mirror of
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt.git
synced 2024-11-23 14:15:13 +00:00
126 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
126 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
navigation.title: 'Custom useFetch'
|
|
title: Custom useFetch in Nuxt
|
|
description: How to create a custom fetcher for calling your external API in Nuxt 3.
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
When working with Nuxt, you might be making the frontend and fetching an external API, and you might want to set some default options for fetching from your API.
|
|
|
|
The [`$fetch`](/docs/api/utils/dollarfetch) utility function (used by the [`useFetch`](/docs/api/composables/use-fetch) composable) is intentionally not globally configurable. This is important so that fetching behavior throughout your application remains consistent, and other integrations (like modules) can rely on the behavior of core utilities like `$fetch`.
|
|
|
|
However, Nuxt provides a way to create a custom fetcher for your API (or multiple fetchers if you have multiple APIs to call).
|
|
|
|
## Custom `$fetch`
|
|
|
|
Let's create a custom `$fetch` instance with a [Nuxt plugin](/docs/guide/directory-structure/plugins).
|
|
|
|
::note
|
|
`$fetch` is a configured instance of [ofetch](https://github.com/unjs/ofetch) which supports adding the base URL of your Nuxt server as well as direct function calls during SSR (avoiding HTTP roundtrips).
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
Let's pretend here that:
|
|
- The main API is https://api.nuxt.com
|
|
- We are storing the JWT token in a session with [nuxt-auth-utils](https://github.com/atinux/nuxt-auth-utils)
|
|
- If the API responds with a `401` status code, we redirect the user to the `/login` page
|
|
|
|
```ts [plugins/api.ts]
|
|
export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxtApp) => {
|
|
const { session } = useUserSession()
|
|
|
|
const api = $fetch.create({
|
|
baseURL: 'https://api.nuxt.com',
|
|
onRequest({ request, options, error }) {
|
|
if (session.value?.token) {
|
|
// note that this relies on ofetch >= 1.4.0 - you may need to refresh your lockfile
|
|
options.headers.set('Authorization', `Bearer ${session.value?.token}`)
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
async onResponseError({ response }) {
|
|
if (response.status === 401) {
|
|
await nuxtApp.runWithContext(() => navigateTo('/login'))
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Expose to useNuxtApp().$api
|
|
return {
|
|
provide: {
|
|
api
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
With this Nuxt plugin, `$api` is exposed from `useNuxtApp()` to make API calls directly from the Vue components:
|
|
|
|
```vue [app.vue]
|
|
<script setup>
|
|
const { $api } = useNuxtApp()
|
|
const { data: modules } = await useAsyncData('modules', () => $api('/modules'))
|
|
</script>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
::callout
|
|
Wrapping with [`useAsyncData`](/docs/api/composables/use-async-data) **avoid double data fetching when doing server-side rendering** (server & client on hydration).
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
## Custom `useFetch`/`useAsyncData`
|
|
|
|
Now that `$api` has the logic we want, let's create a `useAPI` composable to replace the usage of `useAsyncData` + `$api`:
|
|
|
|
```ts [composables/useAPI.ts]
|
|
import type { UseFetchOptions } from 'nuxt/app'
|
|
|
|
export function useAPI<T>(
|
|
url: string | (() => string),
|
|
options?: UseFetchOptions<T>,
|
|
) {
|
|
return useFetch(url, {
|
|
...options,
|
|
$fetch: useNuxtApp().$api as typeof $fetch
|
|
})
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Let's use the new composable and have a nice and clean component:
|
|
|
|
```vue [app.vue]
|
|
<script setup>
|
|
const { data: modules } = await useAPI('/modules')
|
|
</script>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you want to customize the type of any error returned, you can also do so:
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
import type { FetchError } from 'ofetch'
|
|
import type { UseFetchOptions } from 'nuxt/app'
|
|
|
|
interface CustomError {
|
|
message: string
|
|
statusCode: number
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
export function useAPI<T>(
|
|
url: string | (() => string),
|
|
options?: UseFetchOptions<T>,
|
|
) {
|
|
return useFetch<T, FetchError<CustomError>>(url, {
|
|
...options,
|
|
$fetch: useNuxtApp().$api
|
|
})
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
::note
|
|
This example demonstrates how to use a custom `useFetch`, but the same structure is identical for a custom `useAsyncData`.
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
::callout{icon="i-simple-icons-youtube" color="red" to="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXH8Tr-exhI"}
|
|
Watch a video about custom `$fetch` and Repository Pattern in Nuxt.
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
::note
|
|
We are currently discussing to find a cleaner way to let you create a custom fetcher, see https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/issues/14736.
|
|
::
|