pybind11/tests/test_methods_and_attributes.py

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import pytest
from pybind11_tests import ExampleMandA, ConstructorStats
def test_methods_and_attributes():
instance1 = ExampleMandA()
instance2 = ExampleMandA(32)
instance1.add1(instance2)
instance1.add2(instance2)
instance1.add3(instance2)
instance1.add4(instance2)
instance1.add5(instance2)
instance1.add6(32)
instance1.add7(32)
instance1.add8(32)
instance1.add9(32)
instance1.add10(32)
assert str(instance1) == "ExampleMandA[value=320]"
assert str(instance2) == "ExampleMandA[value=32]"
assert str(instance1.self1()) == "ExampleMandA[value=320]"
assert str(instance1.self2()) == "ExampleMandA[value=320]"
assert str(instance1.self3()) == "ExampleMandA[value=320]"
assert str(instance1.self4()) == "ExampleMandA[value=320]"
assert str(instance1.self5()) == "ExampleMandA[value=320]"
assert instance1.internal1() == 320
assert instance1.internal2() == 320
assert instance1.internal3() == 320
assert instance1.internal4() == 320
assert instance1.internal5() == 320
assert instance1.overloaded(1, 1.0) == "(int, float)"
assert instance1.overloaded(2.0, 2) == "(float, int)"
assert instance1.overloaded(3, 3) == "(int, int)"
assert instance1.overloaded(4., 4.) == "(float, float)"
assert instance1.overloaded_const(5, 5.0) == "(int, float) const"
assert instance1.overloaded_const(6.0, 6) == "(float, int) const"
assert instance1.overloaded_const(7, 7) == "(int, int) const"
assert instance1.overloaded_const(8., 8.) == "(float, float) const"
assert instance1.overloaded_float(1, 1) == "(float, float)"
assert instance1.overloaded_float(1, 1.) == "(float, float)"
assert instance1.overloaded_float(1., 1) == "(float, float)"
assert instance1.overloaded_float(1., 1.) == "(float, float)"
assert instance1.value == 320
instance1.value = 100
assert str(instance1) == "ExampleMandA[value=100]"
cstats = ConstructorStats.get(ExampleMandA)
assert cstats.alive() == 2
del instance1, instance2
assert cstats.alive() == 0
assert cstats.values() == ["32"]
assert cstats.default_constructions == 1
assert cstats.copy_constructions == 3
assert cstats.move_constructions >= 1
assert cstats.copy_assignments == 0
assert cstats.move_assignments == 0
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def test_properties():
from pybind11_tests import TestProperties
instance = TestProperties()
assert instance.def_readonly == 1
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
instance.def_readonly = 2
instance.def_readwrite = 2
assert instance.def_readwrite == 2
assert instance.def_property_readonly == 2
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
instance.def_property_readonly = 3
instance.def_property = 3
assert instance.def_property == 3
def test_copy_method():
"""Issue #443: calling copied methods fails in Python 3"""
from pybind11_tests import ExampleMandA
ExampleMandA.add2c = ExampleMandA.add2
ExampleMandA.add2d = ExampleMandA.add2b
a = ExampleMandA(123)
assert a.value == 123
a.add2(ExampleMandA(-100))
assert a.value == 23
a.add2b(ExampleMandA(20))
assert a.value == 43
a.add2c(ExampleMandA(6))
assert a.value == 49
a.add2d(ExampleMandA(-7))
assert a.value == 42
def test_static_properties():
from pybind11_tests import TestProperties as Type
assert Type.def_readonly_static == 1
with pytest.raises(AttributeError) as excinfo:
Type.def_readonly_static = 2
assert "can't set attribute" in str(excinfo)
Type.def_readwrite_static = 2
assert Type.def_readwrite_static == 2
assert Type.def_property_readonly_static == 2
with pytest.raises(AttributeError) as excinfo:
Type.def_property_readonly_static = 3
assert "can't set attribute" in str(excinfo)
Type.def_property_static = 3
assert Type.def_property_static == 3
# Static property read and write via instance
instance = Type()
Type.def_readwrite_static = 0
assert Type.def_readwrite_static == 0
assert instance.def_readwrite_static == 0
instance.def_readwrite_static = 2
assert Type.def_readwrite_static == 2
assert instance.def_readwrite_static == 2
# It should be possible to override properties in derived classes
from pybind11_tests import TestPropertiesOverride as TypeOverride
assert TypeOverride().def_readonly == 99
assert TypeOverride.def_readonly_static == 99
def test_static_cls():
"""Static property getter and setters expect the type object as the their only argument"""
from pybind11_tests import TestProperties as Type
instance = Type()
assert Type.static_cls is Type
assert instance.static_cls is Type
def check_self(self):
assert self is Type
Type.static_cls = check_self
instance.static_cls = check_self
def test_metaclass_override():
"""Overriding pybind11's default metaclass changes the behavior of `static_property`"""
from pybind11_tests import MetaclassOverride
assert type(ExampleMandA).__name__ == "pybind11_type"
assert type(MetaclassOverride).__name__ == "type"
assert MetaclassOverride.readonly == 1
assert type(MetaclassOverride.__dict__["readonly"]).__name__ == "pybind11_static_property"
# Regular `type` replaces the property instead of calling `__set__()`
MetaclassOverride.readonly = 2
assert MetaclassOverride.readonly == 2
assert isinstance(MetaclassOverride.__dict__["readonly"], int)
def test_no_mixed_overloads():
from pybind11_tests import debug_enabled
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:
ExampleMandA.add_mixed_overloads1()
assert (str(excinfo.value) ==
"overloading a method with both static and instance methods is not supported; " +
("compile in debug mode for more details" if not debug_enabled else
"error while attempting to bind static method ExampleMandA.overload_mixed1"
"() -> str")
)
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:
ExampleMandA.add_mixed_overloads2()
assert (str(excinfo.value) ==
"overloading a method with both static and instance methods is not supported; " +
("compile in debug mode for more details" if not debug_enabled else
"error while attempting to bind instance method ExampleMandA.overload_mixed2"
"(self: pybind11_tests.ExampleMandA, arg0: int, arg1: int) -> str")
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("access", ["ro", "rw", "static_ro", "static_rw"])
def test_property_return_value_policies(access):
from pybind11_tests import TestPropRVP
if not access.startswith("static"):
obj = TestPropRVP()
else:
obj = TestPropRVP
ref = getattr(obj, access + "_ref")
assert ref.value == 1
ref.value = 2
assert getattr(obj, access + "_ref").value == 2
ref.value = 1 # restore original value for static properties
copy = getattr(obj, access + "_copy")
assert copy.value == 1
copy.value = 2
assert getattr(obj, access + "_copy").value == 1
copy = getattr(obj, access + "_func")
assert copy.value == 1
copy.value = 2
assert getattr(obj, access + "_func").value == 1
def test_property_rvalue_policy():
"""When returning an rvalue, the return value policy is automatically changed from
`reference(_internal)` to `move`. The following would not work otherwise.
"""
from pybind11_tests import TestPropRVP
instance = TestPropRVP()
o = instance.rvalue
assert o.value == 1
def test_property_rvalue_policy_static():
"""When returning an rvalue, the return value policy is automatically changed from
`reference(_internal)` to `move`. The following would not work otherwise.
"""
from pybind11_tests import TestPropRVP
o = TestPropRVP.static_rvalue
assert o.value == 1
# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/2447
@pytest.unsupported_on_pypy
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def test_dynamic_attributes():
from pybind11_tests import DynamicClass, CppDerivedDynamicClass
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instance = DynamicClass()
assert not hasattr(instance, "foo")
assert "foo" not in dir(instance)
# Dynamically add attribute
instance.foo = 42
assert hasattr(instance, "foo")
assert instance.foo == 42
assert "foo" in dir(instance)
# __dict__ should be accessible and replaceable
assert "foo" in instance.__dict__
instance.__dict__ = {"bar": True}
assert not hasattr(instance, "foo")
assert hasattr(instance, "bar")
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
instance.__dict__ = []
assert str(excinfo.value) == "__dict__ must be set to a dictionary, not a 'list'"
cstats = ConstructorStats.get(DynamicClass)
assert cstats.alive() == 1
del instance
assert cstats.alive() == 0
# Derived classes should work as well
class PythonDerivedDynamicClass(DynamicClass):
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pass
for cls in CppDerivedDynamicClass, PythonDerivedDynamicClass:
derived = cls()
derived.foobar = 100
assert derived.foobar == 100
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assert cstats.alive() == 1
del derived
assert cstats.alive() == 0
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# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/2447
@pytest.unsupported_on_pypy
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def test_cyclic_gc():
from pybind11_tests import DynamicClass
# One object references itself
instance = DynamicClass()
instance.circular_reference = instance
cstats = ConstructorStats.get(DynamicClass)
assert cstats.alive() == 1
del instance
assert cstats.alive() == 0
# Two object reference each other
i1 = DynamicClass()
i2 = DynamicClass()
i1.cycle = i2
i2.cycle = i1
assert cstats.alive() == 2
del i1, i2
assert cstats.alive() == 0
Add support for non-converting arguments This adds support for controlling the `convert` flag of arguments through the py::arg annotation. This then allows arguments to be flagged as non-converting, which the type_caster is able to use to request different behaviour. Currently, AFAICS `convert` is only used for type converters of regular pybind11-registered types; all of the other core type_casters ignore it. We can, however, repurpose it to control internal conversion of converters like Eigen and `array`: most usefully to give callers a way to disable the conversion that would otherwise occur when a `Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix>` argument is passed a numpy array that requires conversion (either because it has an incompatible stride or the wrong dtype). Specifying a noconvert looks like one of these: m.def("f1", &f, "a"_a.noconvert() = "default"); // Named, default, noconvert m.def("f2", &f, "a"_a.noconvert()); // Named, no default, no converting m.def("f3", &f, py::arg().noconvert()); // Unnamed, no default, no converting (The last part--being able to declare a py::arg without a name--is new: previous py::arg() only accepted named keyword arguments). Such an non-convert argument is then passed `convert = false` by the type caster when loading the argument. Whether this has an effect is up to the type caster itself, but as mentioned above, this would be extremely helpful for the Eigen support to give a nicer way to specify a "no-copy" mode than the custom wrapper in the current PR, and moreover isn't an Eigen-specific hack.
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def test_noconvert_args(msg):
import pybind11_tests as m
Add support for non-converting arguments This adds support for controlling the `convert` flag of arguments through the py::arg annotation. This then allows arguments to be flagged as non-converting, which the type_caster is able to use to request different behaviour. Currently, AFAICS `convert` is only used for type converters of regular pybind11-registered types; all of the other core type_casters ignore it. We can, however, repurpose it to control internal conversion of converters like Eigen and `array`: most usefully to give callers a way to disable the conversion that would otherwise occur when a `Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix>` argument is passed a numpy array that requires conversion (either because it has an incompatible stride or the wrong dtype). Specifying a noconvert looks like one of these: m.def("f1", &f, "a"_a.noconvert() = "default"); // Named, default, noconvert m.def("f2", &f, "a"_a.noconvert()); // Named, no default, no converting m.def("f3", &f, py::arg().noconvert()); // Unnamed, no default, no converting (The last part--being able to declare a py::arg without a name--is new: previous py::arg() only accepted named keyword arguments). Such an non-convert argument is then passed `convert = false` by the type caster when loading the argument. Whether this has an effect is up to the type caster itself, but as mentioned above, this would be extremely helpful for the Eigen support to give a nicer way to specify a "no-copy" mode than the custom wrapper in the current PR, and moreover isn't an Eigen-specific hack.
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a = m.ArgInspector()
Add support for non-converting arguments This adds support for controlling the `convert` flag of arguments through the py::arg annotation. This then allows arguments to be flagged as non-converting, which the type_caster is able to use to request different behaviour. Currently, AFAICS `convert` is only used for type converters of regular pybind11-registered types; all of the other core type_casters ignore it. We can, however, repurpose it to control internal conversion of converters like Eigen and `array`: most usefully to give callers a way to disable the conversion that would otherwise occur when a `Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix>` argument is passed a numpy array that requires conversion (either because it has an incompatible stride or the wrong dtype). Specifying a noconvert looks like one of these: m.def("f1", &f, "a"_a.noconvert() = "default"); // Named, default, noconvert m.def("f2", &f, "a"_a.noconvert()); // Named, no default, no converting m.def("f3", &f, py::arg().noconvert()); // Unnamed, no default, no converting (The last part--being able to declare a py::arg without a name--is new: previous py::arg() only accepted named keyword arguments). Such an non-convert argument is then passed `convert = false` by the type caster when loading the argument. Whether this has an effect is up to the type caster itself, but as mentioned above, this would be extremely helpful for the Eigen support to give a nicer way to specify a "no-copy" mode than the custom wrapper in the current PR, and moreover isn't an Eigen-specific hack.
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assert msg(a.f("hi")) == """
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = hi
"""
assert msg(a.g("this is a", "this is b")) == """
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITHOUT conversion allowed. Argument value = this is a
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = this is b
13
loading ArgInspector2 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = (default arg inspector 2)
""" # noqa: E501 line too long
assert msg(a.g("this is a", "this is b", 42)) == """
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITHOUT conversion allowed. Argument value = this is a
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = this is b
42
loading ArgInspector2 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = (default arg inspector 2)
""" # noqa: E501 line too long
assert msg(a.g("this is a", "this is b", 42, "this is d")) == """
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITHOUT conversion allowed. Argument value = this is a
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = this is b
42
loading ArgInspector2 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = this is d
"""
assert (a.h("arg 1") ==
"loading ArgInspector2 argument WITHOUT conversion allowed. Argument value = arg 1")
assert msg(m.arg_inspect_func("A1", "A2")) == """
Add support for non-converting arguments This adds support for controlling the `convert` flag of arguments through the py::arg annotation. This then allows arguments to be flagged as non-converting, which the type_caster is able to use to request different behaviour. Currently, AFAICS `convert` is only used for type converters of regular pybind11-registered types; all of the other core type_casters ignore it. We can, however, repurpose it to control internal conversion of converters like Eigen and `array`: most usefully to give callers a way to disable the conversion that would otherwise occur when a `Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix>` argument is passed a numpy array that requires conversion (either because it has an incompatible stride or the wrong dtype). Specifying a noconvert looks like one of these: m.def("f1", &f, "a"_a.noconvert() = "default"); // Named, default, noconvert m.def("f2", &f, "a"_a.noconvert()); // Named, no default, no converting m.def("f3", &f, py::arg().noconvert()); // Unnamed, no default, no converting (The last part--being able to declare a py::arg without a name--is new: previous py::arg() only accepted named keyword arguments). Such an non-convert argument is then passed `convert = false` by the type caster when loading the argument. Whether this has an effect is up to the type caster itself, but as mentioned above, this would be extremely helpful for the Eigen support to give a nicer way to specify a "no-copy" mode than the custom wrapper in the current PR, and moreover isn't an Eigen-specific hack.
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loading ArgInspector2 argument WITH conversion allowed. Argument value = A1
loading ArgInspector1 argument WITHOUT conversion allowed. Argument value = A2
"""
assert m.floats_preferred(4) == 2.0
assert m.floats_only(4.0) == 2.0
Add support for non-converting arguments This adds support for controlling the `convert` flag of arguments through the py::arg annotation. This then allows arguments to be flagged as non-converting, which the type_caster is able to use to request different behaviour. Currently, AFAICS `convert` is only used for type converters of regular pybind11-registered types; all of the other core type_casters ignore it. We can, however, repurpose it to control internal conversion of converters like Eigen and `array`: most usefully to give callers a way to disable the conversion that would otherwise occur when a `Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix>` argument is passed a numpy array that requires conversion (either because it has an incompatible stride or the wrong dtype). Specifying a noconvert looks like one of these: m.def("f1", &f, "a"_a.noconvert() = "default"); // Named, default, noconvert m.def("f2", &f, "a"_a.noconvert()); // Named, no default, no converting m.def("f3", &f, py::arg().noconvert()); // Unnamed, no default, no converting (The last part--being able to declare a py::arg without a name--is new: previous py::arg() only accepted named keyword arguments). Such an non-convert argument is then passed `convert = false` by the type caster when loading the argument. Whether this has an effect is up to the type caster itself, but as mentioned above, this would be extremely helpful for the Eigen support to give a nicer way to specify a "no-copy" mode than the custom wrapper in the current PR, and moreover isn't an Eigen-specific hack.
2017-01-23 08:50:00 +00:00
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
m.floats_only(4)
Add support for non-converting arguments This adds support for controlling the `convert` flag of arguments through the py::arg annotation. This then allows arguments to be flagged as non-converting, which the type_caster is able to use to request different behaviour. Currently, AFAICS `convert` is only used for type converters of regular pybind11-registered types; all of the other core type_casters ignore it. We can, however, repurpose it to control internal conversion of converters like Eigen and `array`: most usefully to give callers a way to disable the conversion that would otherwise occur when a `Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix>` argument is passed a numpy array that requires conversion (either because it has an incompatible stride or the wrong dtype). Specifying a noconvert looks like one of these: m.def("f1", &f, "a"_a.noconvert() = "default"); // Named, default, noconvert m.def("f2", &f, "a"_a.noconvert()); // Named, no default, no converting m.def("f3", &f, py::arg().noconvert()); // Unnamed, no default, no converting (The last part--being able to declare a py::arg without a name--is new: previous py::arg() only accepted named keyword arguments). Such an non-convert argument is then passed `convert = false` by the type caster when loading the argument. Whether this has an effect is up to the type caster itself, but as mentioned above, this would be extremely helpful for the Eigen support to give a nicer way to specify a "no-copy" mode than the custom wrapper in the current PR, and moreover isn't an Eigen-specific hack.
2017-01-23 08:50:00 +00:00
assert msg(excinfo.value) == """
floats_only(): incompatible function arguments. The following argument types are supported:
1. (f: float) -> float
Invoked with: 4
"""
assert m.ints_preferred(4) == 2
assert m.ints_preferred(True) == 0
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
m.ints_preferred(4.0)
assert msg(excinfo.value) == """
ints_preferred(): incompatible function arguments. The following argument types are supported:
1. (i: int) -> int
Invoked with: 4.0
""" # noqa: E501 line too long
assert m.ints_only(4) == 2
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
m.ints_only(4.0)
assert msg(excinfo.value) == """
ints_only(): incompatible function arguments. The following argument types are supported:
1. (i: int) -> int
Invoked with: 4.0
"""
def test_bad_arg_default(msg):
from pybind11_tests import debug_enabled, bad_arg_def_named, bad_arg_def_unnamed
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:
bad_arg_def_named()
assert msg(excinfo.value) == (
"arg(): could not convert default argument 'a: NotRegistered' in function 'should_fail' "
"into a Python object (type not registered yet?)"
if debug_enabled else
"arg(): could not convert default argument into a Python object (type not registered "
"yet?). Compile in debug mode for more information."
)
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:
bad_arg_def_unnamed()
assert msg(excinfo.value) == (
"arg(): could not convert default argument 'NotRegistered' in function 'should_fail' "
"into a Python object (type not registered yet?)"
if debug_enabled else
"arg(): could not convert default argument into a Python object (type not registered "
"yet?). Compile in debug mode for more information."
)
def test_accepts_none(msg):
from pybind11_tests import (NoneTester,
no_none1, no_none2, no_none3, no_none4, no_none5,
ok_none1, ok_none2, ok_none3, ok_none4, ok_none5)
a = NoneTester()
assert no_none1(a) == 42
assert no_none2(a) == 42
assert no_none3(a) == 42
assert no_none4(a) == 42
assert no_none5(a) == 42
assert ok_none1(a) == 42
assert ok_none2(a) == 42
assert ok_none3(a) == 42
assert ok_none4(a) == 42
assert ok_none5(a) == 42
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
no_none1(None)
assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value)
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
no_none2(None)
assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value)
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
no_none3(None)
assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value)
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
no_none4(None)
assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value)
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
no_none5(None)
assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value)
# The first one still raises because you can't pass None as a lvalue reference arg:
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
assert ok_none1(None) == -1
assert msg(excinfo.value) == """
ok_none1(): incompatible function arguments. The following argument types are supported:
1. (arg0: m.NoneTester) -> int
Invoked with: None
"""
# The rest take the argument as pointer or holder, and accept None:
assert ok_none2(None) == -1
assert ok_none3(None) == -1
assert ok_none4(None) == -1
assert ok_none5(None) == -1
def test_str_issue(msg):
"""#283: __str__ called on uninitialized instance when constructor arguments invalid"""
from pybind11_tests import StrIssue
assert str(StrIssue(3)) == "StrIssue[3]"
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
str(StrIssue("no", "such", "constructor"))
assert msg(excinfo.value) == """
__init__(): incompatible constructor arguments. The following argument types are supported:
1. m.StrIssue(arg0: int)
2. m.StrIssue()
Invoked with: 'no', 'such', 'constructor'
"""
def test_unregistered_base_implementations():
from pybind11_tests import RegisteredDerived
a = RegisteredDerived()
a.do_nothing()
assert a.rw_value == 42
assert a.ro_value == 1.25
a.rw_value += 5
assert a.sum() == 48.25
a.increase_value()
assert a.rw_value == 48
assert a.ro_value == 1.5
assert a.sum() == 49.5
assert a.rw_value_prop == 48
a.rw_value_prop += 1
assert a.rw_value_prop == 49
a.increase_value()
assert a.ro_value_prop == 1.75
def test_custom_caster_destruction():
"""
Tests that returning a pointer to a type that gets converted with a custom type caster gets
destroyed when the function has py::return_value_policy::take_ownership policy applied.
"""
import pybind11_tests as m
cstats = m.destruction_tester_cstats()
# This one *doesn't* have take_ownership: the pointer should be used but not destroyed:
z = m.custom_caster_no_destroy()
assert cstats.alive() == 1 and cstats.default_constructions == 1
assert z
# take_ownership applied: this constructs a new object, casts it, then destroys it:
z = m.custom_caster_destroy()
assert z
assert cstats.default_constructions == 2
# Same, but with a const pointer return (which should *not* inhibit destruction):
z = m.custom_caster_destroy_const()
assert z
assert cstats.default_constructions == 3
# Make sure we still only have the original object (from ..._no_destroy()) alive:
assert cstats.alive() == 1