addModuleTranspiles } from './modules'
 import { initNitro } from './nitro'
 import schemaModule from './schema'
 import { RemovePluginMetadataPlugin } from './plugins/plugin-metadata'
+import { AsyncContextInjectionPlugin } from './plugins/async-context'
+import { resolveDeepImportsPlugin } from './plugins/resolve-deep-imports'
 
 export function createNuxt (options: NuxtOptions): Nuxt {
   const hooks = createHooks<NuxtHooks>()
@@ -86,6 +88,9 @@ async function initNuxt (nuxt: Nuxt) {
   addVitePlugin(() => ImportProtectionPlugin.vite(config))
   addWebpackPlugin(() => ImportProtectionPlugin.webpack(config))
 
+  // add resolver for modules used in virtual files
+  addVitePlugin(() => resolveDeepImportsPlugin(nuxt))
+
   if (nuxt.options.experimental.localLayerAliases) {
     // Add layer aliasing support for ~, ~~, @ and @@ aliases
     addVitePlugin(() => LayerAliasingPlugin.vite({
@@ -139,6 +144,11 @@ async function initNuxt (nuxt: Nuxt) {
     addWebpackPlugin(() => DevOnlyPlugin.webpack({ sourcemap: nuxt.options.sourcemap.server || nuxt.options.sourcemap.client }))
   }
 
+  // Transform initial composable call within `<script setup>` to preserve context
+  if (nuxt.options.experimental.asyncContext) {
+    addBuildPlugin(AsyncContextInjectionPlugin(nuxt))
+  }
+
   // TODO: [Experimental] Avoid emitting assets when flag is enabled
   if (nuxt.options.experimental.noScripts && !nuxt.options.dev) {
     nuxt.hook('build:manifest', async (manifest) => {

packages/nuxt/src/core/plugins/async-context.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { createUnplugin } from 'unplugin'
+import MagicString from 'magic-string'
+import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/schema'
+import type { Node } from 'estree-walker'
+import { walk } from 'estree-walker'
+import type { BlockStatement } from 'estree'
+import { isVue } from '../utils'
+
+export const AsyncContextInjectionPlugin = (nuxt: Nuxt) => createUnplugin(() => {
+  return {
+    name: 'nuxt:async-context-injection',
+    transformInclude (id) {
+      return isVue(id, { type: ['template', 'script'] })
+    },
+    transform (code) {
+      const s = new MagicString(code)
+
+      let importName: string
+
+      walk(this.parse(code) as Node, {
+        enter (node) {
+          // only interested in calls of defineComponent function
+          if (node.type === 'ImportDeclaration' && node.source.value === 'vue') {
+            importName = importName ?? node.specifiers.find(s => s.type === 'ImportSpecifier' && s.imported.name === 'defineComponent')?.local.name
+          }
+          // we only want to transform `async setup()` functions
+          if (node.type === 'CallExpression' && node.callee.type === 'Identifier' && node.callee.name === importName) {
+            walk(node, {
+              enter (setup) {
+                if (setup.type === 'Property' && setup.key.type === 'Identifier' && setup.key.name === 'setup') {
+                  if (setup.value.type === 'FunctionExpression' && setup.value.async) {
+                    const body: BlockStatement = setup.value.body
+                    const { start, end } = body as BlockStatement & { start: number, end: number }
+                    s.appendLeft(start, '{ return useNuxtApp().runWithContext(async () => ')
+                    s.appendRight(end, ') }')
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            })
+          }
+        }
+      })
+
+      if (s.hasChanged()) {
+        return {
+          code: s.toString(),
+          map: nuxt.options.sourcemap.client || nuxt.options.sourcemap.server
+            ? s.generateMap({ hires: true })
+            : undefined
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})

packages/nuxt/src/core/plugins/resolve-deep-imports.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { parseNodeModulePath, resolvePath } from 'mlly'
+import { isAbsolute, normalize } from 'pathe'
+import type { Plugin } from 'vite'
+import { resolveAlias } from '@nuxt/kit'
+import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/schema'
+
+import { pkgDir } from '../../dirs'
+
+export function resolveDeepImportsPlugin (nuxt: Nuxt): Plugin {
+  return {
+    name: 'nuxt:resolve-bare-imports',
+    enforce: 'post',
+    async resolveId (id, importer, options) {
+      if (!importer || isAbsolute(id) || !isAbsolute(importer) || id.startsWith('virtual:') || id.startsWith('/__skip_vite')) {
+        return
+      }
+      id = normalize(id)
+      id = resolveAlias(id, nuxt.options.alias)
+      const { dir } = parseNodeModulePath(importer)
+      return await this.resolve?.(id, dir || pkgDir, { skipSelf: true }) ?? await resolvePath(id, {
+        url: [dir || pkgDir, ...nuxt.options.modulesDir],
+        // TODO: respect nitro runtime conditions
+        conditions: options.ssr ? ['node', 'import', 'require'] : ['import', 'require']
+      }).catch(() => {
+        console.log('[nuxt] Could not resolve id', id, importer)
+        return null
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}

packages/nuxt/src/core/runtime/nitro/error.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export default <NitroErrorHandler> async function errorhandler (error: H3Error,
     statusCode,
     statusMessage,
     message,
-    stack: process.dev && statusCode !== 404
+    stack: import.meta.dev && statusCode !== 404
       ? `<pre>${stack.map(i => `<span class="stack${i.internal ? ' internal' : ''}">${i.text}</span>`).join('\n')}</pre>`
       : '',
     data: error.data
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ export default <NitroErrorHandler> async function errorhandler (error: H3Error,
 
   // Fallback to static rendered error page
   if (!res) {
-    const { template } = process.dev
+    const { template } = import.meta.dev
       // @ts-expect-error TODO: add legacy type support for subpath imports
       ? await import('@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/error-dev.mjs')
       // @ts-expect-error TODO: add legacy type support for subpath imports
       : await import('@nuxt/ui-templates/templates/error-500.mjs')
-    if (process.dev) {
+    if (import.meta.dev) {
       // TODO: Support `message` in template
       (errorObject as any).description = errorObject.message
     }

packages/nuxt/src/core/runtime/nitro/renderer.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { AsyncLocalStorage } from 'node:async_hooks'
 import {
   createRenderer,
   getPrefetchLinks,
@@ -16,12 +17,15 @@ import { joinURL, withoutTrailingSlash } from 'ufo'
 import { renderToString as _renderToString } from 'vue/server-renderer'
 import { hash } from 'ohash'
 import { renderSSRHead } from '@unhead/ssr'
+import type { HeadEntryOptions } from '@unhead/schema'
 
 import { defineRenderHandler, getRouteRules, useRuntimeConfig, useStorage } from '#internal/nitro'
 import { useNitroApp } from '#internal/nitro/app'
 
 import type { Link, Script } from '@unhead/vue'
 import { createServerHead } from '@unhead/vue'
+// @ts-expect-error virtual file
+import unheadPlugins from '#internal/unhead-plugins.mjs'
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-restricted-paths
 import type { NuxtPayload, NuxtSSRContext } from '#app/nuxt'
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
@@ -34,6 +38,11 @@ globalThis.__buildAssetsURL = buildAssetsURL
 // @ts-expect-error private property consumed by vite-generated url helpers
 globalThis.__publicAssetsURL = publicAssetsURL
 
+// Polyfill for unctx (https://github.com/unjs/unctx#native-async-context)
+if (process.env.NUXT_ASYNC_CONTEXT && !('AsyncLocalStorage' in globalThis)) {
+  (globalThis as any).AsyncLocalStorage = AsyncLocalStorage
+}
+
 export interface NuxtRenderHTMLContext {
   island?: boolean
   htmlAttrs: string[]
@@ -108,10 +117,10 @@ const getSSRRenderer = lazyCachedFunction(async () => {
   async function renderToString (input: RenderToStringParams[0], context: RenderToStringParams[1]) {
     const html = await _renderToString(input, context)
     // In development with vite-node, the manifest is on-demand and will be available after rendering
-    if (process.dev && process.env.NUXT_VITE_NODE_OPTIONS) {
+    if (import.meta.dev && process.env.NUXT_VITE_NODE_OPTIONS) {
       renderer.rendererContext.updateManifest(await getClientManifest())
     }
-    return `<${appRootTag} id="${appRootId}">${html}</${appRootTag}>`
+    return `<${appRootTag}${appRootId ? ` id="${appRootId}"` : ''}>${html}</${appRootTag}>`
   }
 
   return renderer
@@ -126,7 +135,7 @@ const getSPARenderer = lazyCachedFunction(async () => {
 
   const options = {
     manifest,
-    renderToString: () => `<${appRootTag} id="${appRootId}">${spaTemplate}</${appRootTag}>`,
+    renderToString: () => `<${appRootTag}${appRootId ? ` id="${appRootId}"` : ''}>${spaTemplate}</${appRootTag}>`,
     buildAssetsURL
   }
   // Create SPA renderer and cache the result for all requests
@@ -155,14 +164,14 @@ const getSPARenderer = lazyCachedFunction(async () => {
   }
 })
 
-const payloadCache = process.env.prerender ? useStorage('internal:nuxt:prerender:payload') : null
+const payloadCache = import.meta.prerender ? useStorage('internal:nuxt:prerender:payload') : null
-const islandCache = process.env.prerender ? useStorage('internal:nuxt:prerender:island') : null
+const islandCache = import.meta.prerender ? useStorage('internal:nuxt:prerender:island') : null
-const islandPropCache = process.env.prerender ? useStorage('internal:nuxt:prerender:island-props') : null
+const islandPropCache = import.meta.prerender ? useStorage('internal:nuxt:prerender:island-props') : null
 
 async function getIslandContext (event: H3Event): Promise<NuxtIslandContext> {
   // TODO: Strict validation for url
   let url = event.node.req.url || ''
-  if (process.env.prerender && event.node.req.url && await islandPropCache!.hasItem(event.node.req.url)) {
+  if (import.meta.prerender && event.node.req.url && await islandPropCache!.hasItem(event.node.req.url)) {
     // rehydrate props from cache so we can rerender island if cache does not have it any more
     url = await islandPropCache!.getItem(event.node.req.url) as string
   }
@@ -185,7 +194,7 @@ async function getIslandContext (event: H3Event): Promise<NuxtIslandContext> {
 }
 
 const PAYLOAD_URL_RE = process.env.NUXT_JSON_PAYLOADS ? /\/_payload(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)?.json(\?.*)?$/ : /\/_payload(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)?.js(\?.*)?$/
-const ROOT_NODE_REGEX = new RegExp(`^<${appRootTag} id="${appRootId}">([\\s\\S]*)</${appRootTag}>$`)
+const ROOT_NODE_REGEX = new RegExp(`^<${appRootTag}${appRootId ? ` id="${appRootId}"` : ''}>([\\s\\S]*)</${appRootTag}>$`)
 
 const PRERENDER_NO_SSR_ROUTES = new Set(['/index.html', '/200.html', '/404.html'])
 
@@ -213,7 +222,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
     ? await getIslandContext(event)
     : undefined
 
-  if (process.env.prerender && islandContext && event.node.req.url && await islandCache!.hasItem(event.node.req.url)) {
+  if (import.meta.prerender && islandContext && event.node.req.url && await islandCache!.hasItem(event.node.req.url)) {
     return islandCache!.getItem(event.node.req.url) as Promise<Partial<RenderResponse>>
   }
 
@@ -225,7 +234,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
   if (isRenderingPayload) {
     url = url.substring(0, url.lastIndexOf('/')) || '/'
     event.node.req.url = url
-    if (process.env.prerender && await payloadCache!.hasItem(url)) {
+    if (import.meta.prerender && await payloadCache!.hasItem(url)) {
       return payloadCache!.getItem(url) as Promise<Partial<RenderResponse>>
     }
   }
@@ -233,8 +242,12 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
   // Get route options (currently to apply `ssr: false`)
   const routeOptions = getRouteRules(event)
 
-  const head = createServerHead()
+  const head = createServerHead({
-  head.push(appHead)
+    plugins: unheadPlugins
+  })
+  // needed for hash hydration plugin to work
+  const headEntryOptions: HeadEntryOptions = { mode: 'server' }
+  head.push(appHead, headEntryOptions)
 
   // Initialize ssr context
   const ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext = {
@@ -245,7 +258,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
       !!(process.env.NUXT_NO_SSR) ||
       event.context.nuxt?.noSSR ||
       routeOptions.ssr === false ||
-      (process.env.prerender ? PRERENDER_NO_SSR_ROUTES.has(url) : false),
+      (import.meta.prerender ? PRERENDER_NO_SSR_ROUTES.has(url) : false),
     head,
     error: !!ssrError,
     nuxt: undefined!, /* NuxtApp */
@@ -255,9 +268,9 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
   }
 
   // Whether we are prerendering route
-  const _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION = process.env.prerender && process.env.NUXT_PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION && !ssrContext.noSSR && !islandContext
+  const _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION = import.meta.prerender && process.env.NUXT_PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION && !ssrContext.noSSR && !islandContext
   const payloadURL = _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION ? joinURL(useRuntimeConfig().app.baseURL, url, process.env.NUXT_JSON_PAYLOADS ? '_payload.json' : '_payload.js') : undefined
-  if (process.env.prerender) {
+  if (import.meta.prerender) {
     ssrContext.payload.prerenderedAt = Date.now()
   }
 
@@ -265,7 +278,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
   const renderer = (process.env.NUXT_NO_SSR || ssrContext.noSSR) ? await getSPARenderer() : await getSSRRenderer()
 
   // Render 103 Early Hints
-  if (process.env.NUXT_EARLY_HINTS && !isRenderingPayload && !process.env.prerender) {
+  if (process.env.NUXT_EARLY_HINTS && !isRenderingPayload && !import.meta.prerender) {
     const { link } = renderResourceHeaders({}, renderer.rendererContext)
     writeEarlyHints(event, link)
   }
@@ -291,7 +304,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
   // Directly render payload routes
   if (isRenderingPayload) {
     const response = renderPayloadResponse(ssrContext)
-    if (process.env.prerender) {
+    if (import.meta.prerender) {
       await payloadCache!.setItem(url, response)
     }
     return response
@@ -330,7 +343,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
           ? { rel: 'preload', as: 'fetch', crossorigin: 'anonymous', href: payloadURL }
           : { rel: 'modulepreload', href: payloadURL }
       ]
-    })
+    }, headEntryOptions)
   }
 
   // 2. Styles
@@ -340,17 +353,17 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
         ({ rel: 'stylesheet', href: renderer.rendererContext.buildAssetsURL(resource.file) })
       ),
     style: inlinedStyles
-  })
+  }, headEntryOptions)
 
   if (!NO_SCRIPTS) {
     // 3. Resource Hints
     // TODO: add priorities based on Capo
     head.push({
       link: getPreloadLinks(ssrContext, renderer.rendererContext) as Link[]
-    })
+    }, headEntryOptions)
     head.push({
       link: getPrefetchLinks(ssrContext, renderer.rendererContext) as Link[]
-    })
+    }, headEntryOptions)
     // 4. Payloads
     head.push({
       script: _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION
@@ -361,6 +374,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
           ? renderPayloadJsonScript({ id: '__NUXT_DATA__', ssrContext, data: ssrContext.payload })
           : renderPayloadScript({ ssrContext, data: ssrContext.payload })
     }, {
+      ...headEntryOptions,
       // this should come before another end of body scripts
       tagPosition: 'bodyClose',
       tagPriority: 'high'
@@ -376,7 +390,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
         defer: resource.module ? null : true,
         crossorigin: ''
       }))
-    })
+    }, headEntryOptions)
   }
 
   // remove certain tags for nuxt islands
@@ -428,7 +442,7 @@ export default defineRenderHandler(async (event): Promise<Partial<RenderResponse
         'x-powered-by': 'Nuxt'
       }
     } satisfies RenderResponse
-    if (process.env.prerender) {
+    if (import.meta.prerender) {
       await islandCache!.setItem(`/__nuxt_island/${islandContext!.name}_${islandContext!.id}`, response)
       await islandPropCache!.setItem(`/__nuxt_island/${islandContext!.name}_${islandContext!.id}`, event.node.req.url!)
     }
@@ -527,7 +541,7 @@ function renderPayloadJsonScript (opts: { id: string, ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext
 
 function renderPayloadScript (opts: { ssrContext: NuxtSSRContext, data?: any, src?: string }): Script[] {
   opts.data.config = opts.ssrContext.config
-  const _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION = process.env.prerender && process.env.NUXT_PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION && !opts.ssrContext.noSSR
+  const _PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION = import.meta.prerender && process.env.NUXT_PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION && !opts.ssrContext.noSSR
   if (_PAYLOAD_EXTRACTION) {
     return [
       {

packages/nuxt/src/core/templates.ts

@@ -280,10 +280,18 @@ export const appConfigTemplate: NuxtTemplate = {
   write: true,
   getContents: async ({ app, nuxt }) => {
     return `
+import { updateAppConfig } from '#app'
 import { defuFn } from '${await _resolveId('defu')}'
 
 const inlineConfig = ${JSON.stringify(nuxt.options.appConfig, null, 2)}
 
+// Vite - webpack is handled directly in #app/config
+if (import.meta.hot) {
+  import.meta.hot.accept((newModule) => {
+    updateAppConfig(newModule.default)
+  })
+}
+
 ${app.configs.map((id: string, index: number) => `import ${`cfg${index}`} from ${JSON.stringify(id)}`).join('\n')}
 
 export default /* #__PURE__ */ defuFn(${app.configs.map((_id: string, index: number) => `cfg${index}`).concat(['inlineConfig']).join(', ')})
@@ -313,7 +321,7 @@ export const publicPathTemplate: NuxtTemplate = {
       '}',
 
       // On server these are registered directly in packages/nuxt/src/core/runtime/nitro/renderer.ts
-      'if (process.client) {',
+      'if (import.meta.client) {',
       '  globalThis.__buildAssetsURL = buildAssetsURL',
       '  globalThis.__publicAssetsURL = publicAssetsURL',
       '}'
@@ -331,7 +339,8 @@ export const nuxtConfigTemplate = {
       `export const componentIslands = ${!!ctx.nuxt.options.experimental.componentIslands}`,
       `export const remoteComponentIslands = ${ctx.nuxt.options.experimental.componentIslands === 'local+remote'}`,
       `export const devPagesDir = ${ctx.nuxt.options.dev ? JSON.stringify(ctx.nuxt.options.dir.pages) : 'null'}`,
-      `export const devRootDir = ${ctx.nuxt.options.dev ? JSON.stringify(ctx.nuxt.options.rootDir) : 'null'}`
+      `export const devRootDir = ${ctx.nuxt.options.dev ? JSON.stringify(ctx.nuxt.options.rootDir) : 'null'}`,
+      `export const vueAppRootContainer = ${ctx.nuxt.options.app.rootId ? `'#${ctx.nuxt.options.app.rootId}'` : `'body > ${ctx.nuxt.options.app.rootTag}'`}`
     ].join('\n\n')
   }
 }

packages/nuxt/src/head/module.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { resolve } from 'pathe'
-import { addComponent, addImportsSources, addPlugin, defineNuxtModule, tryResolveModule } from '@nuxt/kit'
+import { addComponent, addImportsSources, addPlugin, addTemplate, defineNuxtModule, tryResolveModule } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { distDir } from '../dirs'
 
 const components = ['NoScript', 'Link', 'Base', 'Title', 'Meta', 'Style', 'Head', 'Html', 'Body']
@@ -54,9 +54,26 @@ export default defineNuxtModule({
       addPlugin({ src: resolve(runtimeDir, 'plugins/vueuse-head-polyfill') })
     }
 
-    if (nuxt.options.experimental.headCapoPlugin) {
+    addTemplate({
-      addPlugin({ src: resolve(runtimeDir, 'plugins/capo') })
+      filename: 'unhead-plugins.mjs',
-    }
+      getContents () {
+        if (!nuxt.options.experimental.headNext) {
+          return 'export default []'
+        }
+        // TODO don't use HashHydrationPlugin for SPA
+        return `import { CapoPlugin, HashHydrationPlugin } from '@unhead/vue'
+const plugins = [HashHydrationPlugin()];
+if (process.server) {
+  plugins.push(CapoPlugin({ track: true }));
+}
+export default plugins;`
+      }
+    })
+
+    // template is only exposed in nuxt context, expose in nitro context as well
+    nuxt.hooks.hook('nitro:config', (config) => {
+      config.virtual!['#internal/unhead-plugins.mjs'] = () => nuxt.vfs['#build/unhead-plugins']
+    })
 
     // Add library-specific plugin
     addPlugin({ src: resolve(runtimeDir, 'plugins/unhead') })

packages/nuxt/src/head/runtime/components.ts

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export const Title = defineComponent({
   name: 'Title',
   inheritAttrs: false,
   setup: setupForUseMeta((_, { slots }) => {
-    if (process.dev) {
+    if (import.meta.dev) {
       const defaultSlot = slots.default?.()
 
       if (defaultSlot && (defaultSlot.length > 1 || typeof defaultSlot[0].children !== 'string')) {
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ export const Style = defineComponent({
     const style = { ...props }
     const textContent = slots.default?.()?.[0]?.children
     if (textContent) {
-      if (process.dev && typeof textContent !== 'string') {
+      if (import.meta.dev && typeof textContent !== 'string') {
         console.error('<Style> can only take a string in its default slot.')
       }
       style.children = textContent

packages/nuxt/src/head/runtime/plugins/capo.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import { CapoPlugin } from '@unhead/vue'
-import { defineNuxtPlugin } from '#app/nuxt'
-
-export default defineNuxtPlugin({
-  name: 'nuxt:head:capo',
-  setup (nuxtApp) {
-    nuxtApp.vueApp._context.provides.usehead.use(CapoPlugin({ track: true }))
-  }
-})

packages/nuxt/src/head/runtime/plugins/unhead.ts

@@ -1,27 +1,34 @@
 import { createHead as createClientHead } from '@unhead/vue'
+import { renderDOMHead } from '@unhead/dom'
 import { defineNuxtPlugin } from '#app/nuxt'
 
+// @ts-expect-error virtual file
+import unheadPlugins from '#build/unhead-plugins.mjs'
+
 export default defineNuxtPlugin({
   name: 'nuxt:head',
   setup (nuxtApp) {
-    const head = process.server ? nuxtApp.ssrContext!.head : createClientHead()
+    const head = import.meta.server
+      ? nuxtApp.ssrContext!.head
+      : createClientHead({
+        plugins: unheadPlugins
+      })
     // nuxt.config appHead is set server-side within the renderer
     nuxtApp.vueApp.use(head)
 
-    if (process.client) {
+    if (import.meta.client) {
       // pause dom updates until page is ready and between page transitions
       let pauseDOMUpdates = true
-      const unpauseDom = () => {
+      const syncHead = async () => {
         pauseDOMUpdates = false
-        // trigger the debounced DOM update
+        await renderDOMHead(head)
-        head.hooks.callHook('entries:updated', head)
       }
       head.hooks.hook('dom:beforeRender', (context) => { context.shouldRender = !pauseDOMUpdates })
       nuxtApp.hooks.hook('page:start', () => { pauseDOMUpdates = true })
       // wait for new page before unpausing dom updates (triggered after suspense resolved)
-      nuxtApp.hooks.hook('page:finish', unpauseDom)
+      nuxtApp.hooks.hook('page:finish', syncHead)
       // unpause the DOM once the mount suspense is resolved
-      nuxtApp.hooks.hook('app:suspense:resolve', unpauseDom)
+      nuxtApp.hooks.hook('app:suspense:resolve', syncHead)
     }
   }
 })

packages/nuxt/src/imports/module.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import { addTemplate, addVitePlugin, addWebpackPlugin, defineNuxtModule, resolveAlias, updateTemplates, useNuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
+import { addTemplate, addVitePlugin, addWebpackPlugin, defineNuxtModule, resolveAlias, tryResolveModule, updateTemplates, useNuxt } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { isAbsolute, join, normalize, relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import type { Import, Unimport } from 'unimport'
 import { createUnimport, scanDirExports } from 'unimport'
 import type { ImportPresetWithDeprecation, ImportsOptions } from 'nuxt/schema'
 
+import { lookupNodeModuleSubpath, parseNodeModulePath } from 'mlly'
 import { TransformPlugin } from './transform'
 import { defaultPresets } from './presets'
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ export default defineNuxtModule<Partial<ImportsOptions>>({
     // Support for importing from '#imports'
     addTemplate({
       filename: 'imports.mjs',
-      getContents: async () => await ctx.toExports() + '\nif (process.dev) { console.warn("[nuxt] `#imports` should be transformed with real imports. There seems to be something wrong with the imports plugin.") }'
+      getContents: async () => await ctx.toExports() + '\nif (import.meta.dev) { console.warn("[nuxt] `#imports` should be transformed with real imports. There seems to be something wrong with the imports plugin.") }'
     })
     nuxt.options.alias['#imports'] = join(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'imports')
 
@@ -140,19 +141,29 @@ function addDeclarationTemplates (ctx: Unimport, options: Partial<ImportsOptions
   // Remove file extension for benefit of TypeScript
   const stripExtension = (path: string) => path.replace(/\.[a-z]+$/, '')
 
-  const resolved: Record<string, string> = {}
+  const resolvedImportPathMap = new Map<string, string>()
-  const r = ({ from }: Import) => {
+  const r = ({ from }: Import) => resolvedImportPathMap.get(from)
-    if (resolved[from]) {
+  async function cacheImportPaths (imports: Import[]) {
-      return resolved[from]
+    for (const i of imports) {
-    }
+      if (resolvedImportPathMap.has(i.from)) { continue }
-    let path = resolveAlias(from)
+      let path = resolveAlias(i.from)
-    if (isAbsolute(path)) {
+      if (!isAbsolute(path)) {
-      path = relative(join(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'types'), path)
+        path = await tryResolveModule(i.from, nuxt.options.modulesDir).then(async (r) => {
-    }
+          if (!r) { return r }
 
-    path = stripExtension(path)
+          const { dir, name } = parseNodeModulePath(r)
-    resolved[from] = path
+          if (!dir || !name) { return r }
-    return path
+          const subpath = await lookupNodeModuleSubpath(r)
+          return join(dir, name, subpath || '')
+        }) ?? path
+      }
+      if (isAbsolute(path)) {
+        path = relative(join(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'types'), path)
+      }
+
+      path = stripExtension(path)
+      resolvedImportPathMap.set(i.from, path)
+    }
   }
 
   addTemplate({
@@ -162,10 +173,14 @@ function addDeclarationTemplates (ctx: Unimport, options: Partial<ImportsOptions
 
   addTemplate({
     filename: 'types/imports.d.ts',
-    getContents: async () => '// Generated by auto imports\n' + (
+    getContents: async () => {
-      options.autoImport
+      const imports = await ctx.getImports().then(r => r.filter(i => !i.type))
-        ? await ctx.generateTypeDeclarations({ resolvePath: r })
+      await cacheImportPaths(imports)
-        : '// Implicit auto importing is disabled, you can use explicitly import from `#imports` instead.'
+      return '// Generated by auto imports\n' + (
-    )
+        options.autoImport
+          ? await ctx.generateTypeDeclarations({ resolvePath: r })
+          : '// Implicit auto importing is disabled, you can use explicitly import from `#imports` instead.'
+      )
+    }
   })
 }

packages/nuxt/src/pages/module.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { existsSync, readdirSync } from 'node:fs'
 import { mkdir, readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
-import { addComponent, addPlugin, addTemplate, addVitePlugin, addWebpackPlugin, defineNuxtModule, findPath, updateTemplates } from '@nuxt/kit'
+import { addBuildPlugin, addComponent, addPlugin, addTemplate, addVitePlugin, addWebpackPlugin, defineNuxtModule, findPath, updateTemplates } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { dirname, join, relative, resolve } from 'pathe'
 import { genImport, genObjectFromRawEntries, genString } from 'knitwork'
 import { joinURL } from 'ufo'
-import type { NuxtApp, NuxtPage } from 'nuxt/schema'
+import type { Nuxt, NuxtApp, NuxtPage } from 'nuxt/schema'
 import { createRoutesContext } from 'unplugin-vue-router'
 import { resolveOptions } from 'unplugin-vue-router/options'
 import type { EditableTreeNode, Options as TypedRouterOptions } from 'unplugin-vue-router'
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { distDir } from '../dirs'
 import { normalizeRoutes, resolvePagesRoutes } from './utils'
 import type { PageMetaPluginOptions } from './page-meta'
 import { PageMetaPlugin } from './page-meta'
+import { RouteInjectionPlugin } from './route-injection'
 
 const OPTIONAL_PARAM_RE = /^\/?:.*(\?|\(\.\*\)\*)$/
 
@@ -253,6 +254,11 @@ export default defineNuxtModule({
     // Add prefetching support for middleware & layouts
     addPlugin(resolve(runtimeDir, 'plugins/prefetch.client'))
 
+    // Add build plugin to ensure template $route is kept in sync with `<NuxtPage>`
+    if (nuxt.options.experimental.templateRouteInjection) {
+      addBuildPlugin(RouteInjectionPlugin(nuxt), { server: false })
+    }
+
     // Add router plugin
     addPlugin(resolve(runtimeDir, 'plugins/router'))
 
@@ -333,8 +339,8 @@ export default defineNuxtModule({
 
     addTemplate({
       filename: 'types/middleware.d.ts',
-      getContents: ({ app }: { app: NuxtApp }) => {
+      getContents: ({ nuxt, app }: { nuxt: Nuxt, app: NuxtApp }) => {
-        const composablesFile = resolve(runtimeDir, 'composables')
+        const composablesFile = relative(join(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'types'), resolve(runtimeDir, 'composables'))
         const namedMiddleware = app.middleware.filter(mw => !mw.global)
         return [
           'import type { NavigationGuard } from \'vue-router\'',
@@ -350,8 +356,8 @@ export default defineNuxtModule({
 
     addTemplate({
       filename: 'types/layouts.d.ts',
-      getContents: ({ app }: { app: NuxtApp }) => {
+      getContents: ({ nuxt, app }: { nuxt: Nuxt, app: NuxtApp }) => {
-        const composablesFile = resolve(runtimeDir, 'composables')
+        const composablesFile = relative(join(nuxt.options.buildDir, 'types'), resolve(runtimeDir, 'composables'))
         return [
           'import { ComputedRef, MaybeRef } from \'vue\'',
           `export type LayoutKey = ${Object.keys(app.layouts).map(name => genString(name)).join(' | ') || 'string'}`,

packages/nuxt/src/pages/route-injection.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { createUnplugin } from 'unplugin'
+import MagicString from 'magic-string'
+import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/schema'
+import { isVue } from '../core/utils'
+
+const INJECTION_RE = /\b_ctx\.\$route\b/g
+const INJECTION_SINGLE_RE = /\b_ctx\.\$route\b/
+
+export const RouteInjectionPlugin = (nuxt: Nuxt) => createUnplugin(() => {
+  return {
+    name: 'nuxt:route-injection-plugin',
+    enforce: 'post',
+    transformInclude (id) {
+      return isVue(id, { type: ['template', 'script'] })
+    },
+    transform (code) {
+      if (!INJECTION_SINGLE_RE.test(code) || code.includes('_ctx._.provides[__nuxt_route_symbol')) { return }
+
+      let replaced = false
+      const s = new MagicString(code)
+      s.replace(INJECTION_RE, () => {
+        replaced = true
+        return '(_ctx._.provides[__nuxt_route_symbol] || _ctx.$route)'
+      })
+      if (replaced) {
+        s.prepend('import { PageRouteSymbol as __nuxt_route_symbol } from \'#app/components/injections\';\n')
+      }
+
+      if (s.hasChanged()) {
+        return {
+          code: s.toString(),
+          map: nuxt.options.sourcemap.client || nuxt.options.sourcemap.server
+            ? s.generateMap({ hires: true })
+            : undefined
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})

packages/nuxt/src/pages/runtime/composables.ts

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ const warnRuntimeUsage = (method: string) =>
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
 export const definePageMeta = (meta: PageMeta): void => {
-  if (process.dev) {
+  if (import.meta.dev) {
     const component = getCurrentInstance()?.type
     try {
       const isRouteComponent = component && useRoute().matched.some(p => Object.values(p.components || {}).includes(component))

packages/nuxt/src/pages/runtime/page-placeholder.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { devPagesDir } from '#build/nuxt.config.mjs'
 export default defineComponent({
   name: 'NuxtPage',
   setup (_, props) {
-    if (process.dev) {
+    if (import.meta.dev) {
       console.warn(`Create a Vue component in the \`${devPagesDir}/\` directory to enable \`<NuxtPage>\``)
     }
     return () => props.slots.default?.()

packages/nuxt/src/pages/runtime/page.ts

@@ -51,24 +51,24 @@ export default defineComponent({
     return () => {
       return h(RouterView, { name: props.name, route: props.route, ...attrs }, {
         default: (routeProps: RouterViewSlotProps) => {
-          const isRenderingNewRouteInOldFork = process.client && haveParentRoutesRendered(forkRoute, routeProps.route, routeProps.Component)
+          const isRenderingNewRouteInOldFork = import.meta.client && haveParentRoutesRendered(forkRoute, routeProps.route, routeProps.Component)
-          const hasSameChildren = process.client && forkRoute && forkRoute.matched.length === routeProps.route.matched.length
+          const hasSameChildren = import.meta.client && forkRoute && forkRoute.matched.length === routeProps.route.matched.length
 
           if (!routeProps.Component) {
             // If we're rendering a `<NuxtPage>` child route on navigation to a route which lacks a child page
             // we'll render the old vnode until the new route finishes resolving
-            if (process.client && vnode && !hasSameChildren) {
+            if (import.meta.client && vnode && !hasSameChildren) {
               return vnode
             }
             return
           }
 
           // Return old vnode if we are rendering _new_ page suspense fork in _old_ layout suspense fork
-          if (process.client && vnode && _layoutMeta && !_layoutMeta.isCurrent(routeProps.route)) {
+          if (import.meta.client && vnode && _layoutMeta && !_layoutMeta.isCurrent(routeProps.route)) {
             return vnode
           }
 
-          if (process.client && isRenderingNewRouteInOldFork && forkRoute && (!_layoutMeta || _layoutMeta?.isCurrent(forkRoute))) {
+          if (import.meta.client && isRenderingNewRouteInOldFork && forkRoute && (!_layoutMeta || _layoutMeta?.isCurrent(forkRoute))) {
             // if leaving a route with an existing child route, render the old vnode
             if (hasSameChildren) {
               return vnode

packages/nuxt/src/pages/runtime/plugins/router.ts

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ const plugin: Plugin<{ router: Router }> = defineNuxtPlugin({
       routerBase += '#'
     }
 
-    const history = routerOptions.history?.(routerBase) ?? (process.client
+    const history = routerOptions.history?.(routerBase) ?? (import.meta.client
       ? (routerOptions.hashMode ? createWebHashHistory(routerBase) : createWebHistory(routerBase))
       : createMemoryHistory(routerBase)
     )
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const plugin: Plugin<{ router: Router }> = defineNuxtPlugin({
     const routes = routerOptions.routes?.(_routes) ?? _routes
 
     let startPosition: Parameters<RouterScrollBehavior>[2] | null
-    const initialURL = process.server
+    const initialURL = import.meta.server
       ? nuxtApp.ssrContext!.url
       : createCurrentLocation(routerBase, window.location, nuxtApp.payload.path)
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ const plugin: Plugin<{ router: Router }> = defineNuxtPlugin({
     const error = useError()
 
     try {
-      if (process.server) {
+      if (import.meta.server) {
         await router.push(initialURL)
       }
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ const plugin: Plugin<{ router: Router }> = defineNuxtPlugin({
       }
       nuxtApp._processingMiddleware = true
 
-      if (process.client || !nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext) {
+      if (import.meta.client || !nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext) {
         type MiddlewareDef = string | RouteMiddleware
         const middlewareEntries = new Set<MiddlewareDef>([...globalMiddleware, ...nuxtApp._middleware.global])
         for (const component of to.matched) {
@@ -161,14 +161,14 @@ const plugin: Plugin<{ router: Router }> = defineNuxtPlugin({
           const middleware = typeof entry === 'string' ? nuxtApp._middleware.named[entry] || await namedMiddleware[entry]?.().then((r: any) => r.default || r) : entry
 
           if (!middleware) {
-            if (process.dev) {
+            if (import.meta.dev) {
               throw new Error(`Unknown route middleware: '${entry}'. Valid middleware: ${Object.keys(namedMiddleware).map(mw => `'${mw}'`).join(', ')}.`)
             }
             throw new Error(`Unknown route middleware: '${entry}'.`)
           }
 
           const result = await nuxtApp.runWithContext(() => middleware(to, from))
-          if (process.server || (!nuxtApp.payload.serverRendered && nuxtApp.isHydrating)) {
+          if (import.meta.server || (!nuxtApp.payload.serverRendered && nuxtApp.isHydrating)) {
             if (result === false || result instanceof Error) {
               const error = result || createError({
                 statusCode: 404,
@@ -191,20 +191,20 @@ const plugin: Plugin<{ router: Router }> = defineNuxtPlugin({
     router.afterEach(async (to, _from, failure) => {
       delete nuxtApp._processingMiddleware
 
-      if (process.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating && error.value) {
+      if (import.meta.client && !nuxtApp.isHydrating && error.value) {
         // Clear any existing errors
         await nuxtApp.runWithContext(clearError)
       }
-      if (process.server && failure?.type === 4 /* ErrorTypes.NAVIGATION_ABORTED */) {
+      if (import.meta.server && failure?.type === 4 /* ErrorTypes.NAVIGATION_ABORTED */) {
         return
       }
-      if (to.matched.length === 0 && (!process.server || !nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext)) {
+      if (to.matched.length === 0 && (!import.meta.server || !nuxtApp.ssrContext?.islandContext)) {
         await nuxtApp.runWithContext(() => showError(createError({
           statusCode: 404,
           fatal: false,
           statusMessage: `Page not found: ${to.fullPath}`
         })))
-      } else if (process.server && to.redirectedFrom && to.fullPath !== initialURL) {
+      } else if (import.meta.server && to.redirectedFrom && to.fullPath !== initialURL) {
         await nuxtApp.runWithContext(() => navigateTo(to.fullPath || '/'))
       }
     })

packages/nuxt/src/pages/runtime/utils.ts

@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ export const generateRouteKey = (routeProps: RouterViewSlotProps, override?: str
 }
 
 export const wrapInKeepAlive = (props: any, children: any) => {
-  return { default: () => process.client && props ? h(KeepAlive, props === true ? {} : props, children) : children }
+  return { default: () => import.meta.client && props ? h(KeepAlive, props === true ? {} : props, children) : children }
 }

packages/nuxt/src/pages/runtime/validate.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export default defineNuxtRouteMiddleware(async (to) => {
   if (result === true) {
     return
   }
-  if (process.server) {
+  if (import.meta.server) {
     return result
   }
   const error = createError({

packages/nuxt/test/fixture/components/client/WithClientOnlySetup.vue

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ const ByeBye = defineAsyncComponent(() => import('./../some-glob.global.vue'))
 
 const NotDotClientComponent = defineAsyncComponent(() => import('./../some.island.vue'))
 const SomeIsland = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../some.island.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ const SomeIsland = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
 })
 
 const NotToBeTreeShaken = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ const NotToBeTreeShaken = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
 })
 
 const { ObjectPattern } = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ const { ObjectPattern } = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
 })
 
 const { ObjectPattern: ObjectPatternDeclaration } = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ const { ObjectPattern: ObjectPatternDeclaration } = defineAsyncComponent(async (
 })
 
 const { ObjectPattern: Halllo, ButShouldNotBeTreeShaken } = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ const { ObjectPattern: Halllo, ButShouldNotBeTreeShaken } = defineAsyncComponent
 const isThis = {}
 
 const { woooooo, What = isThis } = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ const { woooooo, What = isThis } = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
 console.log(woooooo)
 
 const { Deep, assignment: { Pattern = ofComponent } } = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ const { Deep, assignment: { Pattern = ofComponent } } = defineAsyncComponent(asy
 })
 
 const [FromArray] = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ const [FromArray] = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
 })
 
 const [Please, { Dont, Doo }, That] = defineAsyncComponent(async () => {
-  if (process.client) {
+  if (import.meta.client) {
     return (await import('./../HelloWorld.vue'))
   }
 

packages/schema/package.json

@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@
     "prepack": "unbuild"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@nuxt/telemetry": "2.3.2",
+    "@nuxt/telemetry": "2.4.1",
     "@types/file-loader": "5.0.1",
     "@types/pug": "2.0.6",
     "@types/sass-loader": "8.0.5",
-    "@unhead/schema": "1.2.2",
+    "@unhead/schema": "1.3.3",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "4.2.3",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue-jsx": "3.0.1",
     "@vue/compiler-core": "3.3.4",
-    "esbuild-loader": "3.1.0",
+    "esbuild-loader": "4.0.0",
-    "h3": "1.7.1",
+    "h3": "1.8.0",
     "ignore": "5.2.4",
     "nitropack": "2.5.2",
     "unbuild": "latest",
     "unctx": "2.3.1",
-    "vite": "4.4.8",
+    "vite": "4.4.9",
     "vue": "3.3.4",
     "vue-bundle-renderer": "2.0.0",
     "vue-loader": "17.2.2",

packages/schema/src/config/adhoc.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export default defineUntypedSchema({
     /**
      * An array of custom directories that will be auto-imported.
      * Note that this option will not override the default directories (~/composables, ~/utils).
+     *
      * @example
      * ```js
      * imports: {
@@ -57,9 +58,8 @@ export default defineUntypedSchema({
    * Manually disable nuxt telemetry.
    *
    * @see [Nuxt Telemetry](https://github.com/nuxt/telemetry) for more information.
-   *
    * @type {boolean | Record<string, any>}
-  */
+   */
   telemetry: undefined,
 
   /**