Commit Graph

44 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Bruce Merry
8e0d832c7d Support arrays inside PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE (#832)
Resolves #800.

Both C++ arrays and std::array are supported, including mixtures like
std::array<int, 2>[4]. In a multi-dimensional array of char, the last
dimension is used to construct a numpy string type.
2017-05-10 10:21:01 +02:00
Dean Moldovan
076c738641 Add py::exec() as a shortcut for py::eval<py::eval_statements>() 2017-05-08 20:46:16 +02:00
Cris Luengo
30d43c4992 Now shape, size, ndims and itemsize are also signed integers. 2017-05-08 01:50:21 +02:00
Jason Rhinelander
b68959e822 Use numpy rather than Eigen for copying
We're current copy by creating an Eigen::Map into the input numpy
array, then assigning that to the basic eigen type, effectively having
Eigen do the copy.  That doesn't work for negative strides, though:
Eigen doesn't allow them.

This commit makes numpy do the copying instead by allocating the eigen
type, then having numpy copy from the input array into a numpy reference
into the eigen object's data.  This also saves a copy when type
conversion is required: numpy can do the conversion on-the-fly as part
of the copy.

Finally this commit also makes non-reference parameters respect the
convert flag, declining the load when called in a noconvert pass with a
convertible, but non-array input or an array with the wrong dtype.
2017-05-08 01:50:21 +02:00
Cris Luengo
d400f60c96 Python buffer objects can have negative strides. 2017-05-08 01:50:21 +02:00
Dean Moldovan
4ffa76ec56 Add type caster for std::variant and other variant-like classes 2017-04-29 17:31:30 +02:00
Dean Moldovan
1ac19036d6 Add a scope guard call policy
```c++
m.def("foo", foo, py::call_guard<T>());
```

is equivalent to:

```c++
m.def("foo", [](args...) {
    T scope_guard;
    return foo(args...); // forwarded arguments
});
```
2017-04-03 00:52:47 +02:00
Dean Moldovan
194d8b99b3 Support raw string literals as input for py::eval (#766)
* Support raw string literals as input for py::eval
* Dedent only when needed
2017-03-29 00:27:56 +02:00
Wenzel Jakob
b16421edb1 Nicer API to pass py::capsule destructor (#752)
* nicer py::capsule destructor mechanism
* added destructor-only version of capsule & tests
* added documentation for module destructors (fixes #733)
2017-03-22 22:04:00 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
ab26259c87 added note about trailing commas (fixes #593) 2017-03-22 21:39:19 +01:00
Jason Rhinelander
773339f131 array-unchecked: add runtime dimension support and array-compatible methods
The extends the previous unchecked support with the ability to
determine the dimensions at runtime.  This incurs a small performance
hit when used (versus the compile-time fixed alternative), but is still considerably
faster than the full checks on every call that happen with
`.at()`/`.mutable_at()`.
2017-03-22 16:15:56 -03:00
Jason Rhinelander
423a49b8be array: add unchecked access via proxy object
This adds bounds-unchecked access to arrays through a `a.unchecked<Type,
Dimensions>()` method.  (For `array_t<T>`, the `Type` template parameter
is omitted).  The mutable version (which requires the array have the
`writeable` flag) is available as `a.mutable_unchecked<...>()`.

Specifying the Dimensions as a template parameter allows storage of an
std::array; having the strides and sizes stored that way (as opposed to
storing a copy of the array's strides/shape pointers) allows the
compiler to make significant optimizations of the shape() method that it
can't make with a pointer; testing with nested loops of the form:

    for (size_t i0 = 0; i0 < r.shape(0); i0++)
        for (size_t i1 = 0; i1 < r.shape(1); i1++)
            ...
                r(i0, i1, ...) += 1;

over a 10 million element array gives around a 25% speedup (versus using
a pointer) for the 1D case, 33% for 2D, and runs more than twice as fast
with a 5D array.
2017-03-22 16:13:59 -03:00
Jason Rhinelander
17d0283eca Eigen<->numpy referencing support
This commit largely rewrites the Eigen dense matrix support to avoid
copying in many cases: Eigen arguments can now reference numpy data, and
numpy objects can now reference Eigen data (given compatible types).

Eigen::Ref<...> arguments now also make use of the new `convert`
argument use (added in PR #634) to avoid conversion, allowing
`py::arg().noconvert()` to be used when binding a function to prohibit
copying when invoking the function.  Respecting `convert` also means
Eigen overloads that avoid copying will be preferred during overload
resolution to ones that require copying.

This commit also rewrites the Eigen documentation and test suite to
explain and test the new capabilities.
2017-02-24 23:19:50 +01:00
Dean Moldovan
dd01665e5a Enable static properties (py::metaclass) by default
Now that only one shared metaclass is ever allocated, it's extremely
cheap to enable it for all pybind11 types.

* Deprecate the default py::metaclass() since it's not needed anymore.
* Allow users to specify a custom metaclass via py::metaclass(handle).
2017-02-23 15:45:26 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
baec23c2d4 minor stl caster clarifications 2017-02-17 12:59:32 +01:00
thorink
e72eaa47d2 changed return_value:: to return_value_policy:: (#672)
* changed return_value:: to return_value_policy::

* Update functions.rst
2017-02-17 12:57:39 +01:00
Jason Rhinelander
11a337f16f Unicode fixes and docs (#624)
* Propagate unicode conversion failure

If returning a std::string with invalid utf-8 data, we currently fail
with an uninformative TypeError instead of propagating the
UnicodeDecodeError that Python sets on failure.

* Add support for u16/u32strings and literals

This adds support for wchar{16,32}_t character literals and the
associated std::u{16,32}string types.  It also folds the
character/string conversion into a single type_caster template, since
the type casters for string and wstring were mostly the same anyway.

* Added too-long and too-big character conversion errors

With this commit, when casting to a single character, as opposed to a
C-style string, we make sure the input wasn't a multi-character string
or a single character with codepoint too large for the character type.

This also changes the character cast op to CharT instead of CharT& (we
need to be able to return a temporary decoded char value, but also
because there's little gained by bothering with an lvalue return here).

Finally it changes the char caster to 'has-a-string-caster' instead of
'is-a-string-caster' because, with the cast_op change above, there's
nothing at all gained from inheritance.  This also lets us remove the
`success` from the string caster (which was only there for the char
caster) into the char caster itself.  (I also renamed it to 'none' and
inverted its value to better reflect its purpose).  The None -> nullptr
loading also now takes place only under a `convert = true` load pass.
Although it's unlikely that a function taking a char also has overloads
that can take a None, it seems marginally more correct to treat it as a
conversion.

This commit simplifies the size assumptions about character sizes with
static_asserts to back them up.
2017-02-14 11:08:19 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
6fa316d259 Merge pull request #643 from jagerman/two-pass-dispatch
Prefer non-converting argument overloads
2017-02-05 23:51:50 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
18e34cb2e6 Merge pull request #634 from jagerman/noconvert-arguments
Add support for non-converting arguments
2017-02-05 23:51:38 +01:00
Jason Rhinelander
e550589b42 Prefer non-converting argument overloads
This changes the function dispatching code for overloaded functions into
a two-pass procedure where we first try all overloads with
`convert=false` for all arguments.  If no function calls succeeds in the
first pass, we then try a second pass where we allow arguments to have
`convert=true` (unless, of course, the argument was explicitly specified
with `py::arg().noconvert()`).

For non-overloaded methods, the two-pass procedure is skipped (we just
make the overload-allowed call).  The second pass is also skipped if it
would result in the same thing (i.e. where all arguments are
`.noconvert()` arguments).
2017-02-03 20:47:17 -05:00
Jason Rhinelander
abc29cad02 Add support for non-converting arguments
This adds support for controlling the `convert` flag of arguments
through the py::arg annotation.  This then allows arguments to be
flagged as non-converting, which the type_caster is able to use to
request different behaviour.

Currently, AFAICS `convert` is only used for type converters of regular
pybind11-registered types; all of the other core type_casters ignore it.
We can, however, repurpose it to control internal conversion of
converters like Eigen and `array`: most usefully to give callers a way
to disable the conversion that would otherwise occur when a
`Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix>` argument is passed a numpy array that
requires conversion (either because it has an incompatible stride or the
wrong dtype).

Specifying a noconvert looks like one of these:

    m.def("f1", &f, "a"_a.noconvert() = "default"); // Named, default, noconvert
    m.def("f2", &f, "a"_a.noconvert()); // Named, no default, no converting
    m.def("f3", &f, py::arg().noconvert()); // Unnamed, no default, no converting

(The last part--being able to declare a py::arg without a name--is new:
previous py::arg() only accepted named keyword arguments).

Such an non-convert argument is then passed `convert = false` by the
type caster when loading the argument.  Whether this has an effect is up
to the type caster itself, but as mentioned above, this would be
extremely helpful for the Eigen support to give a nicer way to specify
a "no-copy" mode than the custom wrapper in the current PR, and
moreover isn't an Eigen-specific hack.
2017-02-03 20:18:15 -05:00
jbarlow83
40db2c757a RFC - Add documentation for strings and Unicode issues (#636)
* Add documentation for strings and Unicode issues

* More Unicode documentation on character literals and wide characters
2017-02-02 13:56:31 +01:00
Jason Rhinelander
12494525cf Minor fixes (#613)
* Minor doc syntax fix

The numpy documentation had a bad :file: reference (was using double
backticks instead of single backticks).

* Changed long-outdated "example" -> "tests" wording

The ConstructorStats internal docs still had "from example import", and
the main testing cpp file still used "example" in the module
description.
2017-01-31 17:28:29 +01:00
Jason Rhinelander
2686da8350 Add support for positional args with args/kwargs
This commit rewrites the function dispatcher code to support mixing
regular arguments with py::args/py::kwargs arguments.  It also
simplifies the argument loader noticeably as it no longer has to worry
about args/kwargs: all of that is now sorted out in the dispatcher,
which now simply appends a tuple/dict if the function takes
py::args/py::kwargs, then passes all the arguments in a vector.

When the argument loader hit a py::args or py::kwargs, it doesn't do
anything special: it just calls the appropriate type_caster just like it
does for any other argument (thus removing the previous special cases
for args/kwargs).

Switching to passing arguments in a single std::vector instead of a pair
of tuples also makes things simpler, both in the dispatch and the
argument_loader: since this argument list is strictly pybind-internal
(i.e. it never goes to Python) we have no particular reason to use a
Python tuple here.

Some (intentional) restrictions:
- you may not bind a function that has args/kwargs somewhere other than
  the end (this somewhat matches Python, and keeps the dispatch code a
  little cleaner by being able to not worry about where to inject the
  args/kwargs in the argument list).
- If you specify an argument both positionally and via a keyword
  argument, you get a TypeError alerting you to this (as you do in
  Python).
2017-01-31 17:24:41 +01:00
Dustin Spicuzza
18d7df5efd Documentation: explicitly call out that the GIL is held (#615) 2017-01-31 17:06:13 +01:00
Dean Moldovan
ec009a7ca2 Improve custom holder support (#607)
* Abstract away some holder functionality (resolve #585)

Custom holder types which don't have `.get()` can select the correct
function to call by specializing `holder_traits`.

* Add support for move-only holders (fix #605)
2017-01-31 17:05:44 +01:00
Jason Rhinelander
f7f5bc8e37 Numpy: better compilation errors, long double support (#619)
* Clarify PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE documentation

The current documentation and example reads as though
PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE is a declarative macro along the same lines as
PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE, but it isn't.  The changes the
documentation and docs example to make it clear that you need to "call"
the macro.

* Add satisfies_{all,any,none}_of<T, Preds>

`satisfies_all_of<T, Pred1, Pred2, Pred3>` is a nice legibility-enhanced
shortcut for `is_all<Pred1<T>, Pred2<T>, Pred3<T>>`.

* Give better error message for non-POD dtype attempts

If you try to use a non-POD data type, you get difficult-to-interpret
compilation errors (about ::name() not being a member of an internal
pybind11 struct, among others), for which isn't at all obvious what the
problem is.

This adds a static_assert for such cases.

It also changes the base case from an empty struct to the is_pod_struct
case by no longer using `enable_if<is_pod_struct>` but instead using a
static_assert: thus specializations avoid the base class, POD types
work, and non-POD types (and unimplemented POD types like std::array)
get a more informative static_assert failure.

* Prefix macros with PYBIND11_

numpy.h uses unprefixed macros, which seems undesirable.  This prefixes
them with PYBIND11_ to match all the other macros in numpy.h (and
elsewhere).

* Add long double support

This adds long double and std::complex<long double> support for numpy
arrays.

This allows some simplification of the code used to generate format
descriptors; the new code uses fewer macros, instead putting the code as
different templated options; the template conditions end up simpler with
this because we are now supporting all basic C++ arithmetic types (and
so can use is_arithmetic instead of is_integral + multiple
different specializations).

In addition to testing that it is indeed working in the test script, it
also adds various offset and size calculations there, which
fixes the test failures under x86 compilations.
2017-01-31 17:00:15 +01:00
Dean Moldovan
57a9bbc6c7 Automate generation of reference docs with doxygen and breathe (#598)
* Make 'any' the default markup role for Sphinx docs

* Automate generation of reference docs with doxygen and breathe

* Improve reference docs coverage
2017-01-31 16:54:08 +01:00
jbarlow83
7830e8509f Docs: minor clarifications (#590)
* Some clarifications to section on virtual fns

Primarily, I made it clear that PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE_NAME is not "useful" but required in renaming situations. Also clarified that one should not bind to the trampoline helper class which I found tempting since it seems more explicit.

* Remove :emphasize-lines: from cpp block, seems to suppress formatting

* docs: emphasize default policy, clarify keep_alive

Emphasize the default return value policy since this statement is hidden in a wall of text. 

Add a hint that call policies are probably required for container objects.
2017-01-13 11:17:29 +01:00
myd7349
9b815ad2e9 Docs: Fix several errors of examples from the doc (#592)
* [Doc] Fix several errors of examples from the doc

* Add missing operator def.

* Added missing `()`

* Add missing `namespace`.
2017-01-13 11:15:52 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
1d1f81b278 WIP: PyPy support (#527)
This commit includes modifications that are needed to get pybind11 to work with PyPy. The full test suite compiles and runs except for a last few functions that are commented out (due to problems in PyPy that were reported on the PyPy bugtracker).

Two somewhat intrusive changes were needed to make it possible: two new tags ``py::buffer_protocol()`` and ``py::metaclass()`` must now be specified to the ``class_`` constructor if the class uses the buffer protocol and/or requires a metaclass (e.g. for static properties).

Note that this is only for the PyPy version based on Python 2.7 for now. When the PyPy 3.x has caught up in terms of cpyext compliance, a PyPy 3.x patch will follow.
2016-12-16 15:00:46 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
2029171211 always_construct_holder feature to support intrusively reference-counted types (#561)
* always_construct_holder feature to support intrusively reference-counted types

* added testcase
2016-12-15 23:44:23 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
8fadade225 add valarray to documentation, update docutils on travis 2016-12-09 16:08:16 +01:00
Dean Moldovan
ab90ec6ce9 Allow references to objects held by smart pointers (#533) 2016-12-07 02:36:44 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
405f6d1dfd make arithmetic operators of enum_ optional (#508)
Following commit 90d278, the object code generated by the python
bindings of nanogui (github.com/wjakob/nanogui) went up by a whopping
12%. It turns out that that project has quite a few enums where we don't
really care about arithmetic operators.

This commit thus partially reverts the effects of #503 by introducing
an additional attribute py::arithmetic() that must be specified if the
arithmetic operators are desired.
2016-11-17 23:24:47 +01:00
Alexander Stukowski
9a110e6da8 Provide more control over automatic generation of docstrings (#486)
Added the docstring_options class, which gives global control over the generation of docstrings and function signatures.
2016-11-15 12:38:05 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
45e6e6f6eb add note about custom type casters (fixes #480) 2016-11-04 11:06:22 +01:00
Ivan Smirnov
44a69f78cf std::experimental::optional (#475)
* Add type caster for std::experimental::optional

* Add tests for std::experimental::optional

* Support both <optional> / <experimental/optional>

* Mention std{::experimental,}::optional in the docs
2016-11-03 13:42:46 +01:00
Ivan Smirnov
f95fda0eb2 Add docs re: shared data API 2016-11-03 09:35:05 +00:00
Dean Moldovan
03f627ebb1 Make reference(_internal) the default return value policy for properties (#473)
* Make reference(_internal) the default return value policy for properties

Before this, all `def_property*` functions used `automatic` as their
default return value policy. This commit makes it so that:

 * Non-static properties use `reference_interal` by default, thus
   matching `def_readonly` and `def_readwrite`.

 * Static properties use `reference` by default, thus matching
   `def_readonly_static` and `def_readwrite_static`.

In case `cpp_function` is passed to any `def_property*`, its policy will
be used instead of any defaults. User-defined arguments in `extras`
still have top priority and will override both the default policies and
the ones from `cpp_function`.

Resolves #436.

* Almost always use return_value_policy::move for rvalues

For functions which return rvalues or rvalue references, the only viable
return value policies are `copy` and `move`. `reference(_internal)` and
`take_ownership` would take the address of a temporary which is always
an error.

This commit prevents possible user errors by overriding the bad rvalue
policies with `move`. Besides `move`, only `copy` is allowed, and only
if it's explicitly selected by the user.

This is also a necessary safety feature to support the new default
return value policies for properties: `reference(_internal)`.
2016-11-01 11:44:57 +01:00
Wenzel Jakob
6ba98650e2 a bit of work on the new documentation structure 2016-10-24 23:48:20 +02:00
Dean Moldovan
5d28dd1194 Support std::shared_ptr holder type out of the box
With this there is no more need for manual user declarations like
`PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, std::shared_ptr<T>)`. Existing ones
will still compile without error -- they will just be ignored silently.

Resolves #446.
2016-10-20 16:19:58 +02:00
Dean Moldovan
f0b0df58a9 Directly compare 3 ways of moving data between C++ and Python 2016-10-20 15:21:34 +02:00
Dean Moldovan
67b52d808e Reorganize documentation 2016-10-20 15:21:34 +02:00