diff --git a/include/pybind11/pytypes.h b/include/pybind11/pytypes.h
index 2d573dfad..f1dd009c2 100644
--- a/include/pybind11/pytypes.h
+++ b/include/pybind11/pytypes.h
@@ -1224,8 +1224,9 @@ public:
     detail::dict_iterator begin() const { return {*this, 0}; }
     detail::dict_iterator end() const { return {}; }
     void clear() const { PyDict_Clear(ptr()); }
-    bool contains(handle key) const { return PyDict_Contains(ptr(), key.ptr()) == 1; }
-    bool contains(const char *key) const { return PyDict_Contains(ptr(), pybind11::str(key).ptr()) == 1; }
+    template <typename T> bool contains(T &&key) const {
+        return PyDict_Contains(m_ptr, detail::object_or_cast(std::forward<T>(key)).ptr()) == 1;
+    }
 
 private:
     /// Call the `dict` Python type -- always returns a new reference
@@ -1276,6 +1277,9 @@ public:
         return PySet_Add(m_ptr, detail::object_or_cast(std::forward<T>(val)).ptr()) == 0;
     }
     void clear() const { PySet_Clear(m_ptr); }
+    template <typename T> bool contains(T &&val) const {
+        return PySet_Contains(m_ptr, detail::object_or_cast(std::forward<T>(val)).ptr()) == 1;
+    }
 };
 
 class function : public object {
diff --git a/tests/test_pytypes.cpp b/tests/test_pytypes.cpp
index e6c955ff9..a8caca45c 100644
--- a/tests/test_pytypes.cpp
+++ b/tests/test_pytypes.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(pytypes, m) {
         for (auto item : set)
             py::print("key:", item);
     });
+    m.def("set_contains", [](py::set set, py::object key) {
+        return set.contains(key);
+    });
+    m.def("set_contains", [](py::set set, const char* key) {
+        return set.contains(key);
+    });
 
     // test_dict
     m.def("get_dict", []() { return py::dict("key"_a="value"); });
@@ -49,6 +55,12 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(pytypes, m) {
         auto d2 = py::dict("z"_a=3, **d1);
         return d2;
     });
+    m.def("dict_contains", [](py::dict dict, py::object val) {
+        return dict.contains(val);
+    });
+    m.def("dict_contains", [](py::dict dict, const char* val) {
+        return dict.contains(val);
+    });
 
     // test_str
     m.def("str_from_string", []() { return py::str(std::string("baz")); });
diff --git a/tests/test_pytypes.py b/tests/test_pytypes.py
index 0116d4ef2..a0364d6af 100644
--- a/tests/test_pytypes.py
+++ b/tests/test_pytypes.py
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ def test_set(capture, doc):
         key: key4
     """
 
+    assert not m.set_contains(set([]), 42)
+    assert m.set_contains({42}, 42)
+    assert m.set_contains({"foo"}, "foo")
+
     assert doc(m.get_list) == "get_list() -> list"
     assert doc(m.print_list) == "print_list(arg0: list) -> None"
 
@@ -53,6 +57,10 @@ def test_dict(capture, doc):
         key: key2, value=value2
     """
 
+    assert not m.dict_contains({}, 42)
+    assert m.dict_contains({42: None}, 42)
+    assert m.dict_contains({"foo": None}, "foo")
+
     assert doc(m.get_dict) == "get_dict() -> dict"
     assert doc(m.print_dict) == "print_dict(arg0: dict) -> None"