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399c2a1fad
The documentation claims that any extension loader library header
included before the GLFW one will prevent the inclusion of the
default OpenGL header. In reality this only worked if the loader
defined the canonical desktop OpenGL __gl_h_ inclusion guard and even
then relied on the OpenGL header to detect this.
This is the companion to 105cf32e0b, which
added the preprocessor logic to check for many known OpenGL and OpenGL
ES inclusion guards and not even attempt to include the default header
if any are present.
Some clarification of the language around header inclusion has also been
attempted, including making GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE more prominent.
Fixes #1695.
339 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
339 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
/*!
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@page build_guide Building applications
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@tableofcontents
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This is about compiling and linking applications that use GLFW. For information on
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how to write such applications, start with the
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[introductory tutorial](@ref quick_guide). For information on how to compile
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the GLFW library itself, see @ref compile_guide.
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This is not a tutorial on compilation or linking. It assumes basic
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understanding of how to compile and link a C program as well as how to use the
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specific compiler of your chosen development environment. The compilation
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and linking process should be explained in your C programming material and in
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the documentation for your development environment.
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@section build_include Including the GLFW header file
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You should include the GLFW header in the source files where you use OpenGL or
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GLFW.
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@code
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#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
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@endcode
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This header defines all the constants and declares all the types and function
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prototypes of the GLFW API. By default it also includes the OpenGL header from
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your development environment. See [option macros](@ref build_macros) below for
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how to select OpenGL ES headers and more.
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The GLFW header also defines any platform-specific macros needed by your OpenGL
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header, so that it can be included without needing any window system headers.
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It does this only when needed, so if window system headers are included, the
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GLFW header does not try to redefine those symbols. The reverse is not true,
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i.e. `windows.h` cannot cope if any Win32 symbols have already been defined.
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In other words:
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- Use the GLFW header to include OpenGL or OpenGL ES headers portably
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- Do not include window system headers unless you will use those APIs directly
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- If you do need such headers, include them before the GLFW header
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If you are using an OpenGL extension loading library such as
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[glad](https://github.com/Dav1dde/glad), the extension loader header should
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be included before the GLFW one. GLFW attempts to detect any OpenGL or OpenGL
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ES header or extension loader header included before it and will then disable
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the inclusion of the default OpenGL header. Most extension loaders also define
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macros that disable similar headers below it.
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@code
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#include <glad/gl.h>
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#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
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@endcode
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Both of these mechanisms depend on the extension loader header defining a known
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macro. If yours doesn't or you don't know which one your users will pick, the
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@ref GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE macro will explicitly to prevent the GLFW header from
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including the OpenGL header. This will also allow you to include the two
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headers in any order.
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@code
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#define GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE
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#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
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#include <glad/gl.h>
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@endcode
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@subsection build_macros GLFW header option macros
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These macros may be defined before the inclusion of the GLFW header and affect
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its behavior.
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@anchor GLFW_DLL
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__GLFW_DLL__ is required on Windows when using the GLFW DLL, to tell the
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compiler that the GLFW functions are defined in a DLL.
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The following macros control which OpenGL or OpenGL ES API header is included.
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Only one of these may be defined at a time.
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@note GLFW does not provide any of the API headers mentioned below. They are
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provided by your development environment or your OpenGL, OpenGL ES or Vulkan
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SDK, and most of them can be downloaded from the
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[Khronos Registry](https://www.khronos.org/registry/).
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLCOREARB
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_GLCOREARB__ makes the GLFW header include the modern
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`GL/glcorearb.h` header (`OpenGL/gl3.h` on macOS) instead of the regular OpenGL
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header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES1
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES1__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 1.x `GLES/gl.h`
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header instead of the regular OpenGL header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES2
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES2__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 2.0
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`GLES2/gl2.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES3
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES3__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.0
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`GLES3/gl3.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES31
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES31__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.1
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`GLES3/gl31.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES32
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES32__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.2
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`GLES3/gl32.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE__ makes the GLFW header not include any OpenGL or OpenGL ES
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API header. This is useful in combination with an extension loading library.
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If none of the above inclusion macros are defined, the standard OpenGL `GL/gl.h`
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header (`OpenGL/gl.h` on macOS) is included, unless GLFW detects the inclusion
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guards of any OpenGL, OpenGL ES or extension loader header it knows about.
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The following macros control the inclusion of additional API headers. Any
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number of these may be defined simultaneously, and/or together with one of the
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above macros.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN__ makes the GLFW header include the Vulkan
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`vulkan/vulkan.h` header in addition to any selected OpenGL or OpenGL ES header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLEXT
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_GLEXT__ makes the GLFW header include the appropriate extension
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header for the OpenGL or OpenGL ES header selected above after and in addition
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to that header.
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@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLU
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__GLFW_INCLUDE_GLU__ makes the header include the GLU header in addition to the
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header selected above. This should only be used with the standard OpenGL header
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and only for compatibility with legacy code. GLU has been deprecated and should
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not be used in new code.
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@note None of these macros may be defined during the compilation of GLFW itself.
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If your build includes GLFW and you define any these in your build files, make
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sure they are not applied to the GLFW sources.
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@section build_link Link with the right libraries
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GLFW is essentially a wrapper of various platform-specific APIs and therefore
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needs to link against many different system libraries. If you are using GLFW as
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a shared library / dynamic library / DLL then it takes care of these links.
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However, if you are using GLFW as a static library then your executable will
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need to link against these libraries.
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On Windows and macOS, the list of system libraries is static and can be
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hard-coded into your build environment. See the section for your development
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environment below. On Linux and other Unix-like operating systems, the list
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varies but can be retrieved in various ways as described below.
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A good general introduction to linking is
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[Beginner's Guide to Linkers](https://www.lurklurk.org/linkers/linkers.html) by
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David Drysdale.
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@subsection build_link_win32 With MinGW or Visual C++ on Windows
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The static version of the GLFW library is named `glfw3`. When using this
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version, it is also necessary to link with some libraries that GLFW uses.
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When using MinGW to link an application with the static version of GLFW, you
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must also explicitly link with `gdi32`. Other toolchains including MinGW-w64
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include it in the set of default libraries along with other dependencies like
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`user32` and `kernel32`.
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The link library for the GLFW DLL is named `glfw3dll`. When compiling an
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application that uses the DLL version of GLFW, you need to define the @ref
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GLFW_DLL macro _before_ any inclusion of the GLFW header. This can be done
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either with a compiler switch or by defining it in your source code.
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@subsection build_link_cmake_source With CMake and GLFW source
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This section is about using CMake to compile and link GLFW along with your
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application. If you want to use an installed binary instead, see @ref
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build_link_cmake_package.
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With a few changes to your `CMakeLists.txt` you can have the GLFW source tree
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built along with your application.
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Add the root directory of the GLFW source tree to your project. This will add
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the `glfw` target to your project.
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@code{.cmake}
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add_subdirectory(path/to/glfw)
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@endcode
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Once GLFW has been added, link your application against the `glfw` target.
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This adds the GLFW library and its link-time dependencies as it is currently
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configured, the include directory for the GLFW header and, when applicable, the
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@ref GLFW_DLL macro.
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@code{.cmake}
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target_link_libraries(myapp glfw)
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@endcode
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Note that the `glfw` target does not depend on OpenGL, as GLFW loads any OpenGL,
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OpenGL ES or Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime. If your application calls
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OpenGL directly, instead of using a modern
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[extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto), use the OpenGL CMake
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package.
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@code{.cmake}
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find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)
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@endcode
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If OpenGL is found, the `OpenGL::GL` target is added to your project, containing
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library and include directory paths. Link against this like any other library.
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@code{.cmake}
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target_link_libraries(myapp OpenGL::GL)
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@endcode
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For a minimal example of a program and GLFW sources built with CMake, see the
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[GLFW CMake Starter](https://github.com/juliettef/GLFW-CMake-starter) on GitHub.
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@subsection build_link_cmake_package With CMake and installed GLFW binaries
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This section is about using CMake to link GLFW after it has been built and
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installed. If you want to build it along with your application instead, see
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@ref build_link_cmake_source.
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With a few changes to your `CMakeLists.txt` you can locate the package and
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target files generated when GLFW is installed.
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@code{.cmake}
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find_package(glfw3 3.4 REQUIRED)
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@endcode
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Once GLFW has been added to the project, link against it with the `glfw` target.
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This adds the GLFW library and its link-time dependencies, the include directory
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for the GLFW header and, when applicable, the @ref GLFW_DLL macro.
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@code{.cmake}
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target_link_libraries(myapp glfw)
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@endcode
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Note that the `glfw` target does not depend on OpenGL, as GLFW loads any OpenGL,
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OpenGL ES or Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime. If your application calls
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OpenGL directly, instead of using a modern
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[extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto), use the OpenGL CMake
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package.
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@code{.cmake}
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find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)
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@endcode
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If OpenGL is found, the `OpenGL::GL` target is added to your project, containing
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library and include directory paths. Link against this like any other library.
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@code{.cmake}
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target_link_libraries(myapp OpenGL::GL)
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@endcode
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@subsection build_link_pkgconfig With makefiles and pkg-config on Unix
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GLFW supports [pkg-config](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/),
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and the `glfw3.pc` pkg-config file is generated when the GLFW library is built
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and is installed along with it. A pkg-config file describes all necessary
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compile-time and link-time flags and dependencies needed to use a library. When
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they are updated or if they differ between systems, you will get the correct
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ones automatically.
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A typical compile and link command-line when using the static version of the
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GLFW library may look like this:
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@code{.sh}
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cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --static --libs glfw3)
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@endcode
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If you are using the shared version of the GLFW library, omit the `--static`
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flag.
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@code{.sh}
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cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --libs glfw3)
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@endcode
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You can also use the `glfw3.pc` file without installing it first, by using the
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`PKG_CONFIG_PATH` environment variable.
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@code{.sh}
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env PKG_CONFIG_PATH=path/to/glfw/src cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --libs glfw3)
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@endcode
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The dependencies do not include OpenGL, as GLFW loads any OpenGL, OpenGL ES or
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Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime. If your application calls OpenGL
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directly, instead of using a modern
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[extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto), you should add the `gl`
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pkg-config package.
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@code{.sh}
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cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3 gl) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --libs glfw3 gl)
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@endcode
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@subsection build_link_xcode With Xcode on macOS
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If you are using the dynamic library version of GLFW, add it to the project
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dependencies.
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If you are using the static library version of GLFW, add it and the Cocoa,
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OpenGL and IOKit frameworks to the project as dependencies. They can all be
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found in `/System/Library/Frameworks`.
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@subsection build_link_osx With command-line on macOS
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It is recommended that you use [pkg-config](@ref build_link_pkgconfig) when
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building from the command line on macOS. That way you will get any new
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dependencies added automatically. If you still wish to build manually, you need
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to add the required frameworks and libraries to your command-line yourself using
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the `-l` and `-framework` switches.
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If you are using the dynamic GLFW library, which is named `libglfw.3.dylib`, do:
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@code{.sh}
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cc -o myprog myprog.c -lglfw -framework Cocoa -framework OpenGL -framework IOKit
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@endcode
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If you are using the static library, named `libglfw3.a`, substitute `-lglfw3`
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for `-lglfw`.
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Note that you do not add the `.framework` extension to a framework when linking
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against it from the command-line.
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@note Your machine may have `libGL.*.dylib` style OpenGL library, but that is
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for the X Window System and will not work with the macOS native version of GLFW.
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*/
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