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Docs: minor clarifications (#590)
* Some clarifications to section on virtual fns Primarily, I made it clear that PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE_NAME is not "useful" but required in renaming situations. Also clarified that one should not bind to the trampoline helper class which I found tempting since it seems more explicit. * Remove :emphasize-lines: from cpp block, seems to suppress formatting * docs: emphasize default policy, clarify keep_alive Emphasize the default return value policy since this statement is hidden in a wall of text. Add a hint that call policies are probably required for container objects.
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@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ helper class that is defined as follows:
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PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE(
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PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE(
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std::string, /* Return type */
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std::string, /* Return type */
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Animal, /* Parent class */
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Animal, /* Parent class */
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go, /* Name of function */
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go, /* Name of function in C++ (must match Python name) */
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n_times /* Argument(s) */
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n_times /* Argument(s) */
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);
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);
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}
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}
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@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ functions, and :func:`PYBIND11_OVERLOAD` should be used for functions which have
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a default implementation. There are also two alternate macros
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a default implementation. There are also two alternate macros
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:func:`PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE_NAME` and :func:`PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_NAME` which
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:func:`PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE_NAME` and :func:`PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_NAME` which
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take a string-valued name argument between the *Parent class* and *Name of the
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take a string-valued name argument between the *Parent class* and *Name of the
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function* slots. This is useful when the C++ and Python versions of the
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function* slots, which defines the name of function in Python. This is required
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when the C++ and Python versions of the
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function have different names, e.g. ``operator()`` vs ``__call__``.
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function have different names, e.g. ``operator()`` vs ``__call__``.
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The binding code also needs a few minor adaptations (highlighted):
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The binding code also needs a few minor adaptations (highlighted):
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@ -115,11 +116,20 @@ The binding code also needs a few minor adaptations (highlighted):
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}
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}
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Importantly, pybind11 is made aware of the trampoline helper class by
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Importantly, pybind11 is made aware of the trampoline helper class by
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specifying it as an extra template argument to :class:`class_`. (This can also
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specifying it as an extra template argument to :class:`class_`. (This can also
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be combined with other template arguments such as a custom holder type; the
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be combined with other template arguments such as a custom holder type; the
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order of template types does not matter). Following this, we are able to
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order of template types does not matter). Following this, we are able to
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define a constructor as usual.
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define a constructor as usual.
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Bindings should be made against the actual class, not the trampoline helper class.
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.. code-block:: cpp
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py::class_<Animal, PyAnimal /* <--- trampoline*/> animal(m, "Animal");
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animal
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.def(py::init<>())
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.def("go", &PyAnimal::go); /* <--- THIS IS WRONG, use &Animal::go */
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Note, however, that the above is sufficient for allowing python classes to
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Note, however, that the above is sufficient for allowing python classes to
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extend ``Animal``, but not ``Dog``: see ref:`virtual_and_inheritance` for the
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extend ``Animal``, but not ``Dog``: see ref:`virtual_and_inheritance` for the
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necessary steps required to providing proper overload support for inherited
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necessary steps required to providing proper overload support for inherited
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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ The following table provides an overview of available policies:
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| | return value is referenced by Python. This is the default policy for |
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| | return value is referenced by Python. This is the default policy for |
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| | property getters created via ``def_property``, ``def_readwrite``, etc. |
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| | property getters created via ``def_property``, ``def_readwrite``, etc. |
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+--------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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+--------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :enum:`return_value_policy::automatic` | This is the default return value policy, which falls back to the policy |
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| :enum:`return_value_policy::automatic` | **Default policy.** This policy falls back to the policy |
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| | :enum:`return_value_policy::take_ownership` when the return value is a |
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| | :enum:`return_value_policy::take_ownership` when the return value is a |
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| | pointer. Otherwise, it uses :enum:`return_value::move` or |
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| | pointer. Otherwise, it uses :enum:`return_value::move` or |
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| | :enum:`return_value::copy` for rvalue and lvalue references, respectively. |
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| | :enum:`return_value::copy` for rvalue and lvalue references, respectively. |
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@ -159,7 +159,11 @@ Additional call policies
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========================
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========================
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In addition to the above return value policies, further `call policies` can be
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In addition to the above return value policies, further `call policies` can be
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specified to indicate dependencies between parameters. There is currently just
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specified to indicate dependencies between parameters. In general, call policies
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are required when the C++ object is any kind of container and another object is being
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added to the container.
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There is currently just
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one policy named ``keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>``, which indicates that the
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one policy named ``keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>``, which indicates that the
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argument with index ``Patient`` should be kept alive at least until the
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argument with index ``Patient`` should be kept alive at least until the
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argument with index ``Nurse`` is freed by the garbage collector. Argument
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argument with index ``Nurse`` is freed by the garbage collector. Argument
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