Merge branch 'master' into cpp_transporter

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ nox -s build
 ### Full setup
 
 To setup an ideal development environment, run the following commands on a
-system with CMake 3.14+:
+system with CMake 3.15+:
 
 ```bash
 python3 -m venv venv
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ Tips:
 * You can use `virtualenv` (faster, from PyPI) instead of `venv`.
 * You can select any name for your environment folder; if it contains "env" it
   will be ignored by git.
-* If you don't have CMake 3.14+, just add "cmake" to the pip install command.
+* If you don't have CMake 3.15+, just add "cmake" to the pip install command.
-* You can use `-DPYBIND11_FINDPYTHON=ON` to use FindPython on CMake 3.12+
+* You can use `-DPYBIND11_FINDPYTHON=ON` to use FindPython.
 * In classic mode, you may need to set `-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/path/to/python`.
   FindPython uses `-DPython_ROOT_DIR=/path/to` or
   `-DPython_EXECUTABLE=/path/to/python`.
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ To run the tests, you can "build" the check target:
 cmake --build build --target check
 ```
 
-`--target` can be spelled `-t` in CMake 3.15+. You can also run individual
+`--target` can be spelled `-t`. You can also run individual tests with these
-tests with these targets:
+targets:
 
 * `pytest`: Python tests only, using the
 [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/) framework

.github/workflows/configure.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
         include:
         - runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
           arch: x64
-          cmake: "3.5"
+          cmake: "3.15"
 
         - runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
           arch: x64
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
         - runs-on: macos-13
           arch: x64
-          cmake: "3.8"
+          cmake: "3.15"
 
         - runs-on: windows-2019
           arch: x64 # x86 compilers seem to be missing on 2019 image

.github/workflows/emscripten.yaml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     branches:
     - master
+    - stable
+    - v*
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -23,8 +25,6 @@ jobs:
     - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20
       env:
         PYODIDE_BUILD_EXPORTS: whole_archive
-        CFLAGS: -fexceptions
-        LDFLAGS: -fexceptions
       with:
         package-dir: tests
         only: cp312-pyodide_wasm32

.github/workflows/pip.yml

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
 
     - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@210c1913531870065f03ce1f9440dd87bc0938cd # v1.4.0
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@310b0a4a3b0b78ef57ecda988ee04b132db73ef8 # v1.4.1
       with:
         subject-path: "*/pybind11*"
 

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,16 +10,7 @@ if(NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.27")
   cmake_policy(GET CMP0148 _pybind11_cmp0148)
 endif()
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 if(_pybind11_cmp0148)
   cmake_policy(SET CMP0148 ${_pybind11_cmp0148})
@@ -27,9 +18,7 @@ if(_pybind11_cmp0148)
 endif()
 
 # Avoid infinite recursion if tests include this as a subdirectory
-if(DEFINED PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT)
+include_guard(GLOBAL)
-  return()
-endif()
 
 # Extract project version from source
 file(STRINGS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/pybind11/detail/common.h"
@@ -74,14 +63,6 @@ if(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR)
 
   set(PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT ON)
 
-  if(OSX AND CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.7)
-    # Bug in macOS CMake < 3.7 is unable to download catch
-    message(WARNING "CMAKE 3.7+ needed on macOS to download catch, and newer HIGHLY recommended")
-  elseif(WINDOWS AND CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.8)
-    # Only tested with 3.8+ in CI.
-    message(WARNING "CMAKE 3.8+ tested on Windows, previous versions untested")
-  endif()
-
   message(STATUS "CMake ${CMAKE_VERSION}")
 
   if(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
@@ -133,8 +114,7 @@ cmake_dependent_option(
   "Install pybind11 headers in Python include directory instead of default installation prefix"
   OFF "PYBIND11_INSTALL" OFF)
 
-cmake_dependent_option(PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON "Force new FindPython" ${_pybind11_findpython_default}
+option(PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON "Force new FindPython" ${_pybind11_findpython_default})
-                       "NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.12" OFF)
 
 # Allow PYTHON_EXECUTABLE if in FINDPYTHON mode and building pybind11's tests
 # (makes transition easier while we support both modes).
@@ -184,7 +164,7 @@ set(PYBIND11_HEADERS
     include/pybind11/typing.h)
 
 # Compare with grep and warn if mismatched
-if(PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT AND NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.12)
+if(PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT)
   file(
     GLOB_RECURSE _pybind11_header_check
     LIST_DIRECTORIES false
@@ -202,10 +182,7 @@ if(PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT AND NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.12)
   endif()
 endif()
 
-# CMake 3.12 added list(TRANSFORM <list> PREPEND
+list(TRANSFORM PYBIND11_HEADERS PREPEND "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/")
-# But we can't use it yet
-string(REPLACE "include/" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/" PYBIND11_HEADERS
-               "${PYBIND11_HEADERS}")
 
 # Cache variable so this can be used in parent projects
 set(pybind11_INCLUDE_DIR
@@ -275,25 +252,11 @@ if(PYBIND11_INSTALL)
     tools/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake.in "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake"
     INSTALL_DESTINATION ${PYBIND11_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR})
 
-  if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.14)
+  # CMake natively supports header-only libraries
-    # Remove CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P from ConfigVersion.cmake since the library does
-    # not depend on architecture specific settings or libraries.
-    set(_PYBIND11_CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P ${CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P})
-    unset(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P)
-
-    write_basic_package_version_file(
-      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake
-      VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
-      COMPATIBILITY AnyNewerVersion)
-
-    set(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P ${_PYBIND11_CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P})
-  else()
-    # CMake 3.14+ natively supports header-only libraries
   write_basic_package_version_file(
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake
     VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
     COMPATIBILITY AnyNewerVersion ARCH_INDEPENDENT)
-  endif()
 
   install(
     FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake

docs/advanced/cast/eigen.rst

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ copying to take place:
         "small"_a            // <- This one can be copied if needed
     );
 
-With the above binding code, attempting to call the the ``some_method(m)``
+With the above binding code, attempting to call the ``some_method(m)``
 method on a ``MyClass`` object, or attempting to call ``some_function(m, m2)``
 will raise a ``RuntimeError`` rather than making a temporary copy of the array.
 It will, however, allow the ``m2`` argument to be copied into a temporary if

docs/advanced/cast/stl.rst

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ the declaration
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<int>);
+    PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<int>)
 
 before any binding code (e.g. invocations to ``class_::def()``, etc.). This
 macro must be specified at the top level (and outside of any namespaces), since
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ The following example showcases usage of :file:`pybind11/stl_bind.h`:
     // Don't forget this
     #include <pybind11/stl_bind.h>
 
-    PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<int>);
+    PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<int>)
-    PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::map<std::string, double>);
+    PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::map<std::string, double>)
 
     // ...
 

docs/advanced/embedding.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ information, see :doc:`/compiling`.
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
     project(example)
 
     find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)  # or `add_subdirectory(pybind11)`

docs/advanced/smart_ptrs.rst

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ top namespace level before any binding code:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, SmartPtr<T>);
+    PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, SmartPtr<T>)
 
 The first argument of :func:`PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE` should be a
 placeholder name that is used as a template parameter of the second argument.
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ by default. Specify
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, SmartPtr<T>, true);
+    PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, SmartPtr<T>, true)
 
 if ``SmartPtr<T>`` can always be initialized from a ``T*`` pointer without the
 risk of inconsistencies (such as multiple independent ``SmartPtr`` instances
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ specialized:
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
     // Always needed for custom holder types
-    PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, SmartPtr<T>);
+    PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, SmartPtr<T>)
 
     // Only needed if the type's `.get()` goes by another name
     namespace PYBIND11_NAMESPACE { namespace detail {

docs/basics.rst

@@ -78,6 +78,13 @@ For brevity, all code examples assume that the following two lines are present:
 
     namespace py = pybind11;
 
+.. note::
+
+    ``pybind11/pybind11.h`` includes ``Python.h``, as such it must be the first file
+    included in any source file or header for `the same reasons as Python.h`_.
+
+.. _`the same reasons as Python.h`: https://docs.python.org/3/extending/extending.html#a-simple-example
+
 Some features may require additional headers, but those will be specified as needed.
 
 .. _simple_example:

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -15,6 +15,115 @@ IN DEVELOPMENT
 
 Changes will be summarized here periodically.
 
+New Features:
+
+* Support for Python 3.7 was removed. (Official end-of-life: 2023-06-27).
+  `#5191 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5191>`_
+
+* stl.h ``list|set|map_caster`` were made more user friendly: it is no longer
+  necessary to explicitly convert Python iterables to ``tuple()``, ``set()``,
+  or ``map()`` in many common situations.
+  `#4686 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4686>`_
+
+* Support for CMake older than 3.15 removed. CMake 3.15-3.30 supported.
+  `#5304 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5304>`_
+
+* The ``array_caster`` in pybind11/stl.h was enhanced to support value types that are not default-constructible.
+  `#5305 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5305>`_
+
+Version 2.13.5 (August 22, 2024)
+--------------------------------
+
+Bug fixes:
+
+* Fix includes when using Windows long paths (``\\?\`` prefix).
+  `#5321 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5321>`_
+
+* Support ``-Wpedantic`` in C++20 mode.
+  `#5322 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5322>`_
+
+* Fix and test ``<ranges>`` support for ``py::tuple`` and ``py::list``.
+  `#5314 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5314>`_
+
+Version 2.13.4 (August 14, 2024)
+--------------------------------
+
+Bug fixes:
+
+* Fix paths with spaces, including on Windows.
+  (Replaces regression from `#5302 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5302>`_)
+  `#4874 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4874>`_
+
+Documentation:
+
+* Remove repetitive words.
+  `#5308 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5308>`_
+
+
+Version 2.13.3 (August 13, 2024)
+--------------------------------
+
+Bug fixes:
+
+* Quote paths from pybind11-config
+  `#5302 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5302>`_
+
+
+* Fix typo in Emscripten support when in config mode (CMake)
+  `#5301 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5301>`_
+
+
+Version 2.13.2 (August 13, 2024)
+--------------------------------
+
+New Features:
+
+* A ``pybind11::detail::type_caster_std_function_specializations`` feature was added, to support specializations for
+  ``std::function``'s with return types that require custom to-Python conversion behavior (to primary use case is to catch and
+  convert exceptions).
+  `#4597 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4597>`_
+
+
+Changes:
+
+
+* Use ``PyMutex`` instead of ``std::mutex`` for internal locking in the free-threaded build.
+  `#5219 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5219>`_
+
+* Add a special type annotation for C++ empty tuple.
+  `#5214 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5214>`_
+
+* When compiling for WebAssembly, add the required exception flags (CMake 3.13+).
+  `#5298 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5298>`_
+
+Bug fixes:
+
+* Make ``gil_safe_call_once_and_store`` thread-safe in free-threaded CPython.
+  `#5246 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5246>`_
+
+* A missing ``#include <algorithm>`` in pybind11/typing.h was added to fix build errors (in case user code does not already depend
+  on that include).
+  `#5208 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5208>`_
+
+* Fix regression introduced in #5201 for GCC<10.3 in C++20 mode.
+  `#5205 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5205>`_
+
+
+.. fix(cmake)
+
+* Remove extra = when assigning flto value in the case for Clang in CMake.
+  `#5207 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5207>`_
+
+
+Tests:
+
+* Adding WASM testing to our CI (Pyodide / Emscripten via scikit-build-core).
+  `#4745 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4745>`_
+
+* clang-tidy (in GitHub Actions) was updated from clang 15 to clang 18.
+  `#5272 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5272>`_
+
+
 Version 2.13.1 (June 26, 2024)
 ------------------------------
 

docs/compiling.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ A Python extension module can be created with just a few lines of code:
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.29)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     set(PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON ON)
@@ -319,11 +319,11 @@ Building with CMake
 
 For C++ codebases that have an existing CMake-based build system, a Python
 extension module can be created with just a few lines of code, as seen above in
-the module section. Pybind11 currently supports a lower minimum if you don't
+the module section. Pybind11 currently defaults to the old mechanism, though be
-use the modern FindPython, though be aware that CMake 3.27 removed the old
+aware that CMake 3.27 removed the old mechanism, so pybind11 will automatically
-mechanism, so pybind11 will automatically switch if the old mechanism is not
+switch if the old mechanism is not available. Please opt into the new mechanism
-available. Please opt into the new mechanism if at all possible. Our default
+if at all possible. Our default may change in future versions. This is the
-may change in future versions. This is the minimum required:
+minimum required:
 
 
 
@@ -333,6 +333,9 @@ may change in future versions. This is the minimum required:
 .. versionchanged:: 2.11
    CMake 3.5+ is required.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 2.14
+   CMake 3.15+ is required.
+
 
 Further information can be found at :doc:`cmake/index`.
 
@@ -388,7 +391,7 @@ that will be respected instead of the built-in flag search.
 
 The ``OPT_SIZE`` flag enables size-based optimization equivalent to the
 standard ``/Os`` or ``-Os`` compiler flags and the ``MinSizeRel`` build type,
-which avoid optimizations that that can substantially increase the size of the
+which avoid optimizations that can substantially increase the size of the
 resulting binary. This flag is particularly useful in projects that are split
 into performance-critical parts and associated bindings. In this case, we can
 compile the project in release mode (and hence, optimize performance globally),
@@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ See the `Config file`_ docstring for details of relevant CMake variables.
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4...3.18)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)
@@ -483,14 +486,13 @@ can refer to the same [cmake_example]_ repository for a full sample project
 FindPython mode
 ---------------
 
-CMake 3.12+ (3.15+ recommended, 3.18.2+ ideal) added a new module called
+Modern CMake (3.18.2+ ideal) added a new module called FindPython that had a
-FindPython that had a highly improved search algorithm and modern targets
+highly improved search algorithm and modern targets and tools. If you use
-and tools. If you use FindPython, pybind11 will detect this and use the
+FindPython, pybind11 will detect this and use the existing targets instead:
-existing targets instead:
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.22)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     find_package(Python 3.8 COMPONENTS Interpreter Development REQUIRED)
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ available in all modes. The targets provided are:
      Just the "linking" part of pybind11:module
 
    ``pybind11::module``
-     Everything for extension modules - ``pybind11::pybind11`` + ``Python::Module`` (FindPython CMake 3.15+) or ``pybind11::python_link_helper``
+     Everything for extension modules - ``pybind11::pybind11`` + ``Python::Module`` (FindPython) or ``pybind11::python_link_helper``
 
    ``pybind11::embed``
      Everything for embedding the Python interpreter - ``pybind11::pybind11`` + ``Python::Python`` (FindPython) or Python libs
@@ -568,7 +570,7 @@ You can use these targets to build complex applications. For example, the
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)  # or add_subdirectory(pybind11)
@@ -626,7 +628,7 @@ information about usage in C++, see :doc:`/advanced/embedding`.
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)  # or add_subdirectory(pybind11)
@@ -719,7 +721,7 @@ customizable pybind11-based wrappers by parsing C++ header files.
 
 [litgen]_ is an automatic python bindings generator with a focus on generating
 documented and discoverable bindings: bindings will nicely reproduce the documentation
-found in headers. It is is based on srcML (srcml.org), a highly scalable, multi-language
+found in headers. It is based on srcML (srcml.org), a highly scalable, multi-language
 parsing tool with a developer centric approach. The API that you want to expose to python
 must be C++14 compatible (but your implementation can use more modern constructs).
 

docs/faq.rst

@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@ CMake configure line. (Replace ``$(which python)`` with a path to python if
 your prefer.)
 
 You can alternatively try ``-DPYBIND11_FINDPYTHON=ON``, which will activate the
-new CMake FindPython support instead of pybind11's custom search. Requires
+new CMake FindPython support instead of pybind11's custom search. Newer CMake,
-CMake 3.12+, and 3.15+ or 3.18.2+ are even better. You can set this in your
+like, 3.18.2+, is recommended. You can set this in your ``CMakeLists.txt``
-``CMakeLists.txt`` before adding or finding pybind11, as well.
+before adding or finding pybind11, as well.
 
 Inconsistent detection of Python version in CMake and pybind11
 ==============================================================
@@ -281,11 +281,11 @@ There are three possible solutions:
    from CMake and rely on pybind11 in detecting Python version. If this is not
    possible, the CMake machinery should be called *before* including pybind11.
 2. Set ``PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON`` to ``True`` or use ``find_package(Python
-   COMPONENTS Interpreter Development)`` on modern CMake (3.12+, 3.15+ better,
+   COMPONENTS Interpreter Development)`` on modern CMake ( 3.18.2+ best).
-   3.18.2+ best). Pybind11 in these cases uses the new CMake FindPython instead
+   Pybind11 in these cases uses the new CMake FindPython instead of the old,
-   of the old, deprecated search tools, and these modules are much better at
+   deprecated search tools, and these modules are much better at finding the
-   finding the correct Python. If FindPythonLibs/Interp are not available
+   correct Python. If FindPythonLibs/Interp are not available (CMake 3.27+),
-   (CMake 3.27+), then this will be ignored and FindPython will be used.
+   then this will be ignored and FindPython will be used.
 3. Set ``PYBIND11_NOPYTHON`` to ``TRUE``. Pybind11 will not search for Python.
    However, you will have to use the target-based system, and do more setup
    yourself, because it does not know about or include things that depend on

include/pybind11/detail/class.h

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "../attr.h"
+#include <pybind11/attr.h>
-#include "../options.h"
+#include <pybind11/options.h>
 
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)

include/pybind11/detail/common.h

@@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
         }
 
 \endrst */
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG("-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments")
 #define PYBIND11_MODULE(name, variable, ...)                                                      \
     static ::pybind11::module_::module_def PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_module_def_, name)            \
         PYBIND11_MAYBE_UNUSED;                                                                    \
@@ -499,6 +501,7 @@ PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
         PYBIND11_CATCH_INIT_EXCEPTIONS                                                            \
     }                                                                                             \
     void PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_init_, name)(::pybind11::module_ & (variable))
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
 
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
 
@@ -554,7 +557,7 @@ enum class return_value_policy : uint8_t {
         object without taking ownership similar to the above
         return_value_policy::reference policy. In contrast to that policy, the
         function or property's implicit this argument (called the parent) is
-        considered to be the the owner of the return value (the child).
+        considered to be the owner of the return value (the child).
         pybind11 then couples the lifetime of the parent to the child via a
         reference relationship that ensures that the parent cannot be garbage
         collected while Python is still using the child. More advanced

include/pybind11/detail/internals.h

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 #include "common.h"
 
 #if defined(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
-#    include "../gil.h"
+#    include <pybind11/gil.h>
 #endif
 
-#include "../pytypes.h"
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
 
 #include <exception>
 #include <mutex>

include/pybind11/detail/type_caster_base.h

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "../pytypes.h"
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
 #include "common.h"
 #include "cpp_transporter.h"
 #include "descr.h"

include/pybind11/eigen/matrix.h

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "../numpy.h"
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+
 #include "common.h"
 
 /* HINT: To suppress warnings originating from the Eigen headers, use -isystem.

include/pybind11/eigen/tensor.h

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "../numpy.h"
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+
 #include "common.h"
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)

include/pybind11/pytypes.h

@@ -1259,6 +1259,7 @@ protected:
     using pointer = arrow_proxy<const handle>;
 
     sequence_fast_readonly(handle obj, ssize_t n) : ptr(PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(obj.ptr()) + n) {}
+    sequence_fast_readonly() = default;
 
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-const-return-type) // PR #3263
     reference dereference() const { return *ptr; }
@@ -1281,6 +1282,7 @@ protected:
     using pointer = arrow_proxy<const sequence_accessor>;
 
     sequence_slow_readwrite(handle obj, ssize_t index) : obj(obj), index(index) {}
+    sequence_slow_readwrite() = default;
 
     reference dereference() const { return {obj, static_cast<size_t>(index)}; }
     void increment() { ++index; }

include/pybind11/stl.h

@@ -11,10 +11,14 @@
 
 #include "pybind11.h"
 #include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/descr.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
 
 #include <deque>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <set>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -35,6 +39,89 @@
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
 
+//
+// Begin: Equivalent of
+//        https://github.com/google/clif/blob/ae4eee1de07cdf115c0c9bf9fec9ff28efce6f6c/clif/python/runtime.cc#L388-L438
+/*
+The three `PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleTo*()` functions below are
+the result of converging the behaviors of pybind11 and PyCLIF
+(http://github.com/google/clif).
+
+Originally PyCLIF was extremely far on the permissive side of the spectrum,
+while pybind11 was very far on the strict side. Originally PyCLIF accepted any
+Python iterable as input for a C++ `vector`/`set`/`map` argument, as long as
+the elements were convertible. The obvious (in hindsight) problem was that
+any empty Python iterable could be passed to any of these C++ types, e.g. `{}`
+was accepted for C++ `vector`/`set` arguments, or `[]` for C++ `map` arguments.
+
+The functions below strike a practical permissive-vs-strict compromise,
+informed by tens of thousands of use cases in the wild. A main objective is
+to prevent accidents and improve readability:
+
+- Python literals must match the C++ types.
+
+- For C++ `set`: The potentially reducing conversion from a Python sequence
+  (e.g. Python `list` or `tuple`) to a C++ `set` must be explicit, by going
+  through a Python `set`.
+
+- However, a Python `set` can still be passed to a C++ `vector`. The rationale
+  is that this conversion is not reducing. Implicit conversions of this kind
+  are also fairly commonly used, therefore enforcing explicit conversions
+  would have an unfavorable cost : benefit ratio; more sloppily speaking,
+  such an enforcement would be more annoying than helpful.
+*/
+
+inline bool PyObjectIsInstanceWithOneOfTpNames(PyObject *obj,
+                                               std::initializer_list<const char *> tp_names) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const char *obj_tp_name = Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name;
+    for (const auto *tp_name : tp_names) {
+        if (std::strcmp(obj_tp_name, tp_name) == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline bool PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleToStdVector(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (PySequence_Check(obj) != 0) {
+        return !PyUnicode_Check(obj) && !PyBytes_Check(obj);
+    }
+    return (PyGen_Check(obj) != 0) || (PyAnySet_Check(obj) != 0)
+           || PyObjectIsInstanceWithOneOfTpNames(
+               obj, {"dict_keys", "dict_values", "dict_items", "map", "zip"});
+}
+
+inline bool PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleToStdSet(PyObject *obj) {
+    return (PyAnySet_Check(obj) != 0) || PyObjectIsInstanceWithOneOfTpNames(obj, {"dict_keys"});
+}
+
+inline bool PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleToStdMap(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (PyDict_Check(obj)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Implicit requirement in the conditions below:
+    // A type with `.__getitem__()` & `.items()` methods must implement these
+    // to be compatible with https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/mapping.html
+    if (PyMapping_Check(obj) == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    PyObject *items = PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, "items");
+    if (items == nullptr) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool is_convertible = (PyCallable_Check(items) != 0);
+    Py_DECREF(items);
+    return is_convertible;
+}
+
+//
+// End: Equivalent of clif/python/runtime.cc
+//
+
 /// Extracts an const lvalue reference or rvalue reference for U based on the type of T (e.g. for
 /// forwarding a container element).  Typically used indirect via forwarded_type(), below.
 template <typename T, typename U>
@@ -66,17 +153,10 @@ private:
     }
     void reserve_maybe(const anyset &, void *) {}
 
-public:
+    bool convert_iterable(const iterable &itbl, bool convert) {
-    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        for (const auto &it : itbl) {
-        if (!isinstance<anyset>(src)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        auto s = reinterpret_borrow<anyset>(src);
-        value.clear();
-        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
-        for (auto entry : s) {
             key_conv conv;
-            if (!conv.load(entry, convert)) {
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
                 return false;
             }
             value.insert(cast_op<Key &&>(std::move(conv)));
@@ -84,6 +164,29 @@ public:
         return true;
     }
 
+    bool convert_anyset(anyset s, bool convert) {
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        return convert_iterable(s, convert);
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleToStdSet(src.ptr())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<anyset>(src)) {
+            value.clear();
+            return convert_anyset(reinterpret_borrow<anyset>(src), convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        value.clear();
+        return convert_iterable(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src), convert);
+    }
+
     template <typename T>
     static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
         if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
@@ -115,15 +218,10 @@ private:
     }
     void reserve_maybe(const dict &, void *) {}
 
-public:
+    bool convert_elements(const dict &d, bool convert) {
-    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
-        if (!isinstance<dict>(src)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        auto d = reinterpret_borrow<dict>(src);
         value.clear();
         reserve_maybe(d, &value);
-        for (auto it : d) {
+        for (const auto &it : d) {
             key_conv kconv;
             value_conv vconv;
             if (!kconv.load(it.first.ptr(), convert) || !vconv.load(it.second.ptr(), convert)) {
@@ -134,6 +232,25 @@ public:
         return true;
     }
 
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleToStdMap(src.ptr())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<dict>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(reinterpret_borrow<dict>(src), convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto items = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyMapping_Items(src.ptr()));
+        if (!items) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(items));
+        return convert_elements(dict(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(items)), convert);
+    }
+
     template <typename T>
     static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
         dict d;
@@ -166,20 +283,21 @@ struct list_caster {
     using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
 
     bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
-        if (!isinstance<sequence>(src) || isinstance<bytes>(src) || isinstance<str>(src)) {
+        if (!PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleToStdVector(src.ptr())) {
             return false;
         }
-        auto s = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(src);
+        if (isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
-        value.clear();
+            return convert_elements(src, convert);
-        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        }
-        for (const auto &it : s) {
+        if (!convert) {
-            value_conv conv;
-            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
             return false;
         }
-            value.push_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        // Designed to be behavior-equivalent to passing tuple(src) from Python:
-        }
+        // The conversion to a tuple will first exhaust the generator object, to ensure that
-        return true;
+        // the generator is not left in an unpredictable (to the caller) partially-consumed
+        // state.
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        return convert_elements(tuple(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src)), convert);
     }
 
 private:
@@ -189,6 +307,20 @@ private:
     }
     void reserve_maybe(const sequence &, void *) {}
 
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto s = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        for (const auto &it : seq) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value.push_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
 public:
     template <typename T>
     static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
@@ -220,43 +352,87 @@ struct type_caster<std::deque<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::deque<Type, Alloc
 template <typename Type, typename Alloc>
 struct type_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>, Type> {};
 
+template <typename ArrayType, typename V, size_t... I>
+ArrayType vector_to_array_impl(V &&v, index_sequence<I...>) {
+    return {{std::move(v[I])...}};
+}
+
+// Based on https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/array/to_array
+template <typename ArrayType, size_t N, typename V>
+ArrayType vector_to_array(V &&v) {
+    return vector_to_array_impl<ArrayType, V>(std::forward<V>(v), make_index_sequence<N>{});
+}
+
 template <typename ArrayType, typename Value, bool Resizable, size_t Size = 0>
 struct array_caster {
     using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
 
 private:
-    template <bool R = Resizable>
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrayType> value;
-    bool require_size(enable_if_t<R, size_t> size) {
-        if (value.size() != size) {
-            value.resize(size);
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-    template <bool R = Resizable>
-    bool require_size(enable_if_t<!R, size_t> size) {
-        return size == Size;
-    }
 
-public:
+    template <bool R = Resizable, enable_if_t<R, int> = 0>
-    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
-        if (!isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
+        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
-            return false;
+        value.reset(new ArrayType{});
-        }
+        // Using `resize` to preserve the behavior exactly as it was before PR #5305
-        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(src);
+        // For the `resize` to work, `Value` must be default constructible.
-        if (!require_size(l.size())) {
+        // For `std::valarray`, this is a requirement:
-            return false;
+        // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/NumericType
-        }
+        value->resize(l.size());
         size_t ctr = 0;
         for (const auto &it : l) {
             value_conv conv;
             if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
                 return false;
             }
-            value[ctr++] = cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv));
+            (*value)[ctr++] = cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv));
         }
         return true;
     }
 
+    template <bool R = Resizable, enable_if_t<!R, int> = 0>
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        if (l.size() != Size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // The `temp` storage is needed to support `Value` types that are not
+        // default-constructible.
+        // Deliberate choice: no template specializations, for simplicity, and
+        // because the compile time overhead for the specializations is deemed
+        // more significant than the runtime overhead for the `temp` storage.
+        std::vector<Value> temp;
+        temp.reserve(l.size());
+        for (auto it : l) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            temp.emplace_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        value.reset(new ArrayType(vector_to_array<ArrayType, Size>(std::move(temp))));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!PyObjectTypeIsConvertibleToStdVector(src.ptr())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(src, convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Designed to be behavior-equivalent to passing tuple(src) from Python:
+        // The conversion to a tuple will first exhaust the generator object, to ensure that
+        // the generator is not left in an unpredictable (to the caller) partially-consumed
+        // state.
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        return convert_elements(tuple(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src)), convert);
+    }
+
     template <typename T>
     static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
         list l(src.size());
@@ -272,12 +448,36 @@ public:
         return l.release();
     }
 
-    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArrayType,
+    // Code copied from PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER macro.
-                         const_name<Resizable>(const_name(""), const_name("Annotated["))
+    // Intentionally preserving the behavior exactly as it was before PR #5305
-                             + const_name("list[") + value_conv::name + const_name("]")
+    template <typename T_, enable_if_t<std::is_same<ArrayType, remove_cv_t<T_>>::value, int> = 0>
-                             + const_name<Resizable>(const_name(""),
+    static handle cast(T_ *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
-                                                     const_name(", FixedSize(")
+        if (!src) {
-                                                         + const_name<Size>() + const_name(")]")));
+            return none().release();
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::take_ownership) {
+            auto h = cast(std::move(*src), policy, parent);
+            delete src; // WARNING: Assumes `src` was allocated with `new`.
+            return h;
+        }
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType *() { return &(*value); }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType &() { return *value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType &&() && { return std::move(*value); }
+
+    template <typename T_>
+    using cast_op_type = movable_cast_op_type<T_>;
+
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name<Resizable>(const_name(""), const_name("Annotated[")) + const_name("list[")
+          + value_conv::name + const_name("]")
+          + const_name<Resizable>(
+              const_name(""), const_name(", FixedSize(") + const_name<Size>() + const_name(")]"));
 };
 
 template <typename Type, size_t Size>

include/pybind11/stl/filesystem.h

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "../pybind11.h"
+#include <pybind11/cast.h>
-#include "../detail/common.h"
+#include <pybind11/detail/common.h>
-#include "../detail/descr.h"
+#include <pybind11/detail/descr.h>
-#include "../cast.h"
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
-#include "../pytypes.h"
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
 
 #include <string>
 

pybind11/__main__.py

@@ -2,12 +2,35 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
+import re
 import sys
 import sysconfig
 
 from ._version import __version__
 from .commands import get_cmake_dir, get_include, get_pkgconfig_dir
 
+# This is the conditional used for os.path being posixpath
+if "posix" in sys.builtin_module_names:
+    from shlex import quote
+elif "nt" in sys.builtin_module_names:
+    # See https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson/blob/db22551ed9d2dd7889abea01cc1c7bba02bf1c75/mesonbuild/utils/universal.py#L1092-L1121
+    # and the original documents:
+    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-language/parsing-c-command-line-arguments and
+    # https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/twistylittlepassagesallalike/2011/04/23/everyone-quotes-command-line-arguments-the-wrong-way/
+    UNSAFE = re.compile("[ \t\n\r]")
+
+    def quote(s: str) -> str:
+        if s and not UNSAFE.search(s):
+            return s
+
+        # Paths cannot contain a '"' on Windows, so we don't need to worry
+        # about nuanced counting here.
+        return f'"{s}\\"' if s.endswith("\\") else f'"{s}"'
+else:
+
+    def quote(s: str) -> str:
+        return s
+
 
 def print_includes() -> None:
     dirs = [
@@ -22,7 +45,7 @@ def print_includes() -> None:
         if d and d not in unique_dirs:
             unique_dirs.append(d)
 
-    print(" ".join("-I" + d for d in unique_dirs))
+    print(" ".join(quote(f"-I{d}") for d in unique_dirs))
 
 
 def main() -> None:
@@ -54,9 +77,9 @@ def main() -> None:
     if args.includes:
         print_includes()
     if args.cmakedir:
-        print(get_cmake_dir())
+        print(quote(get_cmake_dir()))
     if args.pkgconfigdir:
-        print(get_pkgconfig_dir())
+        print(quote(get_pkgconfig_dir()))
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,16 +5,7 @@
 # All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
 # BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 # Filter out items; print an optional message if any items filtered. This ignores extensions.
 #
@@ -76,8 +67,8 @@ project(pybind11_tests CXX)
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../tools")
 
 option(PYBIND11_WERROR "Report all warnings as errors" OFF)
-option(DOWNLOAD_EIGEN "Download EIGEN (requires CMake 3.11+)" OFF)
+option(DOWNLOAD_EIGEN "Download EIGEN" OFF)
-option(PYBIND11_CUDA_TESTS "Enable building CUDA tests (requires CMake 3.12+)" OFF)
+option(PYBIND11_CUDA_TESTS "Enable building CUDA tests" OFF)
 set(PYBIND11_TEST_OVERRIDE
     ""
     CACHE STRING "Tests from ;-separated list of *.cpp files will be built instead of all tests")
@@ -251,25 +242,21 @@ endif()
 if(PYBIND11_TEST_FILES_EIGEN_I GREATER -1)
   # Try loading via newer Eigen's Eigen3Config first (bypassing tools/FindEigen3.cmake).
   # Eigen 3.3.1+ exports a cmake 3.0+ target for handling dependency requirements, but also
-  # produces a fatal error if loaded from a pre-3.0 cmake.
   if(DOWNLOAD_EIGEN)
-    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.11)
+    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.18)
-      message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake 3.11+ required when using DOWNLOAD_EIGEN")
+      set(_opts)
+    else()
+      set(_opts SOURCE_SUBDIR no-cmake-build)
     endif()
-
     include(FetchContent)
     FetchContent_Declare(
       eigen
       GIT_REPOSITORY "${PYBIND11_EIGEN_REPO}"
-      GIT_TAG "${PYBIND11_EIGEN_VERSION_HASH}")
+      GIT_TAG "${PYBIND11_EIGEN_VERSION_HASH}"
-
+      ${_opts})
-    FetchContent_GetProperties(eigen)
+    FetchContent_MakeAvailable(eigen)
-    if(NOT eigen_POPULATED)
+    if(NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.18)
-      message(
+      set(EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR "${eigen_SOURCE_DIR}")
-        STATUS
-          "Downloading Eigen ${PYBIND11_EIGEN_VERSION_STRING} (${PYBIND11_EIGEN_VERSION_HASH}) from ${PYBIND11_EIGEN_REPO}"
-      )
-      FetchContent_Populate(eigen)
     endif()
 
     set(EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR ${eigen_SOURCE_DIR})
@@ -317,8 +304,7 @@ if(PYBIND11_TEST_FILES_EIGEN_I GREATER -1)
     if(PYBIND11_TEST_FILES_EIGEN_I GREATER -1)
       list(REMOVE_AT PYBIND11_TEST_FILES ${PYBIND11_TEST_FILES_EIGEN_I})
     endif()
-    message(
+    message(STATUS "Building tests WITHOUT Eigen, use -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON to download")
-      STATUS "Building tests WITHOUT Eigen, use -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON on CMake 3.11+ to download")
   endif()
 endif()
 
@@ -398,6 +384,9 @@ function(pybind11_enable_warnings target_name)
               -Wdeprecated
               -Wundef
               -Wnon-virtual-dtor)
+    if(DEFINED CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD VERSION_LESS 20)
+      target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE -Wpedantic)
+    endif()
   endif()
 
   if(PYBIND11_WERROR)
@@ -503,12 +492,10 @@ foreach(target ${test_targets})
 endforeach()
 
 # Provide nice organisation in IDEs
-if(NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.8)
 source_group(
   TREE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include"
   PREFIX "Header Files"
   FILES ${PYBIND11_HEADERS})
-endif()
 
 # Make sure pytest is found or produce a warning
 pybind11_find_import(pytest VERSION 3.1)

tests/extra_python_package/test_files.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import tarfile
 import zipfile
 
 # These tests must be run explicitly
-# They require CMake 3.15+ (--install)
 
 DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 MAIN_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(DIR))

tests/local_bindings.h

@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ private:
     std::string message = "";
 };
 
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(LocalVec);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(LocalVec)
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(LocalVec2);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(LocalVec2)
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(LocalMap);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(LocalMap)
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalVec);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalVec)
-// PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalVec2); // same type as LocalVec2
+// PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalVec2) // same type as LocalVec2
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalMap);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalMap)
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalMap2);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(NonLocalMap2)
 
 // Simple bindings (used with the above):
 template <typename T, int Adjust = 0, typename... Args>
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ py::class_<T> bind_local(Args &&...args) {
     return py::class_<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...).def(py::init<int>()).def("get", [](T &i) {
         return i.i + Adjust;
     });
-};
+}
 
 // Simulate a foreign library base class (to match the example in the docs):
 namespace pets {

tests/test_callbacks.cpp

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(callbacks, m) {
     m.def("dummy_function2", [](int i, int j) { return i + j; });
     m.def(
         "roundtrip",
-        [](std::function<int(int)> f, bool expect_none = false) {
+        [](std::function<int(int)> f, bool expect_none) {
             if (expect_none && f) {
                 throw std::runtime_error("Expected None to be converted to empty std::function");
             }

tests/test_cmake_build/installed_embed/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 project(test_installed_embed CXX)
 

tests/test_cmake_build/installed_function/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,14 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-project(test_installed_module CXX)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 project(test_installed_function CXX)
 

tests/test_cmake_build/installed_target/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 project(test_installed_target CXX)
 

tests/test_cmake_build/subdirectory_embed/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 project(test_subdirectory_embed CXX)
 

tests/test_cmake_build/subdirectory_function/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 project(test_subdirectory_function CXX)
 

tests/test_cmake_build/subdirectory_target/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
-
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
-# some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
-# the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
-  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
-endif()
 
 project(test_subdirectory_target CXX)
 

tests/test_eigen_matrix.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void reset_refs() {
 }
 
 // Returns element 2,1 from a matrix (used to test copy/nocopy)
-double get_elem(const Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::MatrixXd> &m) { return m(2, 1); };
+double get_elem(const Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::MatrixXd> &m) { return m(2, 1); }
 
 // Returns a matrix with 10*r + 100*c added to each matrix element (to help test that the matrix
 // reference is referencing rows/columns correctly).
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ struct CustomOperatorNew {
     Eigen::Matrix4d a = Eigen::Matrix4d::Zero();
     Eigen::Matrix4d b = Eigen::Matrix4d::Identity();
 
-    EIGEN_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW;
+    EIGEN_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW
 };
 
 TEST_SUBMODULE(eigen_matrix, m) {

tests/test_opaque_types.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 // This also deliberately doesn't use the below StringList type alias to test
 // that MAKE_OPAQUE can handle a type containing a `,`.  (The `std::allocator`
 // bit is just the default `std::vector` allocator).
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string>>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string>>)
 
 using StringList = std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string>>;
 

tests/test_pytypes.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,14 @@
 
 #include <utility>
 
+//__has_include has been part of C++17, no need to check it
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP20) && __has_include(<ranges>)
+#    if !defined(PYBIND11_COMPILER_CLANG) || __clang_major__ >= 16 // llvm/llvm-project#52696
+#        define PYBIND11_TEST_PYTYPES_HAS_RANGES
+#        include <ranges>
+#    endif
+#endif
+
 namespace external {
 namespace detail {
 bool check(PyObject *o) { return PyFloat_Check(o) != 0; }
@@ -923,4 +931,59 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(pytypes, m) {
 #else
     m.attr("defined_PYBIND11_TYPING_H_HAS_STRING_LITERAL") = false;
 #endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_TEST_PYTYPES_HAS_RANGES)
+
+    // test_tuple_ranges
+    m.def("tuple_iterator_default_initialization", []() {
+        using TupleIterator = decltype(std::declval<py::tuple>().begin());
+        static_assert(std::random_access_iterator<TupleIterator>);
+        return TupleIterator{} == TupleIterator{};
+    });
+
+    m.def("transform_tuple_plus_one", [](py::tuple &tpl) {
+        py::list ret{};
+        for (auto it : tpl | std::views::transform([](auto &o) { return py::cast<int>(o) + 1; })) {
+            ret.append(py::int_(it));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    });
+
+    // test_list_ranges
+    m.def("list_iterator_default_initialization", []() {
+        using ListIterator = decltype(std::declval<py::list>().begin());
+        static_assert(std::random_access_iterator<ListIterator>);
+        return ListIterator{} == ListIterator{};
+    });
+
+    m.def("transform_list_plus_one", [](py::list &lst) {
+        py::list ret{};
+        for (auto it : lst | std::views::transform([](auto &o) { return py::cast<int>(o) + 1; })) {
+            ret.append(py::int_(it));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    });
+
+    // test_dict_ranges
+    m.def("dict_iterator_default_initialization", []() {
+        using DictIterator = decltype(std::declval<py::dict>().begin());
+        static_assert(std::forward_iterator<DictIterator>);
+        return DictIterator{} == DictIterator{};
+    });
+
+    m.def("transform_dict_plus_one", [](py::dict &dct) {
+        py::list ret{};
+        for (auto it : dct | std::views::transform([](auto &o) {
+                           return std::pair{py::cast<int>(o.first) + 1,
+                                            py::cast<int>(o.second) + 1};
+                       })) {
+            ret.append(py::make_tuple(py::int_(it.first), py::int_(it.second)));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    });
+
+    m.attr("defined_PYBIND11_TEST_PYTYPES_HAS_RANGES") = true;
+#else
+    m.attr("defined_PYBIND11_TEST_PYTYPES_HAS_RANGES") = false;
+#endif
 }

tests/test_pytypes.py

@@ -1048,3 +1048,45 @@ def test_typevar(doc):
     assert doc(m.annotate_listT_to_T) == "annotate_listT_to_T(arg0: list[T]) -> T"
 
     assert doc(m.annotate_object_to_T) == "annotate_object_to_T(arg0: object) -> T"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not m.defined_PYBIND11_TEST_PYTYPES_HAS_RANGES,
+    reason="<ranges> not available.",
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tested_tuple", "expected"),
+    [((1,), [2]), ((3, 4), [4, 5]), ((7, 8, 9), [8, 9, 10])],
+)
+def test_tuple_ranges(tested_tuple, expected):
+    assert m.tuple_iterator_default_initialization()
+    assert m.transform_tuple_plus_one(tested_tuple) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not m.defined_PYBIND11_TEST_PYTYPES_HAS_RANGES,
+    reason="<ranges> not available.",
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tested_list", "expected"), [([1], [2]), ([3, 4], [4, 5]), ([7, 8, 9], [8, 9, 10])]
+)
+def test_list_ranges(tested_list, expected):
+    assert m.list_iterator_default_initialization()
+    assert m.transform_list_plus_one(tested_list) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not m.defined_PYBIND11_TEST_PYTYPES_HAS_RANGES,
+    reason="<ranges> not available.",
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tested_dict", "expected"),
+    [
+        ({1: 2}, [(2, 3)]),
+        ({3: 4, 5: 6}, [(4, 5), (6, 7)]),
+        ({7: 8, 9: 10, 11: 12}, [(8, 9), (10, 11), (12, 13)]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_dict_ranges(tested_dict, expected):
+    assert m.dict_iterator_default_initialization()
+    assert m.transform_dict_plus_one(tested_dict) == expected

tests/test_sequences_and_iterators.cpp

@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ private:
 };
 using NonCopyableIntPair = std::pair<NonCopyableInt, NonCopyableInt>;
 
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<NonCopyableInt>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<NonCopyableInt>)
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<NonCopyableIntPair>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<NonCopyableIntPair>)
 
 template <typename PythonType>
 py::list test_random_access_iterator(PythonType x) {

tests/test_smart_ptr.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 #include "object.h"
 #include "pybind11_tests.h"
 
+// This breaks on PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wpedantic")
+
 namespace {
 
 // This is just a wrapper around unique_ptr, but with extra fields to deliberately bloat up the
@@ -279,13 +282,13 @@ struct holder_helper<ref<T>> {
 } // namespace PYBIND11_NAMESPACE
 
 // Make pybind aware of the ref-counted wrapper type (s):
-PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, ref<T>, true);
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, ref<T>, true)
 // The following is not required anymore for std::shared_ptr, but it should compile without error:
-PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, std::shared_ptr<T>);
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, std::shared_ptr<T>)
-PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, huge_unique_ptr<T>);
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, huge_unique_ptr<T>)
-PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, custom_unique_ptr<T>);
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, custom_unique_ptr<T>)
-PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, shared_ptr_with_addressof_operator<T>);
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, shared_ptr_with_addressof_operator<T>)
-PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, unique_ptr_with_addressof_operator<T>);
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, unique_ptr_with_addressof_operator<T>)
 
 TEST_SUBMODULE(smart_ptr, m) {
     // Please do not interleave `struct` and `class` definitions with bindings code,

tests/test_stl.cpp

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ struct visit_helper<boost::variant> {
 } // namespace PYBIND11_NAMESPACE
 #endif
 
-PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string>>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string>>)
 
 /// Issue #528: templated constructor
 struct TplCtorClass {
@@ -167,6 +167,14 @@ struct type_caster<ReferenceSensitiveOptional<T>>
 } // namespace detail
 } // namespace PYBIND11_NAMESPACE
 
+int pass_std_vector_int(const std::vector<int> &v) {
+    int zum = 100;
+    for (const int i : v) {
+        zum += 2 * i;
+    }
+    return zum;
+}
+
 TEST_SUBMODULE(stl, m) {
     // test_vector
     m.def("cast_vector", []() { return std::vector<int>{1}; });
@@ -193,6 +201,23 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(stl, m) {
     m.def("cast_array", []() { return std::array<int, 2>{{1, 2}}; });
     m.def("load_array", [](const std::array<int, 2> &a) { return a[0] == 1 && a[1] == 2; });
 
+    struct NoDefaultCtor {
+        explicit constexpr NoDefaultCtor(int val) : val{val} {}
+        int val;
+    };
+
+    struct NoDefaultCtorArray {
+        explicit constexpr NoDefaultCtorArray(int i)
+            : arr{{NoDefaultCtor(10 + i), NoDefaultCtor(20 + i)}} {}
+        std::array<NoDefaultCtor, 2> arr;
+    };
+
+    // test_array_no_default_ctor
+    py::class_<NoDefaultCtor>(m, "NoDefaultCtor").def_readonly("val", &NoDefaultCtor::val);
+    py::class_<NoDefaultCtorArray>(m, "NoDefaultCtorArray")
+        .def(py::init<int>())
+        .def_readwrite("arr", &NoDefaultCtorArray::arr);
+
     // test_valarray
     m.def("cast_valarray", []() { return std::valarray<int>{1, 4, 9}; });
     m.def("load_valarray", [](const std::valarray<int> &v) {
@@ -546,4 +571,30 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(stl, m) {
         []() { return new std::vector<bool>(4513); },
         // Without explicitly specifying `take_ownership`, this function leaks.
         py::return_value_policy::take_ownership);
+
+    m.def("pass_std_vector_int", pass_std_vector_int);
+    m.def("pass_std_vector_pair_int", [](const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> &v) {
+        int zum = 0;
+        for (const auto &ij : v) {
+            zum += ij.first * 100 + ij.second;
+        }
+        return zum;
+    });
+    m.def("pass_std_array_int_2", [](const std::array<int, 2> &a) {
+        return pass_std_vector_int(std::vector<int>(a.begin(), a.end())) + 1;
+    });
+    m.def("pass_std_set_int", [](const std::set<int> &s) {
+        int zum = 200;
+        for (const int i : s) {
+            zum += 3 * i;
+        }
+        return zum;
+    });
+    m.def("pass_std_map_int", [](const std::map<int, int> &m) {
+        int zum = 500;
+        for (const auto &p : m) {
+            zum += p.first * 1000 + p.second;
+        }
+        return zum;
+    });
 }

tests/test_stl.py

@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@ def test_array(doc):
     )
 
 
+def test_array_no_default_ctor():
+    lst = m.NoDefaultCtorArray(3)
+    assert [e.val for e in lst.arr] == [13, 23]
+    lst.arr = m.NoDefaultCtorArray(4).arr
+    assert [e.val for e in lst.arr] == [14, 24]
+
+
 def test_valarray(doc):
     """std::valarray <-> list"""
     lst = m.cast_valarray()
@@ -381,3 +388,129 @@ def test_return_vector_bool_raw_ptr():
     v = m.return_vector_bool_raw_ptr()
     assert isinstance(v, list)
     assert len(v) == 4513
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fn", "offset"), [(m.pass_std_vector_int, 0), (m.pass_std_array_int_2, 1)]
+)
+def test_pass_std_vector_int(fn, offset):
+    assert fn([7, 13]) == 140 + offset
+    assert fn({6, 2}) == 116 + offset
+    assert fn({"x": 8, "y": 11}.values()) == 138 + offset
+    assert fn({3: None, 9: None}.keys()) == 124 + offset
+    assert fn(i for i in [4, 17]) == 142 + offset
+    assert fn(map(lambda i: i * 3, [8, 7])) == 190 + offset  # noqa: C417
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn({"x": 0, "y": 1})
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn({})
+
+
+def test_pass_std_vector_pair_int():
+    fn = m.pass_std_vector_pair_int
+    assert fn({1: 2, 3: 4}.items()) == 406
+    assert fn(zip([5, 17], [13, 9])) == 2222
+
+
+def test_list_caster_fully_consumes_generator_object():
+    def gen_invalid():
+        yield from [1, 2.0, 3]
+
+    gen_obj = gen_invalid()
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        m.pass_std_vector_int(gen_obj)
+    assert not tuple(gen_obj)
+
+
+def test_pass_std_set_int():
+    fn = m.pass_std_set_int
+    assert fn({3, 15}) == 254
+    assert fn({5: None, 12: None}.keys()) == 251
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn([])
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn({})
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn({}.values())
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn(i for i in [])
+
+
+def test_set_caster_dict_keys_failure():
+    dict_keys = {1: None, 2.0: None, 3: None}.keys()
+    # The asserts does not really exercise anything in pybind11, but if one of
+    # them fails in some future version of Python, the set_caster load
+    # implementation may need to be revisited.
+    assert tuple(dict_keys) == (1, 2.0, 3)
+    assert tuple(dict_keys) == (1, 2.0, 3)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        m.pass_std_set_int(dict_keys)
+    assert tuple(dict_keys) == (1, 2.0, 3)
+
+
+class FakePyMappingMissingItems:
+    def __getitem__(self, _):
+        raise RuntimeError("Not expected to be called.")
+
+
+class FakePyMappingWithItems(FakePyMappingMissingItems):
+    def items(self):
+        return ((1, 3), (2, 4))
+
+
+class FakePyMappingBadItems(FakePyMappingMissingItems):
+    def items(self):
+        return ((1, 2), (3, "x"))
+
+
+class FakePyMappingItemsNotCallable(FakePyMappingMissingItems):
+    @property
+    def items(self):
+        return ((1, 2), (3, 4))
+
+
+class FakePyMappingItemsWithArg(FakePyMappingMissingItems):
+    def items(self, _):
+        return ((1, 2), (3, 4))
+
+
+class FakePyMappingGenObj(FakePyMappingMissingItems):
+    def __init__(self, gen_obj):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.gen_obj = gen_obj
+
+    def items(self):
+        yield from self.gen_obj
+
+
+def test_pass_std_map_int():
+    fn = m.pass_std_map_int
+    assert fn({1: 2, 3: 4}) == 4506
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn([])
+    assert fn(FakePyMappingWithItems()) == 3507
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn(FakePyMappingMissingItems())
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn(FakePyMappingBadItems())
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn(FakePyMappingItemsNotCallable())
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        fn(FakePyMappingItemsWithArg())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("items", "expected_exception"),
+    [
+        (((1, 2), (3, "x"), (4, 5)), TypeError),
+        (((1, 2), (3, 4, 5), (6, 7)), ValueError),
+    ],
+)
+def test_map_caster_fully_consumes_generator_object(items, expected_exception):
+    def gen_invalid():
+        yield from items
+
+    gen_obj = gen_invalid()
+    with pytest.raises(expected_exception):
+        m.pass_std_map_int(FakePyMappingGenObj(gen_obj))
+    assert not tuple(gen_obj)

tests/test_tagbased_polymorphic.cpp

@@ -145,4 +145,4 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(tagbased_polymorphic, m) {
         .def(py::init<std::string>())
         .def("purr", &Panther::purr);
     m.def("create_zoo", &create_zoo);
-};
+}

tests/test_virtual_functions.cpp

@@ -589,4 +589,4 @@ void initialize_inherited_virtuals(py::module_ &m) {
     // Fix issue #1454 (crash when acquiring/releasing GIL on another thread in Python 2.7)
     m.def("test_gil", &test_gil);
     m.def("test_gil_from_thread", &test_gil_from_thread);
-};
+}

tools/pybind11Common.cmake

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Adds the following targets::
 
-    pybind11::pybind11 - link to headers and pybind11
+    pybind11::pybind11 - link to Python headers and pybind11::headers
     pybind11::module - Adds module links
     pybind11::embed - Adds embed links
     pybind11::lto - Link time optimizations (only if CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION is not set)
@@ -18,11 +18,7 @@ Adds the following functions::
 
 #]======================================================]
 
-# CMake 3.10 has an include_guard command, but we can't use that yet
+include_guard(GLOBAL)
-# include_guard(global) (pre-CMake 3.10)
-if(TARGET pybind11::pybind11)
-  return()
-endif()
 
 # If we are in subdirectory mode, all IMPORTED targets must be GLOBAL. If we
 # are in CONFIG mode, they should be "normal" targets instead.
@@ -75,26 +71,36 @@ set_property(
   APPEND
   PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES pybind11::pybind11)
 
+# -------------- emscripten requires exceptions enabled -------------
+# _pybind11_no_exceptions is a private mechanism to disable this addition.
+# Please open an issue if you need to use it; it will be removed if no one
+# needs it.
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES Emscripten AND NOT _pybind11_no_exceptions)
+  if(is_config)
+    set(_tmp_config_target pybind11::pybind11_headers)
+  else()
+    set(_tmp_config_target pybind11_headers)
+  endif()
+
+  set_property(
+    TARGET ${_tmp_config_target}
+    APPEND
+    PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS -fexceptions)
+  set_property(
+    TARGET ${_tmp_config_target}
+    APPEND
+    PROPERTY INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS -fexceptions)
+  unset(_tmp_config_target)
+endif()
+
 # --------------------------- link helper ---------------------------
 
 add_library(pybind11::python_link_helper IMPORTED INTERFACE ${optional_global})
 
-if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.13)
-  # In CMake 3.11+, you can set INTERFACE properties via the normal methods, and
-  # this would be simpler.
-  set_property(
-    TARGET pybind11::python_link_helper
-    APPEND
-    PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "$<$<PLATFORM_ID:Darwin>:-undefined dynamic_lookup>")
-else()
-  # link_options was added in 3.13+
-  # This is safer, because you are ensured the deduplication pass in CMake will not consider
-  # these separate and remove one but not the other.
 set_property(
   TARGET pybind11::python_link_helper
   APPEND
   PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "$<$<PLATFORM_ID:Darwin>:LINKER:-undefined,dynamic_lookup>")
-endif()
 
 # ------------------------ Windows extras -------------------------
 
@@ -110,12 +116,6 @@ if(MSVC) # That's also clang-cl
 
   # /MP enables multithreaded builds (relevant when there are many files) for MSVC
   if("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC") # no Clang no Intel
-    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.11)
-      set_property(
-        TARGET pybind11::windows_extras
-        APPEND
-        PROPERTY INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS $<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:/MP>)
-    else()
     # Only set these options for C++ files.  This is important so that, for
     # instance, projects that include other types of source files like CUDA
     # .cu files don't get these options propagated to nvcc since that would
@@ -123,9 +123,7 @@ if(MSVC) # That's also clang-cl
     set_property(
       TARGET pybind11::windows_extras
       APPEND
-        PROPERTY INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS
+      PROPERTY INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS $<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/MP>>)
-                 $<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/MP>>)
-    endif()
   endif()
 endif()
 
@@ -329,7 +327,7 @@ function(_pybind11_generate_lto target prefer_thin_lto)
 
     if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "ppc64le" OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "mips64")
       # Do nothing
-    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES emscripten)
+    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES Emscripten)
       # This compile is very costly when cross-compiling, so set this without checking
       set(PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS "-flto${thin}${cxx_append}")
       set(PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS "-flto${thin}${linker_append}")
@@ -371,11 +369,7 @@ function(_pybind11_generate_lto target prefer_thin_lto)
     set(is_debug "$<OR:$<CONFIG:Debug>,$<CONFIG:RelWithDebInfo>>")
     set(not_debug "$<NOT:${is_debug}>")
     set(cxx_lang "$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>")
-    if(MSVC AND CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.11)
-      set(genex "${not_debug}")
-    else()
     set(genex "$<AND:${not_debug},${cxx_lang}>")
-    endif()
     set_property(
       TARGET ${target}
       APPEND
@@ -390,18 +384,11 @@ function(_pybind11_generate_lto target prefer_thin_lto)
   endif()
 
   if(PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS)
-    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.11)
-      set_property(
-        TARGET ${target}
-        APPEND
-        PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "$<${not_debug}:${PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS}>")
-    else()
     set_property(
       TARGET ${target}
       APPEND
       PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "$<${not_debug}:${PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS}>")
   endif()
-  endif()
 endfunction()
 
 if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION)

tools/pybind11Config.cmake.in

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ you can either use the basic targets, or use the FindPython tools:
 
   # Python method:
   Python_add_library(MyModule2 src2.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(MyModule2 pybind11::headers)
+  target_link_libraries(MyModule2 PUBLIC pybind11::headers)
   set_target_properties(MyModule2 PROPERTIES
                                   INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION ON
                                   CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET ON

tools/pybind11GuessPythonExtSuffix.cmake

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
 
 function(pybind11_guess_python_module_extension python)
 

tools/pybind11NewTools.cmake

@@ -5,10 +5,6 @@
 # All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
 # BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.12)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "You cannot use the new FindPython module with CMake < 3.12")
-endif()
-
 include_guard(DIRECTORY)
 
 get_property(
@@ -236,7 +232,6 @@ if(TARGET ${_Python}::Python)
     PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${_Python}::Python)
 endif()
 
-# CMake 3.15+ has this
 if(TARGET ${_Python}::Module)
   set_property(
     TARGET pybind11::module

tools/pybind11Tools.cmake

@@ -5,13 +5,7 @@
 # All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
 # BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-# include_guard(global) (pre-CMake 3.10)
+include_guard(GLOBAL)
-if(TARGET pybind11::python_headers)
-  return()
-endif()
-
-# Built-in in CMake 3.5+
-include(CMakeParseArguments)
 
 if(pybind11_FIND_QUIETLY)
   set(_pybind11_quiet QUIET)
@@ -116,22 +110,6 @@ if(PYTHON_IS_DEBUG)
     PROPERTY INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS Py_DEBUG)
 endif()
 
-# The <3.11 code here does not support release/debug builds at the same time, like on vcpkg
-if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.11)
-  set_property(
-    TARGET pybind11::module
-    APPEND
-    PROPERTY
-      INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES
-      pybind11::python_link_helper
-      "$<$<OR:$<PLATFORM_ID:Windows>,$<PLATFORM_ID:Cygwin>>:$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PYTHON_LIBRARIES}>>"
-  )
-
-  set_property(
-    TARGET pybind11::embed
-    APPEND
-    PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES pybind11::pybind11 $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PYTHON_LIBRARIES}>)
-else()
 # The IMPORTED INTERFACE library here is to ensure that "debug" and "release" get processed outside
 # of a generator expression - https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/issues/18424, as they are
 # target_link_library keywords rather than real libraries.
@@ -145,7 +123,6 @@ else()
 
 target_link_libraries(pybind11::embed INTERFACE pybind11::pybind11
                                                 pybind11::_ClassicPythonLibraries)
-endif()
 
 function(pybind11_extension name)
   # The prefix and extension are provided by FindPythonLibsNew.cmake

tools/test-pybind11GuessPythonExtSuffix.cmake

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.30)
 
 # Tests for pybind11_guess_python_module_extension
 # Run using `cmake -P tools/test-pybind11GuessPythonExtSuffix.cmake`