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docs: move CONTRIBUTING (#2402)

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* docs: move CONTRIBUTING

* docs: clarify PyPy promise
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CONTRIBUTING.md → .github/CONTRIBUTING.md vendored
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recursive-include include/pybind11 *.h
include LICENSE README.md CONTRIBUTING.md
include LICENSE README.md .github/CONTRIBUTING.md

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[![CI](https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/actions)
[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/riaj54pn4h08xy40?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/wjakob/pybind11)
**pybind11** is a lightweight header-only library that exposes C++ types in Python
and vice versa, mainly to create Python bindings of existing C++ code. Its
goals and syntax are similar to the excellent
[Boost.Python](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_58_0/libs/python/doc/) library
by David Abrahams: to minimize boilerplate code in traditional extension
modules by inferring type information using compile-time introspection.
**pybind11** is a lightweight header-only library that exposes C++ types in
Python and vice versa, mainly to create Python bindings of existing C++ code.
Its goals and syntax are similar to the excellent [Boost.Python][] library by
David Abrahams: to minimize boilerplate code in traditional extension modules
by inferring type information using compile-time introspection.
The main issue with Boost.Python—and the reason for creating such a similar
project—is Boost. Boost is an enormously large and complex suite of utility
@ -26,19 +25,18 @@ become an excessively large and unnecessary dependency.
Think of this library as a tiny self-contained version of Boost.Python with
everything stripped away that isn't relevant for binding generation. Without
comments, the core header files only require ~4K lines of code and depend on
Python (2.7 or 3.x, or PyPy2.7 >= 5.7) and the C++ standard library. This
compact implementation was possible thanks to some of the new C++11 language
features (specifically: tuples, lambda functions and variadic templates). Since
its creation, this library has grown beyond Boost.Python in many ways, leading
to dramatically simpler binding code in many common situations.
Python (2.7 or 3.5+, or PyPy) and the C++ standard library. This compact
implementation was possible thanks to some of the new C++11 language features
(specifically: tuples, lambda functions and variadic templates). Since its
creation, this library has grown beyond Boost.Python in many ways, leading to
dramatically simpler binding code in many common situations.
Tutorial and reference documentation is provided at
[http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/master](http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/master).
A PDF version of the manual is available
[here](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/pybind11/master/pybind11.pdf).
[pybind11.readthedocs.org][]. A PDF version of the manual is available
[here][docs-pdf].
## Core features
pybind11 can map the following core C++ features to Python
pybind11 can map the following core C++ features to Python:
- Functions accepting and returning custom data structures per value, reference, or pointer
- Instance methods and static methods
@ -51,15 +49,15 @@ pybind11 can map the following core C++ features to Python
- Custom operators
- Single and multiple inheritance
- STL data structures
- Smart pointers with reference counting like ``std::shared_ptr``
- Smart pointers with reference counting like `std::shared_ptr`
- Internal references with correct reference counting
- C++ classes with virtual (and pure virtual) methods can be extended in Python
## Goodies
In addition to the core functionality, pybind11 provides some extra goodies:
- Python 2.7, 3.x, and PyPy (PyPy2.7 >= 5.7) are supported with an
implementation-agnostic interface.
- Python 2.7, 3.5+, and PyPy (tested on 7.3) are supported with an implementation-agnostic
interface.
- It is possible to bind C++11 lambda functions with captured variables. The
lambda capture data is stored inside the resulting Python function object.
@ -83,10 +81,10 @@ In addition to the core functionality, pybind11 provides some extra goodies:
- Binaries are generally smaller by a factor of at least 2 compared to
equivalent bindings generated by Boost.Python. A recent pybind11 conversion
of PyRosetta, an enormous Boost.Python binding project,
[reported](http://graylab.jhu.edu/RosettaCon2016/PyRosetta-4.pdf) a binary
size reduction of **5.4x** and compile time reduction by **5.8x**.
[reported][pyrosetta-report] a binary size reduction of **5.4x** and compile
time reduction by **5.8x**.
- Function signatures are precomputed at compile time (using ``constexpr``),
- Function signatures are precomputed at compile time (using `constexpr`),
leading to smaller binaries.
- With little extra effort, C++ types can be pickled and unpickled similar to
@ -97,7 +95,8 @@ In addition to the core functionality, pybind11 provides some extra goodies:
1. Clang/LLVM 3.3 or newer (for Apple Xcode's clang, this is 5.0.0 or newer)
2. GCC 4.8 or newer
3. Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 or newer
4. Intel C++ compiler 17 or newer (16 with pybind11 v2.0 and 15 with pybind11 v2.0 and a [workaround](https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/276))
4. Intel C++ compiler 17 or newer (16 with pybind11 v2.0 and 15 with pybind11
v2.0 and a [workaround][intel-15-workaround])
5. Cygwin/GCC (tested on 2.5.1)
## About
@ -122,8 +121,23 @@ Henry Schreiner,
Ivan Smirnov, and
Patrick Stewart.
### Contributing
See the [contributing guide][] for information on building and contributing to
pybind11.
### License
pybind11 is provided under a BSD-style license that can be found in the
``LICENSE`` file. By using, distributing, or contributing to this project,
[`LICENSE`][] file. By using, distributing, or contributing to this project,
you agree to the terms and conditions of this license.
[pybind11.readthedocs.org]: http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/master
[docs-pdf]: https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/pybind11/master/pybind11.pdf
[Boost.Python]: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_58_0/libs/python/doc/
[pyrosetta-report]: http://graylab.jhu.edu/RosettaCon2016/PyRosetta-4.pdf
[contributing guide]: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
[`LICENSE`]: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/blob/master/LICENSE
[intel-15-workaround]: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/276