from __future__ import annotations import sys import pytest import env from pybind11_tests import IncType, UserType from pybind11_tests import builtin_casters as m def test_simple_string(): assert m.string_roundtrip("const char *") == "const char *" def test_unicode_conversion(): """Tests unicode conversion and error reporting.""" assert m.good_utf8_string() == "Say utf8β€½ πŸŽ‚ 𝐀" assert m.good_utf16_string() == "bβ€½πŸŽ‚π€z" assert m.good_utf32_string() == "aπ€πŸŽ‚β€½z" assert m.good_wchar_string() == "aβΈ˜π€z" if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): assert m.good_utf8_u8string() == "Say utf8β€½ πŸŽ‚ 𝐀" with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError): m.bad_utf8_string() with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError): m.bad_utf16_string() # These are provided only if they actually fail (they don't when 32-bit) if hasattr(m, "bad_utf32_string"): with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError): m.bad_utf32_string() if hasattr(m, "bad_wchar_string"): with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError): m.bad_wchar_string() if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError): m.bad_utf8_u8string() assert m.u8_Z() == "Z" assert m.u8_eacute() == "Γ©" assert m.u16_ibang() == "β€½" assert m.u32_mathbfA() == "𝐀" assert m.wchar_heart() == "β™₯" if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): assert m.u8_char8_Z() == "Z" def test_single_char_arguments(): """Tests failures for passing invalid inputs to char-accepting functions""" def toobig_message(r): return f"Character code point not in range({r:#x})" toolong_message = "Expected a character, but multi-character string found" assert m.ord_char("a") == 0x61 # simple ASCII assert m.ord_char_lv("b") == 0x62 assert ( m.ord_char("Γ©") == 0xE9 ) # requires 2 bytes in utf-8, but can be stuffed in a char with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_char("Δ€") == 0x100 # requires 2 bytes, doesn't fit in a char assert str(excinfo.value) == toobig_message(0x100) with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_char("ab") assert str(excinfo.value) == toolong_message assert m.ord_char16("a") == 0x61 assert m.ord_char16("Γ©") == 0xE9 assert m.ord_char16_lv("Γͺ") == 0xEA assert m.ord_char16("Δ€") == 0x100 assert m.ord_char16("β€½") == 0x203D assert m.ord_char16("β™₯") == 0x2665 assert m.ord_char16_lv("β™‘") == 0x2661 with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_char16("πŸŽ‚") == 0x1F382 # requires surrogate pair assert str(excinfo.value) == toobig_message(0x10000) with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_char16("aa") assert str(excinfo.value) == toolong_message assert m.ord_char32("a") == 0x61 assert m.ord_char32("Γ©") == 0xE9 assert m.ord_char32("Δ€") == 0x100 assert m.ord_char32("β€½") == 0x203D assert m.ord_char32("β™₯") == 0x2665 assert m.ord_char32("πŸŽ‚") == 0x1F382 with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_char32("aa") assert str(excinfo.value) == toolong_message assert m.ord_wchar("a") == 0x61 assert m.ord_wchar("Γ©") == 0xE9 assert m.ord_wchar("Δ€") == 0x100 assert m.ord_wchar("β€½") == 0x203D assert m.ord_wchar("β™₯") == 0x2665 if m.wchar_size == 2: with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_wchar("πŸŽ‚") == 0x1F382 # requires surrogate pair assert str(excinfo.value) == toobig_message(0x10000) else: assert m.ord_wchar("πŸŽ‚") == 0x1F382 with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_wchar("aa") assert str(excinfo.value) == toolong_message if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): assert m.ord_char8("a") == 0x61 # simple ASCII assert m.ord_char8_lv("b") == 0x62 assert ( m.ord_char8("Γ©") == 0xE9 ) # requires 2 bytes in utf-8, but can be stuffed in a char with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_char8("Δ€") == 0x100 # requires 2 bytes, doesn't fit in a char assert str(excinfo.value) == toobig_message(0x100) with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: assert m.ord_char8("ab") assert str(excinfo.value) == toolong_message def test_bytes_to_string(): """Tests the ability to pass bytes to C++ string-accepting functions. Note that this is one-way: the only way to return bytes to Python is via the pybind11::bytes class.""" # Issue #816 assert m.strlen(b"hi") == 2 assert m.string_length(b"world") == 5 assert m.string_length(b"a\x00b") == 3 assert m.strlen(b"a\x00b") == 1 # C-string limitation # passing in a utf8 encoded string should work assert m.string_length("πŸ’©".encode()) == 4 def test_bytearray_to_string(): """Tests the ability to pass bytearray to C++ string-accepting functions""" assert m.string_length(bytearray(b"Hi")) == 2 assert m.strlen(bytearray(b"bytearray")) == 9 assert m.string_length(bytearray()) == 0 assert m.string_length(bytearray("🦜", "utf-8", "strict")) == 4 assert m.string_length(bytearray(b"\x80")) == 1 @pytest.mark.skipif(not hasattr(m, "has_string_view"), reason="no ") def test_string_view(capture): """Tests support for C++17 string_view arguments and return values""" assert m.string_view_chars("Hi") == [72, 105] assert m.string_view_chars("Hi πŸŽ‚") == [72, 105, 32, 0xF0, 0x9F, 0x8E, 0x82] assert m.string_view16_chars("Hi πŸŽ‚") == [72, 105, 32, 0xD83C, 0xDF82] assert m.string_view32_chars("Hi πŸŽ‚") == [72, 105, 32, 127874] if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): assert m.string_view8_chars("Hi") == [72, 105] assert m.string_view8_chars("Hi πŸŽ‚") == [72, 105, 32, 0xF0, 0x9F, 0x8E, 0x82] assert m.string_view_return() == "utf8 secret πŸŽ‚" assert m.string_view16_return() == "utf16 secret πŸŽ‚" assert m.string_view32_return() == "utf32 secret πŸŽ‚" if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): assert m.string_view8_return() == "utf8 secret πŸŽ‚" with capture: m.string_view_print("Hi") m.string_view_print("utf8 πŸŽ‚") m.string_view16_print("utf16 πŸŽ‚") m.string_view32_print("utf32 πŸŽ‚") assert ( capture == """ Hi 2 utf8 πŸŽ‚ 9 utf16 πŸŽ‚ 8 utf32 πŸŽ‚ 7 """ ) if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): with capture: m.string_view8_print("Hi") m.string_view8_print("utf8 πŸŽ‚") assert ( capture == """ Hi 2 utf8 πŸŽ‚ 9 """ ) with capture: m.string_view_print("Hi, ascii") m.string_view_print("Hi, utf8 πŸŽ‚") m.string_view16_print("Hi, utf16 πŸŽ‚") m.string_view32_print("Hi, utf32 πŸŽ‚") assert ( capture == """ Hi, ascii 9 Hi, utf8 πŸŽ‚ 13 Hi, utf16 πŸŽ‚ 12 Hi, utf32 πŸŽ‚ 11 """ ) if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): with capture: m.string_view8_print("Hi, ascii") m.string_view8_print("Hi, utf8 πŸŽ‚") assert ( capture == """ Hi, ascii 9 Hi, utf8 πŸŽ‚ 13 """ ) assert m.string_view_bytes() == b"abc \x80\x80 def" assert m.string_view_str() == "abc β€½ def" assert m.string_view_from_bytes("abc β€½ def".encode()) == "abc β€½ def" if hasattr(m, "has_u8string"): assert m.string_view8_str() == "abc β€½ def" assert m.string_view_memoryview() == "Have some πŸŽ‚".encode() assert m.bytes_from_type_with_both_operator_string_and_string_view() == b"success" assert m.str_from_type_with_both_operator_string_and_string_view() == "success" def test_integer_casting(): """Issue #929 - out-of-range integer values shouldn't be accepted""" assert m.i32_str(-1) == "-1" assert m.i64_str(-1) == "-1" assert m.i32_str(2000000000) == "2000000000" assert m.u32_str(2000000000) == "2000000000" assert m.i64_str(-999999999999) == "-999999999999" assert m.u64_str(999999999999) == "999999999999" with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.u32_str(-1) assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value) with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.u64_str(-1) assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value) with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.i32_str(-3000000000) assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value) with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.i32_str(3000000000) assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value) def test_int_convert(): class Int: def __int__(self): return 42 class NotInt: pass class Float: def __float__(self): return 41.99999 class Index: def __index__(self): return 42 class IntAndIndex: def __int__(self): return 42 def __index__(self): return 0 class RaisingTypeErrorOnIndex: def __index__(self): raise TypeError def __int__(self): return 42 class RaisingValueErrorOnIndex: def __index__(self): raise ValueError def __int__(self): return 42 convert, noconvert = m.int_passthrough, m.int_passthrough_noconvert def requires_conversion(v): pytest.raises(TypeError, noconvert, v) def cant_convert(v): pytest.raises(TypeError, convert, v) assert convert(7) == 7 assert noconvert(7) == 7 cant_convert(3.14159) # TODO: Avoid DeprecationWarning in `PyLong_AsLong` (and similar) # TODO: PyPy 3.8 does not behave like CPython 3.8 here yet (7.3.7) if sys.version_info < (3, 10) and env.CPYTHON: with env.deprecated_call(): assert convert(Int()) == 42 else: assert convert(Int()) == 42 requires_conversion(Int()) cant_convert(NotInt()) cant_convert(Float()) # Before Python 3.8, `PyLong_AsLong` does not pick up on `obj.__index__`, # but pybind11 "backports" this behavior. assert convert(Index()) == 42 assert noconvert(Index()) == 42 assert convert(IntAndIndex()) == 0 # Fishy; `int(DoubleThought)` == 42 assert noconvert(IntAndIndex()) == 0 assert convert(RaisingTypeErrorOnIndex()) == 42 requires_conversion(RaisingTypeErrorOnIndex()) assert convert(RaisingValueErrorOnIndex()) == 42 requires_conversion(RaisingValueErrorOnIndex()) def test_numpy_int_convert(): np = pytest.importorskip("numpy") convert, noconvert = m.int_passthrough, m.int_passthrough_noconvert def require_implicit(v): pytest.raises(TypeError, noconvert, v) # `np.intc` is an alias that corresponds to a C++ `int` assert convert(np.intc(42)) == 42 assert noconvert(np.intc(42)) == 42 # The implicit conversion from np.float32 is undesirable but currently accepted. # TODO: Avoid DeprecationWarning in `PyLong_AsLong` (and similar) # TODO: PyPy 3.8 does not behave like CPython 3.8 here yet (7.3.7) # https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/3408 if (3, 8) <= sys.version_info < (3, 10) and env.CPYTHON: with env.deprecated_call(): assert convert(np.float32(3.14159)) == 3 else: assert convert(np.float32(3.14159)) == 3 require_implicit(np.float32(3.14159)) def test_tuple(doc): """std::pair <-> tuple & std::tuple <-> tuple""" assert m.pair_passthrough((True, "test")) == ("test", True) assert m.tuple_passthrough((True, "test", 5)) == (5, "test", True) # Any sequence can be cast to a std::pair or std::tuple assert m.pair_passthrough([True, "test"]) == ("test", True) assert m.tuple_passthrough([True, "test", 5]) == (5, "test", True) assert m.empty_tuple() == () assert ( doc(m.pair_passthrough) == """ pair_passthrough(arg0: tuple[bool, str]) -> tuple[str, bool] Return a pair in reversed order """ ) assert ( doc(m.tuple_passthrough) == """ tuple_passthrough(arg0: tuple[bool, str, int]) -> tuple[int, str, bool] Return a triple in reversed order """ ) assert doc(m.empty_tuple) == """empty_tuple() -> tuple[()]""" assert m.rvalue_pair() == ("rvalue", "rvalue") assert m.lvalue_pair() == ("lvalue", "lvalue") assert m.rvalue_tuple() == ("rvalue", "rvalue", "rvalue") assert m.lvalue_tuple() == ("lvalue", "lvalue", "lvalue") assert m.rvalue_nested() == ("rvalue", ("rvalue", ("rvalue", "rvalue"))) assert m.lvalue_nested() == ("lvalue", ("lvalue", ("lvalue", "lvalue"))) assert m.int_string_pair() == (2, "items") def test_builtins_cast_return_none(): """Casters produced with PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER() should convert nullptr to None""" assert m.return_none_string() is None assert m.return_none_char() is None assert m.return_none_bool() is None assert m.return_none_int() is None assert m.return_none_float() is None assert m.return_none_pair() is None def test_none_deferred(): """None passed as various argument types should defer to other overloads""" assert not m.defer_none_cstring("abc") assert m.defer_none_cstring(None) assert not m.defer_none_custom(UserType()) assert m.defer_none_custom(None) assert m.nodefer_none_void(None) def test_void_caster(): assert m.load_nullptr_t(None) is None assert m.cast_nullptr_t() is None def test_reference_wrapper(): """std::reference_wrapper for builtin and user types""" assert m.refwrap_builtin(42) == 420 assert m.refwrap_usertype(UserType(42)) == 42 assert m.refwrap_usertype_const(UserType(42)) == 42 with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.refwrap_builtin(None) assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value) with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.refwrap_usertype(None) assert "incompatible function arguments" in str(excinfo.value) assert m.refwrap_lvalue().value == 1 assert m.refwrap_lvalue_const().value == 1 a1 = m.refwrap_list(copy=True) a2 = m.refwrap_list(copy=True) assert [x.value for x in a1] == [2, 3] assert [x.value for x in a2] == [2, 3] assert a1[0] is not a2[0] assert a1[1] is not a2[1] b1 = m.refwrap_list(copy=False) b2 = m.refwrap_list(copy=False) assert [x.value for x in b1] == [1, 2] assert [x.value for x in b2] == [1, 2] assert b1[0] is b2[0] assert b1[1] is b2[1] assert m.refwrap_iiw(IncType(5)) == 5 assert m.refwrap_call_iiw(IncType(10), m.refwrap_iiw) == [10, 10, 10, 10] def test_complex_cast(): """std::complex casts""" assert m.complex_cast(1) == "1.0" assert m.complex_cast(2j) == "(0.0, 2.0)" def test_bool_caster(): """Test bool caster implicit conversions.""" convert, noconvert = m.bool_passthrough, m.bool_passthrough_noconvert def require_implicit(v): pytest.raises(TypeError, noconvert, v) def cant_convert(v): pytest.raises(TypeError, convert, v) # straight up bool assert convert(True) is True assert convert(False) is False assert noconvert(True) is True assert noconvert(False) is False # None requires implicit conversion require_implicit(None) assert convert(None) is False class A: def __init__(self, x): self.x = x def __nonzero__(self): return self.x def __bool__(self): return self.x class B: pass # Arbitrary objects are not accepted cant_convert(object()) cant_convert(B()) # Objects with __nonzero__ / __bool__ defined can be converted require_implicit(A(True)) assert convert(A(True)) is True assert convert(A(False)) is False def test_numpy_bool(): np = pytest.importorskip("numpy") convert, noconvert = m.bool_passthrough, m.bool_passthrough_noconvert def cant_convert(v): pytest.raises(TypeError, convert, v) # np.bool_ is not considered implicit assert convert(np.bool_(True)) is True assert convert(np.bool_(False)) is False assert noconvert(np.bool_(True)) is True assert noconvert(np.bool_(False)) is False cant_convert(np.zeros(2, dtype="int")) def test_int_long(): assert isinstance(m.int_cast(), int) assert isinstance(m.long_cast(), int) assert isinstance(m.longlong_cast(), int) def test_void_caster_2(): assert m.test_void_caster() def test_const_ref_caster(): """Verifies that const-ref is propagated through type_caster cast_op. The returned ConstRefCasted type is a minimal type that is constructed to reference the casting mode used. """ x = False assert m.takes(x) == 1 assert m.takes_move(x) == 1 assert m.takes_ptr(x) == 3 assert m.takes_ref(x) == 2 assert m.takes_ref_wrap(x) == 2 assert m.takes_const_ptr(x) == 5 assert m.takes_const_ref(x) == 4 assert m.takes_const_ref_wrap(x) == 4