Merge branch 'pybind:master' into master

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ jobs:
       run: >
         cmake -S . -B .
         -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
+        -DPYBIND11_DISABLE_HANDLE_TYPE_NAME_DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION=ON
         -DPYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT=ON
         -DPYBIND11_NUMPY_1_ONLY=ON
         -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON

.github/workflows/configure.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
 
         - runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
           arch: x64
-          cmake: "3.27"
+          cmake: "3.29"
 
         - runs-on: macos-latest
           arch: x64

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/labeler@main
+    - uses: actions/labeler@v4
       if: >
         github.event.pull_request.merged == true &&
         !startsWith(github.event.pull_request.title, 'chore(deps):') &&

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ endif()
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 if(_pybind11_cmp0148)
@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@ endif()
 option(PYBIND11_INSTALL "Install pybind11 header files?" ${PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT})
 option(PYBIND11_TEST "Build pybind11 test suite?" ${PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT})
 option(PYBIND11_NOPYTHON "Disable search for Python" OFF)
+option(PYBIND11_DISABLE_HANDLE_TYPE_NAME_DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION
+       "To enforce that a handle_type_name<> specialization exists" OFF)
 option(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT
        "Use simpler GIL management logic that does not support disassociation" OFF)
 option(PYBIND11_NUMPY_1_ONLY
@@ -115,6 +117,9 @@ set(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION
     ""
     CACHE STRING "Override the ABI version, may be used to enable the unstable ABI.")
 
+if(PYBIND11_DISABLE_HANDLE_TYPE_NAME_DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION)
+  add_compile_definitions(PYBIND11_DISABLE_HANDLE_TYPE_NAME_DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION)
+endif()
 if(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
   add_compile_definitions(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
 endif()

README.rst

@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ with everything stripped away that isn't relevant for binding
 generation. Without comments, the core header files only require ~4K
 lines of code and depend on Python (3.6+, or PyPy) and the C++
 standard library. This compact implementation was possible thanks to
-some of the new C++11 language features (specifically: tuples, lambda
+some C++11 language features (specifically: tuples, lambda functions and
-functions and variadic templates). Since its creation, this library has
+variadic templates). Since its creation, this library has grown beyond
-grown beyond Boost.Python in many ways, leading to dramatically simpler
+Boost.Python in many ways, leading to dramatically simpler binding code in many
-binding code in many common situations.
+common situations.
 
 Tutorial and reference documentation is provided at
 `pybind11.readthedocs.io <https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/latest>`_.
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ pybind11 can map the following core C++ features to Python:
 - Internal references with correct reference counting
 - C++ classes with virtual (and pure virtual) methods can be extended
   in Python
+- Integrated NumPy support (NumPy 2 requires pybind11 2.12+)
 
 Goodies
 -------

docs/advanced/embedding.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ information, see :doc:`/compiling`.
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)
     project(example)
 
     find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)  # or `add_subdirectory(pybind11)`

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -15,9 +15,183 @@ IN DEVELOPMENT
 
 Changes will be summarized here periodically.
 
+Version 2.12.0 (March 27, 2025)
+-------------------------------
+
+New Features:
+
+* ``pybind11`` now supports compiling for
+  `NumPy 2 <https://numpy.org/devdocs/numpy_2_0_migration_guide.html>`_. Most
+  code shouldn't change (see :ref:`upgrade-guide-2.12` for details). However,
+  if you experience issues you can define ``PYBIND11_NUMPY_1_ONLY`` to disable
+  the new support for now, but this will be removed in the future.
+  `#5050 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5050>`_
+
+* ``pybind11/gil_safe_call_once.h`` was added (it needs to be included
+  explicitly). The primary use case is GIL-safe initialization of C++
+  ``static`` variables.
+  `#4877 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4877>`_
+
+* Support move-only iterators in ``py::make_iterator``,
+  ``py::make_key_iterator``, ``py::make_value_iterator``.
+  `#4834 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4834>`_
+
+* Two simple ``py::set_error()`` functions were added and the documentation was
+  updated accordingly. In particular, ``py::exception<>::operator()`` was
+  deprecated (use one of the new functions instead). The documentation for
+  ``py::exception<>`` was further updated to not suggest code that may result
+  in undefined behavior.
+  `#4772 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4772>`_
+
+Bug fixes:
+
+* Removes potential for Undefined Behavior during process teardown.
+  `#4897 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4897>`_
+
+* Improve compatibility with the nvcc compiler (especially CUDA 12.1/12.2).
+  `#4893 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4893>`_
+
+* ``pybind11/numpy.h`` now imports NumPy's ``multiarray`` and ``_internal``
+  submodules with paths depending on the installed version of NumPy (for
+  compatibility with NumPy 2).
+  `#4857 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4857>`_
+
+* Builtins collections names in docstrings are now consistently rendered in
+  lowercase (list, set, dict, tuple), in accordance with PEP 585.
+  `#4833 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4833>`_
+
+* Added ``py::typing::Iterator<T>``, ``py::typing::Iterable<T>``.
+  `#4832 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4832>`_
+
+* Render ``py::function`` as ``Callable`` in docstring.
+  `#4829 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4829>`_
+
+* Also bump ``PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION`` for MSVC, which unlocks two new
+  features without creating additional incompatibilities.
+  `#4819 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4819>`_
+
+* Guard against crashes/corruptions caused by modules built with different MSVC
+  versions.
+  `#4779 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4779>`_
+
+* A long-standing bug in the handling of Python multiple inheritance was fixed.
+  See PR #4762 for the rather complex details.
+  `#4762 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4762>`_
+
+* Fix ``bind_map`` with ``using`` declarations.
+  `#4952 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4952>`_
+
+* Qualify ``py::detail::concat`` usage to avoid ADL selecting one from
+  somewhere else, such as modernjson's concat.
+  `#4955 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4955>`_
+
+* Use new PyCode API on Python 3.12+.
+  `#4916 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4916>`_
+
+* Minor cleanup from warnings reported by Clazy.
+  `#4988 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4988>`_
+
+* Remove typing and duplicate ``class_`` for ``KeysView``/``ValuesView``/``ItemsView``.
+  `#4985 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4985>`_
+
+* Use ``PyObject_VisitManagedDict()`` and ``PyObject_ClearManagedDict()`` on Python 3.13 and newer.
+  `#4973 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4973>`_
+
+* Update ``make_static_property_type()`` to make it compatible with Python 3.13.
+  `#4971 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4971>`_
+
+.. fix(types)
+
+* Render typed iterators for ``make_iterator``, ``make_key_iterator``,
+  ``make_value_iterator``.
+  `#4876 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4876>`_
+
+* Add several missing type name specializations.
+  `#5073 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5073>`_
+
+* Change docstring render for ``py::buffer``, ``py::sequence`` and
+  ``py::handle`` (to ``Buffer``, ``Sequence``, ``Any``).
+  `#4831 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4831>`_
+
+* Fixed ``base_enum.__str__`` docstring.
+  `#4827 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4827>`_
+
+* Enforce single line docstring signatures.
+  `#4735 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4735>`_
+
+* Special 'typed' wrappers now available in ``typing.h`` to annotate tuple, dict,
+  list, set, and function.
+  `#4259 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4259>`_
+
+* Create ``handle_type_name`` specialization to type-hint variable length tuples.
+  `#5051 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5051>`_
+
+.. fix(build)
+
+* Setting ``PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON`` to OFF will force the old FindPythonLibs mechanism to be used.
+  `#5042 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5042>`_
+
+* Skip empty ``PYBIND11_PYTHON_EXECUTABLE_LAST`` for the first cmake run.
+  `#4856 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4856>`_
+
+* Fix FindPython mode exports & avoid ``pkg_resources`` if
+  ``importlib.metadata`` available.
+  `#4941 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4941>`_
+
+* ``Python_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS`` (classic search) now includes 3.12.
+  `#4909 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4909>`_
+
+* ``pybind11.pc`` is now relocatable by default as long as install destinations
+  are not absolute paths.
+  `#4830 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4830>`_
+
+* Correctly detect CMake FindPython removal when used as a subdirectory.
+  `#4806 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4806>`_
+
+* Don't require the libs component on CMake 3.18+ when using
+  PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON (fixes manylinux builds).
+  `#4805 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4805>`_
+
+* ``pybind11_strip`` is no longer automatically applied when
+  ``CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE`` is unset.
+  `#4780 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4780>`_
+
+* Support ``DEBUG_POSFIX`` correctly for debug builds.
+  `#4761 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4761>`_
+
+* Hardcode lto/thin lto for Emscripten cross-compiles.
+  `#4642 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4642>`_
+
+* Upgrade maximum supported CMake version to 3.27 to fix CMP0148 warnings.
+  `#4786 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4786>`_
+
+Documentation:
+
+* Small fix to grammar in ``functions.rst``.
+  `#4791 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4791>`_
+
+* Remove upper bound in example pyproject.toml for setuptools.
+  `#4774 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4774>`_
+
+CI:
+
+* CI: Update NVHPC to 23.5 and Ubuntu 20.04.
+  `#4764 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4764>`_
+
+* Test on PyPy 3.10.
+  `#4714 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4714>`_
+
+Other:
+
+* Use Ruff formatter instead of Black.
+  `#4912 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4912>`_
+
+* An ``assert()`` was added to help Coverty avoid generating a false positive.
+  `#4817 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4817>`_
+
 
 Version 2.11.1 (July 17, 2023)
------------------------------
+------------------------------
 
 Changes:
 
@@ -32,7 +206,7 @@ Changes:
 
 
 Version 2.11.0 (July 14, 2023)
------------------------------
+------------------------------
 
 New features:
 

docs/compiling.rst

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ extension module can be created with just a few lines of code:
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     add_subdirectory(pybind11)
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ You can use these targets to build complex applications. For example, the
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)  # or add_subdirectory(pybind11)
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ information about usage in C++, see :doc:`/advanced/embedding`.
 
 .. code-block:: cmake
 
-    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)
     project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
 
     find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)  # or add_subdirectory(pybind11)

docs/release.rst

@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ If you don't have nox, you should either use ``pipx run nox`` instead, or use
 
   - Run ``nox -s tests_packaging`` to ensure this was done correctly.
 
-  - Ensure that all the information in ``setup.cfg`` is up-to-date, like
+- Ensure that all the information in ``setup.cfg`` is up-to-date, like
     supported Python versions.
 
-  - Add release date in ``docs/changelog.rst`` and integrate the output of
+- Add release date in ``docs/changelog.rst`` and integrate the output of
   ``nox -s make_changelog``.
 
-    - Note that the ``make_changelog`` command inspects
+  - Note that the ``nox -s make_changelog`` command inspects
     `needs changelog <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed+label%3A%22needs+changelog%22>`_.
 
   - Manually clear the ``needs changelog`` labels using the GitHub web
     interface (very easy: start by clicking the link above).
 
-  - ``git add`` and ``git commit``, ``git push``. **Ensure CI passes**. (If it
+- ``git add`` and ``git commit``, ``git push``. **Ensure CI passes**. (If it
     fails due to a known flake issue, either ignore or restart CI.)
 
 - Add a release branch if this is a new MINOR version, or update the existing

docs/upgrade.rst

@@ -8,6 +8,34 @@ to a new version. But it goes into more detail. This includes things like
 deprecated APIs and their replacements, build system changes, general code
 modernization and other useful information.
 
+.. _upgrade-guide-2.12:
+
+v2.12
+=====
+
+NumPy support has been upgraded to support the 2.x series too. The two relevant
+changes are that:
+
+* ``dtype.flags()`` is now a ``uint64`` and ``dtype.alignment()`` an
+  ``ssize_t`` (and NumPy may return an larger than integer value for
+  ``itemsize()`` in NumPy 2.x).
+
+* The long deprecated NumPy function ``PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject``
+  function is not available anymore.
+
+Due to NumPy changes, you may experience difficulties updating to NumPy 2.
+Please see the [NumPy 2 migration guide](https://numpy.org/devdocs/numpy_2_0_migration_guide.html) for details.
+For example, a more direct change could be that the default integer ``"int_"``
+(and ``"uint"``) is now ``ssize_t`` and not ``long`` (affects 64bit windows).
+
+If you want to only support NumPy 1.x for now and are having problems due to
+the two internal changes listed above, you can define
+``PYBIND11_NUMPY_1_ONLY`` to disable the new support for now. Make sure you
+define this on all pybind11 compile units, since it could be a source of ODR
+violations if used inconsistently. This option will be removed in the future,
+so adapting your code is highly recommended.
+
+
 .. _upgrade-guide-2.11:
 
 v2.11

include/pybind11/cast.h

@@ -672,8 +672,9 @@ public:
         return cast(*src, policy, parent);
     }
 
-    static constexpr auto name
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[")
-        = const_name("tuple[") + concat(make_caster<Ts>::name...) + const_name("]");
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Ts>::name...)
+                                 + const_name("]");
 
     template <typename T>
     using cast_op_type = type;
@@ -881,10 +882,53 @@ struct is_holder_type
 template <typename base, typename deleter>
 struct is_holder_type<base, std::unique_ptr<base, deleter>> : std::true_type {};
 
+#ifdef PYBIND11_DISABLE_HANDLE_TYPE_NAME_DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION // See PR #4888
+
+// This leads to compilation errors if a specialization is missing.
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name;
+
+#else
+
 template <typename T>
 struct handle_type_name {
     static constexpr auto name = const_name<T>();
 };
+
+#endif
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<object> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("object");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<list> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("list");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<dict> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("dict");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<anyset> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Union[set, frozenset]");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<set> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("set");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<frozenset> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("frozenset");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<str> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("str");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<tuple> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple");
+};
 template <>
 struct handle_type_name<bool_> {
     static constexpr auto name = const_name("bool");
@@ -930,6 +974,34 @@ struct handle_type_name<sequence> {
     static constexpr auto name = const_name("Sequence");
 };
 template <>
+struct handle_type_name<bytearray> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("bytearray");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<memoryview> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("memoryview");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<slice> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("slice");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<type> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("type");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<capsule> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("capsule");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<ellipsis> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("ellipsis");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<weakref> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("weakref");
+};
+template <>
 struct handle_type_name<args> {
     static constexpr auto name = const_name("*args");
 };
@@ -937,6 +1009,30 @@ template <>
 struct handle_type_name<kwargs> {
     static constexpr auto name = const_name("**kwargs");
 };
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<obj_attr_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<obj_attr_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<str_attr_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<str_attr_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<item_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<item_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<sequence_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<sequence_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<list_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<list_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<tuple_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<tuple_accessor>();
+};
 
 template <typename type>
 struct pyobject_caster {
@@ -1474,7 +1570,8 @@ public:
     static_assert(args_pos == -1 || args_pos == constexpr_first<argument_is_args, Args...>(),
                   "py::args cannot be specified more than once");
 
-    static constexpr auto arg_names = concat(type_descr(make_caster<Args>::name)...);
+    static constexpr auto arg_names
+        = ::pybind11::detail::concat(type_descr(make_caster<Args>::name)...);
 
     bool load_args(function_call &call) { return load_impl_sequence(call, indices{}); }
 

include/pybind11/detail/common.h

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #define PYBIND11_VERSION_MAJOR 2
-#define PYBIND11_VERSION_MINOR 12
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_MINOR 13
 #define PYBIND11_VERSION_PATCH 0.dev1
 
 // Similar to Python's convention: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/apiabiversion.html
 // Additional convention: 0xD = dev
-#define PYBIND11_VERSION_HEX 0x020C00D1
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_HEX 0x020D00D1
 
 // Define some generic pybind11 helper macros for warning management.
 //

include/pybind11/detail/type_caster_base.h

@@ -1201,13 +1201,17 @@ protected:
     static Constructor make_move_constructor(...) { return nullptr; }
 };
 
+inline std::string quote_cpp_type_name(const std::string &cpp_type_name) {
+    return cpp_type_name; // No-op for now. See PR #4888
+}
+
 PYBIND11_NOINLINE std::string type_info_description(const std::type_info &ti) {
     if (auto *type_data = get_type_info(ti)) {
         handle th((PyObject *) type_data->type);
         return th.attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + '.'
                + th.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>();
     }
-    return clean_type_id(ti.name());
+    return quote_cpp_type_name(clean_type_id(ti.name()));
 }
 
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)

include/pybind11/eigen/tensor.h

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ struct eigen_tensor_helper<Eigen::Tensor<Scalar_, NumIndices_, Options_, IndexTy
 
     template <size_t... Is>
     struct helper<index_sequence<Is...>> {
-        static constexpr auto value = concat(const_name(((void) Is, "?"))...);
+        static constexpr auto value = ::pybind11::detail::concat(const_name(((void) Is, "?"))...);
     };
 
     static constexpr auto dimensions_descriptor
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ struct eigen_tensor_helper<
         return get_shape() == shape;
     }
 
-    static constexpr auto dimensions_descriptor = concat(const_name<Indices>()...);
+    static constexpr auto dimensions_descriptor
+        = ::pybind11::detail::concat(const_name<Indices>()...);
 
     template <typename... Args>
     static Type *alloc(Args &&...args) {

include/pybind11/functional.h

@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ public:
     }
 
     PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type,
-                         const_name("Callable[[") + concat(make_caster<Args>::name...)
+                         const_name("Callable[[")
+                             + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Args>::name...)
                              + const_name("], ") + make_caster<retval_type>::name
                              + const_name("]"));
 };

include/pybind11/numpy.h

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
 
 PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
 
+class dtype; // Forward declaration
 class array; // Forward declaration
 
 template <typename>
@@ -53,6 +54,11 @@ struct numpy_scalar; // Forward declaration
 
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
 
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<dtype> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("numpy.dtype");
+};
+
 template <>
 struct handle_type_name<array> {
     static constexpr auto name = const_name("numpy.ndarray");
@@ -538,7 +544,7 @@ struct array_info<std::array<T, N>> {
     }
 
     static constexpr auto extents = const_name<array_info<T>::is_array>(
-        concat(const_name<N>(), array_info<T>::extents), const_name<N>());
+        ::pybind11::detail::concat(const_name<N>(), array_info<T>::extents), const_name<N>());
 };
 // For numpy we have special handling for arrays of characters, so we don't include
 // the size in the array extents.

include/pybind11/pybind11.h

@@ -492,9 +492,7 @@ protected:
                     signature += rec->scope.attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + "."
                                  + rec->scope.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>();
                 } else {
-                    std::string tname(t->name());
+                    signature += detail::quote_cpp_type_name(detail::clean_type_id(t->name()));
-                    detail::clean_type_id(tname);
-                    signature += tname;
                 }
             } else {
                 signature += c;
@@ -1192,6 +1190,15 @@ protected:
     }
 };
 
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<cpp_function> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Callable");
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
 /// Wrapper for Python extension modules
 class module_ : public object {
 public:
@@ -1319,6 +1326,15 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<module_> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("module");
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
 // When inside a namespace (or anywhere as long as it's not the first item on a line),
 // C++20 allows "module" to be used. This is provided for backward compatibility, and for
 // simplicity, if someone wants to use py::module for example, that is perfectly safe.
@@ -2611,6 +2627,11 @@ public:
 
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
 
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<exception<void>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Exception");
+};
+
 // Helper function for register_exception and register_local_exception
 template <typename CppException>
 exception<CppException> &

include/pybind11/pytypes.h

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ struct sequence_item;
 struct list_item;
 struct tuple_item;
 } // namespace accessor_policies
+// PLEASE KEEP handle_type_name SPECIALIZATIONS IN SYNC.
 using obj_attr_accessor = accessor<accessor_policies::obj_attr>;
 using str_attr_accessor = accessor<accessor_policies::str_attr>;
 using item_accessor = accessor<accessor_policies::generic_item>;

include/pybind11/stl.h

@@ -421,7 +421,8 @@ struct variant_caster<V<Ts...>> {
 
     using Type = V<Ts...>;
     PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
-                         const_name("Union[") + detail::concat(make_caster<Ts>::name...)
+                         const_name("Union[")
+                             + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Ts>::name...)
                              + const_name("]"));
 };
 

include/pybind11/typing.h

@@ -69,8 +69,9 @@ PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
 
 template <typename... Types>
 struct handle_type_name<typing::Tuple<Types...>> {
-    static constexpr auto name
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[")
-        = const_name("tuple[") + concat(make_caster<Types>::name...) + const_name("]");
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Types>::name...)
+                                 + const_name("]");
 };
 
 template <>
@@ -115,9 +116,9 @@ struct handle_type_name<typing::Iterator<T>> {
 template <typename Return, typename... Args>
 struct handle_type_name<typing::Callable<Return(Args...)>> {
     using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
-    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Callable[[") + concat(make_caster<Args>::name...)
+    static constexpr auto name
-                                 + const_name("], ") + make_caster<retval_type>::name
+        = const_name("Callable[[") + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Args>::name...)
-                                 + const_name("]");
+          + const_name("], ") + make_caster<retval_type>::name + const_name("]");
 };
 
 PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)

pybind11/_version.py

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ def _to_int(s: str) -> Union[int, str]:
         return s
 
 
-__version__ = "2.12.0.dev1"
+__version__ = "2.13.0.dev1"
 version_info = tuple(_to_int(s) for s in __version__.split("."))

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 # Filter out items; print an optional message if any items filtered. This ignores extensions.

tests/test_cmake_build/installed_embed/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 project(test_installed_embed CXX)

tests/test_cmake_build/installed_function/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 project(test_installed_module CXX)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 project(test_installed_function CXX)

tests/test_cmake_build/installed_target/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 project(test_installed_target CXX)

tests/test_cmake_build/subdirectory_embed/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 project(test_subdirectory_embed CXX)

tests/test_cmake_build/subdirectory_function/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 project(test_subdirectory_function CXX)

tests/test_cmake_build/subdirectory_target/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.27)` syntax does not work with
+# The `cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.29)` syntax does not work with
 # some versions of VS that have a patched CMake 3.11. This forces us to emulate
 # the behavior using the following workaround:
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.27)
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.29)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
 else()
-  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.27)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION 3.29)
 endif()
 
 project(test_subdirectory_target CXX)

tests/test_custom_type_casters.cpp

@@ -134,6 +134,16 @@ struct type_caster<other_lib::MyType> : public other_lib::my_caster {};
 } // namespace detail
 } // namespace PYBIND11_NAMESPACE
 
+// This simply is required to compile
+namespace ADL_issue {
+template <typename OutStringType = std::string, typename... Args>
+OutStringType concat(Args &&...) {
+    return OutStringType();
+}
+
+struct test {};
+} // namespace ADL_issue
+
 TEST_SUBMODULE(custom_type_casters, m) {
     // test_custom_type_casters
 
@@ -206,4 +216,6 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(custom_type_casters, m) {
           py::return_value_policy::reference);
 
     m.def("other_lib_type", [](other_lib::MyType x) { return x; });
+
+    m.def("_adl_issue", [](const ADL_issue::test &) {});
 }

tests/test_exceptions.cpp

@@ -382,4 +382,7 @@ TEST_SUBMODULE(exceptions, m) {
         // function returns None instead of int, should give a useful error message
         fn().cast<int>();
     });
+
+    // m.def("pass_exception_void", [](const py::exception<void>&) {}); // Does not compile.
+    m.def("return_exception_void", []() { return py::exception<void>(); });
 }

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -424,3 +424,9 @@ def test_fn_cast_int_exception():
     assert str(excinfo.value).startswith(
         "Unable to cast Python instance of type <class 'NoneType'> to C++ type"
     )
+
+
+def test_return_exception_void():
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
+        m.return_exception_void()
+    assert "Exception" in str(excinfo.value)

tests/test_pytypes.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,15 @@ class float_ : public py::object {
 };
 } // namespace external
 
+namespace pybind11 {
+namespace detail {
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<external::float_> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("float");
+};
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace pybind11
+
 namespace implicit_conversion_from_0_to_handle {
 // Uncomment to trigger compiler error. Note: Before PR #4008 this used to compile successfully.
 // void expected_to_trigger_compiler_error() { py::handle(0); }

tests/test_pytypes.py

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def test_set(capture, doc):
     assert m.anyset_contains({"foo"}, "foo")
 
     assert doc(m.get_set) == "get_set() -> set"
-    assert doc(m.print_anyset) == "print_anyset(arg0: anyset) -> None"
+    assert doc(m.print_anyset) == "print_anyset(arg0: Union[set, frozenset]) -> None"
 
 
 def test_frozenset(capture, doc):

tools/make_changelog.py

@@ -67,10 +67,12 @@ for issue in issues:
 for cat, msgs in cats.items():
     if msgs:
         desc = cats_descr[cat]
-        print(f"[bold]{desc}:\n" if desc else "")
+        print(f"[bold]{desc}:" if desc else f".. {cat}")
+        print()
         for msg in msgs:
             print(Syntax(msg, "rst", theme="ansi_light", word_wrap=True))
             print()
+        print()
 
 if missing:
     print()