diff --git a/src/indexer.h b/src/indexer.h
index 2d263866..2124317a 100644
--- a/src/indexer.h
+++ b/src/indexer.h
@@ -51,6 +51,15 @@ struct SymbolRef {
 };
 MAKE_HASHABLE(SymbolRef, t.range, t.usr, t.kind, t.role);
 
+struct ExtentRef : SymbolRef {
+  Range extent;
+  std::tuple<Range, Usr, SymbolKind, Role, Range> ToTuple() const {
+    return std::make_tuple(range, usr, kind, role, extent);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const ExtentRef &o) const { return ToTuple() == o.ToTuple(); }
+};
+MAKE_HASHABLE(ExtentRef, t.range, t.usr, t.kind, t.role, t.extent);
+
 struct Ref {
   Range range;
   Role role;
diff --git a/src/messages/ccls_call.cc b/src/messages/ccls_call.cc
index 54de411f..dc6f57c1 100644
--- a/src/messages/ccls_call.cc
+++ b/src/messages/ccls_call.cc
@@ -102,15 +102,16 @@ bool Expand(MessageHandler *m, Out_cclsCall *entry, bool callee,
     } else {
       for (Use use : func.uses) {
         const QueryFile &file1 = m->db->files[use.file_id];
-        Maybe<SymbolRef> best_sym;
-        for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file1.outline2refcnt)
-          if (refcnt > 0 && sym.kind == SymbolKind::Func &&
-              sym.range.start <= use.range.start &&
-              use.range.end <= sym.range.end &&
-              (!best_sym || best_sym->range.start < sym.range.start))
-            best_sym = sym;
-        if (best_sym)
-          handle(*best_sym, use.file_id, call_type);
+        Maybe<ExtentRef> best;
+        for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file1.symbol2refcnt)
+          if (refcnt > 0 && sym.extent.Valid() &&
+              sym.kind == SymbolKind::Func &&
+              sym.extent.start <= use.range.start &&
+              use.range.end <= sym.extent.end &&
+              (!best || best->extent.start < sym.extent.start))
+            best = sym;
+        if (best)
+          handle(*best, use.file_id, call_type);
       }
     }
   };
diff --git a/src/messages/ccls_navigate.cc b/src/messages/ccls_navigate.cc
index 9ab73178..e2528be8 100644
--- a/src/messages/ccls_navigate.cc
+++ b/src/messages/ccls_navigate.cc
@@ -43,49 +43,49 @@ struct Handler_CclsNavigate : BaseMessageHandler<In_CclsNavigate> {
     switch (params.direction[0]) {
     case 'D': {
       Maybe<Range> parent;
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->outline2refcnt)
-        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.range.start <= pos && pos < sym.range.end &&
-            (!parent || parent->start < sym.range.start))
-          parent = sym.range;
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->outline2refcnt)
-        if (refcnt > 0 && pos < sym.range.start &&
-            (!parent || sym.range.end <= parent->end) &&
-            (!res || sym.range.start < res->start))
-          res = sym.range;
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt)
+        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.extent.Valid() && sym.extent.start <= pos &&
+            pos < sym.extent.end && (!parent || parent->start < sym.extent.start))
+          parent = sym.extent;
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt)
+        if (refcnt > 0 && pos < sym.extent.start &&
+            (!parent || sym.extent.end <= parent->end) &&
+            (!res || sym.extent.start < res->start))
+          res = sym.extent;
       break;
     }
     case 'L':
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->outline2refcnt)
-        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.range.end <= pos &&
-            (!res || (res->end == sym.range.end ? sym.range.start < res->start
-                                                : res->end < sym.range.end)))
-          res = sym.range;
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt)
+        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.extent.Valid() && sym.extent.end <= pos &&
+            (!res || (res->end == sym.extent.end ? sym.extent.start < res->start
+                                                : res->end < sym.extent.end)))
+          res = sym.extent;
       break;
     case 'R': {
       Maybe<Range> parent;
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->outline2refcnt)
-        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.range.start <= pos && pos < sym.range.end &&
-            (!parent || parent->start < sym.range.start))
-          parent = sym.range;
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt)
+        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.extent.Valid() && sym.extent.start <= pos &&
+            pos < sym.extent.end && (!parent || parent->start < sym.extent.start))
+          parent = sym.extent;
       if (parent && parent->start.line == pos.line && pos < parent->end) {
         pos = parent->end;
         if (pos.column)
           pos.column--;
       }
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->outline2refcnt)
-        if (refcnt > 0 && pos < sym.range.start &&
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt)
+        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.extent.Valid() && pos < sym.extent.start &&
             (!res ||
-             (sym.range.start == res->start ? res->end < sym.range.end
-                                            : sym.range.start < res->start)))
-          res = sym.range;
+             (sym.extent.start == res->start ? res->end < sym.extent.end
+                                            : sym.extent.start < res->start)))
+          res = sym.extent;
       break;
     }
     case 'U':
     default:
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->outline2refcnt)
-        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.range.start < pos && pos < sym.range.end &&
-            (!res || res->start < sym.range.start))
-          res = sym.range;
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt)
+        if (refcnt > 0 && sym.extent.Valid() && sym.extent.start < pos &&
+            pos < sym.extent.end && (!res || res->start < sym.extent.start))
+          res = sym.extent;
       break;
     }
     std::vector<lsLocation> result;
diff --git a/src/messages/textDocument_codeLens.cc b/src/messages/textDocument_codeLens.cc
index a0c1fc2e..23648250 100644
--- a/src/messages/textDocument_codeLens.cc
+++ b/src/messages/textDocument_codeLens.cc
@@ -74,15 +74,15 @@ struct Handler_TextDocumentCodeLens
       return;
     WorkingFile *wfile = working_files->GetFileByFilename(file->def->path);
 
-    auto Add = [&](const char *singular, Cmd_xref show, Use use, int num,
+    auto Add = [&](const char *singular, Cmd_xref show, Range range, int num,
                    bool force_display = false) {
       if (!num && !force_display)
         return;
-      std::optional<lsRange> range = GetLsRange(wfile, use.range);
-      if (!range)
+      std::optional<lsRange> ls_range = GetLsRange(wfile, range);
+      if (!ls_range)
         return;
       lsCodeLens &code_lens = result.emplace_back();
-      code_lens.range = *range;
+      code_lens.range = *ls_range;
       code_lens.command = lsCommand();
       code_lens.command->command = std::string(ccls_xref);
       bool plural = num > 1 && singular[strlen(singular) - 1] != 'd';
@@ -91,19 +91,10 @@ struct Handler_TextDocumentCodeLens
       code_lens.command->arguments.push_back(ToString(show));
     };
 
-    auto ToSpell = [&](SymbolRef sym, int file_id) -> Use {
-      Maybe<DeclRef> def = GetDefinitionSpell(db, sym);
-      if (def && def->file_id == file_id &&
-          def->range.start.line == sym.range.start.line)
-        return *def;
-      return {{sym.range, sym.role}, file_id};
-    };
-
     std::unordered_set<Range> seen;
-    for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->outline2refcnt) {
-      if (refcnt <= 0 || !seen.insert(sym.range).second)
+    for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt) {
+      if (refcnt <= 0 || !sym.extent.Valid() || !seen.insert(sym.range).second)
         continue;
-      Use use = ToSpell(sym, file->id);
       switch (sym.kind) {
       case SymbolKind::Func: {
         QueryFunc &func = db->GetFunc(sym);
@@ -112,28 +103,28 @@ struct Handler_TextDocumentCodeLens
           continue;
         std::vector<Use> base_uses = GetUsesForAllBases(db, func);
         std::vector<Use> derived_uses = GetUsesForAllDerived(db, func);
-        Add("ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "uses"}, use, func.uses.size(),
-            base_uses.empty());
+        Add("ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "uses"}, sym.range,
+            func.uses.size(), base_uses.empty());
         if (base_uses.size())
-          Add("b.ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "bases uses"}, use,
+          Add("b.ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "bases uses"}, sym.range,
               base_uses.size());
         if (derived_uses.size())
-          Add("d.ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "derived uses"}, use,
+          Add("d.ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "derived uses"}, sym.range,
               derived_uses.size());
         if (base_uses.empty())
-          Add("base", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "bases"}, use,
+          Add("base", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "bases"}, sym.range,
               def->bases.size());
-        Add("derived", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "derived"}, use,
+        Add("derived", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Func, "derived"}, sym.range,
             func.derived.size());
         break;
       }
       case SymbolKind::Type: {
         QueryType &type = db->GetType(sym);
-        Add("ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Type, "uses"}, use, type.uses.size(),
+        Add("ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Type, "uses"}, sym.range, type.uses.size(),
             true);
-        Add("derived", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Type, "derived"}, use,
+        Add("derived", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Type, "derived"}, sym.range,
             type.derived.size());
-        Add("var", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Type, "instances"}, use,
+        Add("var", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Type, "instances"}, sym.range,
             type.instances.size());
         break;
       }
@@ -142,7 +133,7 @@ struct Handler_TextDocumentCodeLens
         const QueryVar::Def *def = var.AnyDef();
         if (!def || (def->is_local() && !g_config->codeLens.localVariables))
           continue;
-        Add("ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Var, "uses"}, use, var.uses.size(),
+        Add("ref", {sym.usr, SymbolKind::Var, "uses"}, sym.range, var.uses.size(),
             def->kind != lsSymbolKind::Macro);
         break;
       }
diff --git a/src/messages/textDocument_documentSymbol.cc b/src/messages/textDocument_documentSymbol.cc
index e58aba80..6047ae0e 100644
--- a/src/messages/textDocument_documentSymbol.cc
+++ b/src/messages/textDocument_documentSymbol.cc
@@ -71,12 +71,11 @@ struct Handler_TextDocumentDocumentSymbol
     if (!wfile)
       return;
 
-    const auto &symbol2refcnt =
-        params.all ? file->symbol2refcnt : file->outline2refcnt;
     if (params.startLine >= 0) {
       std::vector<lsRange> result;
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : symbol2refcnt)
-        if (refcnt > 0 && params.startLine <= sym.range.start.line &&
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt)
+        if (refcnt > 0 && (params.all || sym.extent.Valid()) &&
+            params.startLine <= sym.range.start.line &&
             sym.range.start.line <= params.endLine)
           if (auto loc = GetLsLocation(db, working_files, sym, file_id))
             result.push_back(loc->range);
@@ -84,95 +83,75 @@ struct Handler_TextDocumentDocumentSymbol
       pipeline::Reply(request->id, result);
     } else if (g_config->client.hierarchicalDocumentSymbolSupport) {
       std::unordered_map<SymbolIdx, std::unique_ptr<lsDocumentSymbol>> sym2ds;
-      std::vector<std::pair<const QueryFunc::Def *, lsDocumentSymbol *>> funcs;
-      std::vector<std::pair<const QueryType::Def *, lsDocumentSymbol *>> types;
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : symbol2refcnt) {
-        if (refcnt <= 0)
+      std::vector<std::pair<std::vector<const void *>, lsDocumentSymbol *>>
+          funcs, types;
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt) {
+        if (refcnt <= 0 || !sym.extent.Valid())
           continue;
         auto r = sym2ds.try_emplace(SymbolIdx{sym.usr, sym.kind});
         if (!r.second)
           continue;
         auto &ds = r.first->second;
         ds = std::make_unique<lsDocumentSymbol>();
-        const void *def_ptr = nullptr;
-        WithEntity(db, sym, [&](const auto &entity) {
+        std::vector<const void *> def_ptrs;
+        WithEntity(db, sym, [&, sym = sym](const auto &entity) {
           auto *def = entity.AnyDef();
           if (!def)
             return;
           ds->name = def->Name(false);
           ds->detail = def->Name(true);
+          if (auto ls_range = GetLsRange(wfile, sym.range)) {
+            ds->selectionRange = *ls_range;
+            ds->range = ds->selectionRange;
+            if (sym.extent.Valid())
+              if (auto ls_range1 = GetLsRange(wfile, sym.extent))
+                ds->range = *ls_range1;
+          }
 
-          // Try to find a definition with spell first.
-          const void *candidate_def_ptr = nullptr;
           for (auto &def : entity.def)
             if (def.file_id == file_id && !Ignore(&def)) {
               ds->kind = def.kind;
-              if (def.kind == lsSymbolKind::Namespace)
-                candidate_def_ptr = &def;
-
-              if (!def.spell)
-                continue;
-              if (auto ls_range = GetLsRange(wfile, def.spell->extent))
-                ds->range = *ls_range;
-              else
-                continue;
-              if (auto ls_range = GetLsRange(wfile, def.spell->range))
-                ds->selectionRange = *ls_range;
-              else
-                continue;
-              def_ptr = &def;
-              break;
+              if (def.spell || def.kind == lsSymbolKind::Namespace)
+                def_ptrs.push_back(&def);
             }
-
-          // Try to find a declaration.
-          if (!def_ptr && candidate_def_ptr)
-            for (auto &decl : entity.declarations)
-              if (decl.file_id == file_id) {
-                if (auto ls_range = GetLsRange(wfile, decl.extent))
-                  ds->range = *ls_range;
-                else
-                  continue;
-                if (auto ls_range = GetLsRange(wfile, decl.range))
-                  ds->selectionRange = *ls_range;
-                else
-                  continue;
-                def_ptr = candidate_def_ptr;
-                break;
-              }
         });
-        if (!def_ptr) {
+        if (def_ptrs.empty() || !(params.all || sym.role & Role::Definition ||
+                                  ds->kind == lsSymbolKind::Namespace)) {
           ds.reset();
           continue;
         }
         if (sym.kind == SymbolKind::Func)
-          funcs.emplace_back((const QueryFunc::Def *)def_ptr, ds.get());
+          funcs.emplace_back(std::move(def_ptrs), ds.get());
         else if (sym.kind == SymbolKind::Type)
-          types.emplace_back((const QueryType::Def *)def_ptr, ds.get());
+          types.emplace_back(std::move(def_ptrs), ds.get());
       }
 
-      for (auto &[def, ds] : funcs)
-        for (Usr usr1 : def->vars) {
-          auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Var});
-          if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
-            ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
+      for (auto &[def_ptrs, ds] : funcs)
+        for (const void *def_ptr : def_ptrs)
+          for (Usr usr1 : ((const QueryFunc::Def *)def_ptr)->vars) {
+            auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Var});
+            if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
+              ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
+          }
+      for (auto &[def_ptrs, ds] : types)
+        for (const void *def_ptr : def_ptrs) {
+          auto *def = (const QueryType::Def *)def_ptr;
+          for (Usr usr1 : def->funcs) {
+            auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Func});
+            if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
+              ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
+          }
+          for (Usr usr1 : def->types) {
+            auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Type});
+            if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
+              ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
+          }
+          for (auto [usr1, _] : def->vars) {
+            auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Var});
+            if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
+              ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
+          }
         }
-      for (auto &[def, ds] : types) {
-        for (Usr usr1 : def->funcs) {
-          auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Func});
-          if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
-            ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
-        }
-        for (Usr usr1 : def->types) {
-          auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Type});
-          if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
-            ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
-        }
-        for (auto [usr1, _] : def->vars) {
-          auto it = sym2ds.find(SymbolIdx{usr1, SymbolKind::Var});
-          if (it != sym2ds.end() && it->second)
-            ds->children.push_back(std::move(it->second));
-        }
-      }
       std::vector<std::unique_ptr<lsDocumentSymbol>> result;
       for (auto &[_, ds] : sym2ds)
         if (ds)
@@ -180,8 +159,10 @@ struct Handler_TextDocumentDocumentSymbol
       pipeline::Reply(request->id, result);
     } else {
       std::vector<lsSymbolInformation> result;
-      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : symbol2refcnt) {
-        if (refcnt <= 0) continue;
+      for (auto [sym, refcnt] : file->symbol2refcnt) {
+        if (refcnt <= 0 || !sym.extent.Valid() ||
+            !(params.all || sym.role & Role::Definition))
+          continue;
         if (std::optional<lsSymbolInformation> info =
                 GetSymbolInfo(db, sym, false)) {
           if ((sym.kind == SymbolKind::Type &&
diff --git a/src/query.cc b/src/query.cc
index d916f073..6d2ab2e8 100644
--- a/src/query.cc
+++ b/src/query.cc
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void DB::ApplyIndexUpdate(IndexUpdate *u) {
                  SymbolKind kind, Use &use, int delta) {
     use.file_id =
         use.file_id == -1 ? u->file_id : lid2fid.find(use.file_id)->second;
-    SymbolRef sym{use.range, usr, kind, use.role};
+    ExtentRef sym{{use.range, usr, kind, use.role}};
     int &v = files[use.file_id].symbol2refcnt[sym];
     v += delta;
     assert(v >= 0);
@@ -233,9 +233,14 @@ void DB::ApplyIndexUpdate(IndexUpdate *u) {
   };
   auto RefDecl = [&](std::unordered_map<int, int> &lid2fid, Usr usr,
                      SymbolKind kind, DeclRef &dr, int delta) {
-    Ref(lid2fid, usr, kind, dr, delta);
-    files[dr.file_id]
-        .outline2refcnt[SymbolRef{dr.extent, usr, kind, dr.role}] += delta;
+    dr.file_id =
+        dr.file_id == -1 ? u->file_id : lid2fid.find(dr.file_id)->second;
+    ExtentRef sym{{dr.range, usr, kind, dr.role}, dr.extent};
+    int &v = files[dr.file_id].symbol2refcnt[sym];
+    v += delta;
+    assert(v >= 0);
+    if (!v)
+      files[dr.file_id].symbol2refcnt.erase(sym);
   };
 
   auto UpdateUses =
@@ -369,9 +374,8 @@ void DB::Update(const Lid2file_id &lid2file_id, int file_id,
     if (def.spell) {
       AssignFileId(lid2file_id, file_id, *def.spell);
       files[def.spell->file_id].symbol2refcnt[{
-          def.spell->range, u.first, SymbolKind::Func, def.spell->role}]++;
-      files[def.spell->file_id].outline2refcnt[{
-          def.spell->extent, u.first, SymbolKind::Func, def.spell->role}]++;
+          {def.spell->range, u.first, SymbolKind::Func, def.spell->role},
+          def.spell->extent}]++;
     }
 
     auto R = func_usr.try_emplace({u.first}, func_usr.size());
@@ -393,9 +397,8 @@ void DB::Update(const Lid2file_id &lid2file_id, int file_id,
     if (def.spell) {
       AssignFileId(lid2file_id, file_id, *def.spell);
       files[def.spell->file_id].symbol2refcnt[{
-          def.spell->range, u.first, SymbolKind::Type, def.spell->role}]++;
-      files[def.spell->file_id].outline2refcnt[{
-          def.spell->extent, u.first, SymbolKind::Type, def.spell->role}]++;
+          {def.spell->range, u.first, SymbolKind::Type, def.spell->role},
+          def.spell->extent}]++;
     }
     auto R = type_usr.try_emplace({u.first}, type_usr.size());
     if (R.second)
@@ -416,9 +419,8 @@ void DB::Update(const Lid2file_id &lid2file_id, int file_id,
     if (def.spell) {
       AssignFileId(lid2file_id, file_id, *def.spell);
       files[def.spell->file_id].symbol2refcnt[{
-          def.spell->range, u.first, SymbolKind::Var, def.spell->role}]++;
-      files[def.spell->file_id].outline2refcnt[{
-          def.spell->extent, u.first, SymbolKind::Var, def.spell->role}]++;
+          {def.spell->range, u.first, SymbolKind::Var, def.spell->role},
+          def.spell->extent}]++;
     }
     auto R = var_usr.try_emplace({u.first}, var_usr.size());
     if (R.second)
diff --git a/src/query.h b/src/query.h
index 78cf90ee..a64d2420 100644
--- a/src/query.h
+++ b/src/query.h
@@ -11,17 +11,13 @@
 #include <llvm/ADT/StringMap.h>
 
 namespace llvm {
-template <> struct DenseMapInfo<SymbolRef> {
-  static inline SymbolRef getEmptyKey() { return {}; }
-  static inline SymbolRef getTombstoneKey() {
-    SymbolRef ret{};
-    ret.usr = -1;
-    return ret;
+template <> struct DenseMapInfo<ExtentRef> {
+  static inline ExtentRef getEmptyKey() { return {}; }
+  static inline ExtentRef getTombstoneKey() { return {{Range(), Usr(-1)}}; }
+  static unsigned getHashValue(ExtentRef sym) {
+    return std::hash<ExtentRef>()(sym);
   }
-  static unsigned getHashValue(SymbolRef sym) {
-    return std::hash<SymbolRef>()(sym);
-  }
-  static bool isEqual(SymbolRef l, SymbolRef r) { return l == r; }
+  static bool isEqual(ExtentRef l, ExtentRef r) { return l == r; }
 };
 }
 
@@ -42,8 +38,8 @@ struct QueryFile {
 
   int id = -1;
   std::optional<Def> def;
-  llvm::DenseMap<SymbolRef, int> symbol2refcnt;
-  llvm::DenseMap<SymbolRef, int> outline2refcnt;
+  // `extent` is valid => declaration; invalid => regular reference
+  llvm::DenseMap<ExtentRef, int> symbol2refcnt;
 };
 
 template <typename Q, typename QDef> struct QueryEntity {