import pytest import env # noqa: F401 from pybind11_tests import numpy_array as m np = pytest.importorskip("numpy") def test_dtypes(): # See issue #1328. # - Platform-dependent sizes. for size_check in m.get_platform_dtype_size_checks(): print(size_check) assert size_check.size_cpp == size_check.size_numpy, size_check # - Concrete sizes. for check in m.get_concrete_dtype_checks(): print(check) assert check.numpy == check.pybind11, check if check.numpy.num != check.pybind11.num: print( f"NOTE: typenum mismatch for {check}: {check.numpy.num} != {check.pybind11.num}" ) @pytest.fixture() def arr(): return np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], "=u2") def test_array_attributes(): a = np.array(0, "f8") assert m.ndim(a) == 0 assert all(m.shape(a) == []) assert all(m.strides(a) == []) with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: m.shape(a, 0) assert str(excinfo.value) == "invalid axis: 0 (ndim = 0)" with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: m.strides(a, 0) assert str(excinfo.value) == "invalid axis: 0 (ndim = 0)" assert m.writeable(a) assert m.size(a) == 1 assert m.itemsize(a) == 8 assert m.nbytes(a) == 8 assert m.owndata(a) a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], "u2").view() a.flags.writeable = False assert m.ndim(a) == 2 assert all(m.shape(a) == [2, 3]) assert m.shape(a, 0) == 2 assert m.shape(a, 1) == 3 assert all(m.strides(a) == [6, 2]) assert m.strides(a, 0) == 6 assert m.strides(a, 1) == 2 with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: m.shape(a, 2) assert str(excinfo.value) == "invalid axis: 2 (ndim = 2)" with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: m.strides(a, 2) assert str(excinfo.value) == "invalid axis: 2 (ndim = 2)" assert not m.writeable(a) assert m.size(a) == 6 assert m.itemsize(a) == 2 assert m.nbytes(a) == 12 assert not m.owndata(a) @pytest.mark.parametrize( ("args", "ret"), [([], 0), ([0], 0), ([1], 3), ([0, 1], 1), ([1, 2], 5)] ) def test_index_offset(arr, args, ret): assert m.index_at(arr, *args) == ret assert m.index_at_t(arr, *args) == ret assert m.offset_at(arr, *args) == ret * arr.dtype.itemsize assert m.offset_at_t(arr, *args) == ret * arr.dtype.itemsize def test_dim_check_fail(arr): for func in ( m.index_at, m.index_at_t, m.offset_at, m.offset_at_t, m.data, m.data_t, m.mutate_data, m.mutate_data_t, ): with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: func(arr, 1, 2, 3) assert str(excinfo.value) == "too many indices for an array: 3 (ndim = 2)" @pytest.mark.parametrize( ("args", "ret"), [ ([], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), ([1], [4, 5, 6]), ([0, 1], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), ([1, 2], [6]), ], ) def test_data(arr, args, ret): from sys import byteorder assert all(m.data_t(arr, *args) == ret) assert all(m.data(arr, *args)[(0 if byteorder == "little" else 1) :: 2] == ret) assert all(m.data(arr, *args)[(1 if byteorder == "little" else 0) :: 2] == 0) @pytest.mark.parametrize("dim", [0, 1, 3]) def test_at_fail(arr, dim): for func in m.at_t, m.mutate_at_t: with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: func(arr, *([0] * dim)) assert str(excinfo.value) == f"index dimension mismatch: {dim} (ndim = 2)" def test_at(arr): assert m.at_t(arr, 0, 2) == 3 assert m.at_t(arr, 1, 0) == 4 assert all(m.mutate_at_t(arr, 0, 2).ravel() == [1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6]) assert all(m.mutate_at_t(arr, 1, 0).ravel() == [1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6]) def test_subscript_via_call_operator(arr): assert m.const_subscript_via_call_operator_t(arr, 0, 2) == 3 assert m.const_subscript_via_call_operator_t(arr, 1, 0) == 4 assert all(m.subscript_via_call_operator_t(arr, 0, 2).ravel() == [1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6]) assert all(m.subscript_via_call_operator_t(arr, 1, 0).ravel() == [1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6]) def test_mutate_readonly(arr): arr.flags.writeable = False for func, args in ( (m.mutate_data, ()), (m.mutate_data_t, ()), (m.mutate_at_t, (0, 0)), ): with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: func(arr, *args) assert str(excinfo.value) == "array is not writeable" def test_mutate_data(arr): assert all(m.mutate_data(arr).ravel() == [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12]) assert all(m.mutate_data(arr).ravel() == [4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24]) assert all(m.mutate_data(arr, 1).ravel() == [4, 8, 12, 32, 40, 48]) assert all(m.mutate_data(arr, 0, 1).ravel() == [4, 16, 24, 64, 80, 96]) assert all(m.mutate_data(arr, 1, 2).ravel() == [4, 16, 24, 64, 80, 192]) assert all(m.mutate_data_t(arr).ravel() == [5, 17, 25, 65, 81, 193]) assert all(m.mutate_data_t(arr).ravel() == [6, 18, 26, 66, 82, 194]) assert all(m.mutate_data_t(arr, 1).ravel() == [6, 18, 26, 67, 83, 195]) assert all(m.mutate_data_t(arr, 0, 1).ravel() == [6, 19, 27, 68, 84, 196]) assert all(m.mutate_data_t(arr, 1, 2).ravel() == [6, 19, 27, 68, 84, 197]) def test_bounds_check(arr): for func in ( m.index_at, m.index_at_t, m.data, m.data_t, m.mutate_data, m.mutate_data_t, m.at_t, m.mutate_at_t, ): with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: func(arr, 2, 0) assert str(excinfo.value) == "index 2 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 2" with pytest.raises(IndexError) as excinfo: func(arr, 0, 4) assert str(excinfo.value) == "index 4 is out of bounds for axis 1 with size 3" def test_make_c_f_array(): assert m.make_c_array().flags.c_contiguous assert not m.make_c_array().flags.f_contiguous assert m.make_f_array().flags.f_contiguous assert not m.make_f_array().flags.c_contiguous def test_make_empty_shaped_array(): m.make_empty_shaped_array() # empty shape means numpy scalar, PEP 3118 assert m.scalar_int().ndim == 0 assert m.scalar_int().shape == () assert m.scalar_int() == 42 def test_wrap(): def assert_references(a, b, base=None): if base is None: base = a assert a is not b assert a.__array_interface__["data"][0] == b.__array_interface__["data"][0] assert a.shape == b.shape assert a.strides == b.strides assert a.flags.c_contiguous == b.flags.c_contiguous assert a.flags.f_contiguous == b.flags.f_contiguous assert a.flags.writeable == b.flags.writeable assert a.flags.aligned == b.flags.aligned # 1.13 supported Python 3.6 if tuple(int(x) for x in np.__version__.split(".")[:2]) >= (1, 14): assert a.flags.writebackifcopy == b.flags.writebackifcopy else: assert a.flags.updateifcopy == b.flags.updateifcopy assert np.all(a == b) assert not b.flags.owndata assert b.base is base if a.flags.writeable and a.ndim == 2: a[0, 0] = 1234 assert b[0, 0] == 1234 a1 = np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int16) assert a1.flags.owndata assert a1.base is None a2 = m.wrap(a1) assert_references(a1, a2) a1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=np.float32, order="F") assert a1.flags.owndata assert a1.base is None a2 = m.wrap(a1) assert_references(a1, a2) a1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=np.float32, order="C") a1.flags.writeable = False a2 = m.wrap(a1) assert_references(a1, a2) a1 = np.random.random((4, 4, 4)) a2 = m.wrap(a1) assert_references(a1, a2) a1t = a1.transpose() a2 = m.wrap(a1t) assert_references(a1t, a2, a1) a1d = a1.diagonal() a2 = m.wrap(a1d) assert_references(a1d, a2, a1) a1m = a1[::-1, ::-1, ::-1] a2 = m.wrap(a1m) assert_references(a1m, a2, a1) def test_numpy_view(capture): with capture: ac = m.ArrayClass() ac_view_1 = ac.numpy_view() ac_view_2 = ac.numpy_view() assert np.all(ac_view_1 == np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int32)) del ac pytest.gc_collect() assert ( capture == """ ArrayClass() ArrayClass::numpy_view() ArrayClass::numpy_view() """ ) ac_view_1[0] = 4 ac_view_1[1] = 3 assert ac_view_2[0] == 4 assert ac_view_2[1] == 3 with capture: del ac_view_1 del ac_view_2 pytest.gc_collect() pytest.gc_collect() assert ( capture == """ ~ArrayClass() """ ) def test_cast_numpy_int64_to_uint64(): m.function_taking_uint64(123) m.function_taking_uint64(np.uint64(123)) def test_isinstance(): assert m.isinstance_untyped(np.array([1, 2, 3]), "not an array") assert m.isinstance_typed(np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])) def test_constructors(): defaults = m.default_constructors() for a in defaults.values(): assert a.size == 0 assert defaults["array"].dtype == np.array([]).dtype assert defaults["array_t"].dtype == np.int32 assert defaults["array_t"].dtype == np.float64 results = m.converting_constructors([1, 2, 3]) for a in results.values(): np.testing.assert_array_equal(a, [1, 2, 3]) assert results["array"].dtype == np.int_ assert results["array_t"].dtype == np.int32 assert results["array_t"].dtype == np.float64 def test_overload_resolution(msg): # Exact overload matches: assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="float64")) == "double" assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="float32")) == "float" assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="ushort")) == "unsigned short" assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="intc")) == "int" assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="longlong")) == "long long" assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="complex")) == "double complex" assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="csingle")) == "float complex" # No exact match, should call first convertible version: assert m.overloaded(np.array([1], dtype="uint8")) == "double" with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.overloaded("not an array") assert ( msg(excinfo.value) == """ overloaded(): incompatible function arguments. The following argument types are supported: 1. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64]) -> str 2. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.float32]) -> str 3. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.int32]) -> str 4. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.uint16]) -> str 5. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.int64]) -> str 6. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.complex128]) -> str 7. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.complex64]) -> str Invoked with: 'not an array' """ ) assert m.overloaded2(np.array([1], dtype="float64")) == "double" assert m.overloaded2(np.array([1], dtype="float32")) == "float" assert m.overloaded2(np.array([1], dtype="complex64")) == "float complex" assert m.overloaded2(np.array([1], dtype="complex128")) == "double complex" assert m.overloaded2(np.array([1], dtype="float32")) == "float" assert m.overloaded3(np.array([1], dtype="float64")) == "double" assert m.overloaded3(np.array([1], dtype="intc")) == "int" expected_exc = """ overloaded3(): incompatible function arguments. The following argument types are supported: 1. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.int32]) -> str 2. (arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64]) -> str Invoked with: """ with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.overloaded3(np.array([1], dtype="uintc")) assert msg(excinfo.value) == expected_exc + repr(np.array([1], dtype="uint32")) with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.overloaded3(np.array([1], dtype="float32")) assert msg(excinfo.value) == expected_exc + repr(np.array([1.0], dtype="float32")) with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo: m.overloaded3(np.array([1], dtype="complex")) assert msg(excinfo.value) == expected_exc + repr(np.array([1.0 + 0.0j])) # Exact matches: assert m.overloaded4(np.array([1], dtype="double")) == "double" assert m.overloaded4(np.array([1], dtype="longlong")) == "long long" # Non-exact matches requiring conversion. Since float to integer isn't a # save conversion, it should go to the double overload, but short can go to # either (and so should end up on the first-registered, the long long). assert m.overloaded4(np.array([1], dtype="float32")) == "double" assert m.overloaded4(np.array([1], dtype="short")) == "long long" assert m.overloaded5(np.array([1], dtype="double")) == "double" assert m.overloaded5(np.array([1], dtype="uintc")) == "unsigned int" assert m.overloaded5(np.array([1], dtype="float32")) == "unsigned int" def test_greedy_string_overload(): """Tests fix for #685 - ndarray shouldn't go to std::string overload""" assert m.issue685("abc") == "string" assert m.issue685(np.array([97, 98, 99], dtype="b")) == "array" assert m.issue685(123) == "other" def test_array_unchecked_fixed_dims(msg): z1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype="float64") m.proxy_add2(z1, 10) assert np.all(z1 == [[11, 12], [13, 14]]) with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: m.proxy_add2(np.array([1.0, 2, 3]), 5.0) assert ( msg(excinfo.value) == "array has incorrect number of dimensions: 1; expected 2" ) expect_c = np.ndarray(shape=(3, 3, 3), buffer=np.array(range(3, 30)), dtype="int") assert np.all(m.proxy_init3(3.0) == expect_c) expect_f = np.transpose(expect_c) assert np.all(m.proxy_init3F(3.0) == expect_f) assert m.proxy_squared_L2_norm(np.array(range(6))) == 55 assert m.proxy_squared_L2_norm(np.array(range(6), dtype="float64")) == 55 assert m.proxy_auxiliaries2(z1) == [11, 11, True, 2, 8, 2, 2, 4, 32] assert m.proxy_auxiliaries2(z1) == m.array_auxiliaries2(z1) assert m.proxy_auxiliaries1_const_ref(z1[0, :]) assert m.proxy_auxiliaries2_const_ref(z1) def test_array_unchecked_dyn_dims(): z1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype="float64") m.proxy_add2_dyn(z1, 10) assert np.all(z1 == [[11, 12], [13, 14]]) expect_c = np.ndarray(shape=(3, 3, 3), buffer=np.array(range(3, 30)), dtype="int") assert np.all(m.proxy_init3_dyn(3.0) == expect_c) assert m.proxy_auxiliaries2_dyn(z1) == [11, 11, True, 2, 8, 2, 2, 4, 32] assert m.proxy_auxiliaries2_dyn(z1) == m.array_auxiliaries2(z1) def test_array_failure(): with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: m.array_fail_test() assert str(excinfo.value) == "cannot create a pybind11::array from a nullptr" with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: m.array_t_fail_test() assert str(excinfo.value) == "cannot create a pybind11::array_t from a nullptr" with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: m.array_fail_test_negative_size() assert str(excinfo.value) == "negative dimensions are not allowed" def test_initializer_list(): assert m.array_initializer_list1().shape == (1,) assert m.array_initializer_list2().shape == (1, 2) assert m.array_initializer_list3().shape == (1, 2, 3) assert m.array_initializer_list4().shape == (1, 2, 3, 4) def test_array_resize(): a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype="float64") m.array_reshape2(a) assert a.size == 9 assert np.all(a == [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]) # total size change should succced with refcheck off m.array_resize3(a, 4, False) assert a.size == 64 # ... and fail with refcheck on try: m.array_resize3(a, 3, True) except ValueError as e: assert str(e).startswith("cannot resize an array") # noqa: PT017 # transposed array doesn't own data b = a.transpose() try: m.array_resize3(b, 3, False) except ValueError as e: assert str(e).startswith( # noqa: PT017 "cannot resize this array: it does not own its data" ) # ... but reshape should be fine m.array_reshape2(b) assert b.shape == (8, 8) @pytest.mark.xfail("env.PYPY") def test_array_create_and_resize(): a = m.create_and_resize(2) assert a.size == 4 assert np.all(a == 42.0) def test_array_view(): a = np.ones(100 * 4).astype("uint8") a_float_view = m.array_view(a, "float32") assert a_float_view.shape == (100 * 1,) # 1 / 4 bytes = 8 / 32 a_int16_view = m.array_view(a, "int16") # 1 / 2 bytes = 16 / 32 assert a_int16_view.shape == (100 * 2,) def test_array_view_invalid(): a = np.ones(100 * 4).astype("uint8") with pytest.raises(TypeError): m.array_view(a, "deadly_dtype") def test_reshape_initializer_list(): a = np.arange(2 * 7 * 3) + 1 x = m.reshape_initializer_list(a, 2, 7, 3) assert x.shape == (2, 7, 3) assert list(x[1][4]) == [34, 35, 36] with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: m.reshape_initializer_list(a, 1, 7, 3) assert str(excinfo.value) == "cannot reshape array of size 42 into shape (1,7,3)" def test_reshape_tuple(): a = np.arange(3 * 7 * 2) + 1 x = m.reshape_tuple(a, (3, 7, 2)) assert x.shape == (3, 7, 2) assert list(x[1][4]) == [23, 24] y = m.reshape_tuple(x, (x.size,)) assert y.shape == (42,) with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: m.reshape_tuple(a, (3, 7, 1)) assert str(excinfo.value) == "cannot reshape array of size 42 into shape (3,7,1)" with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo: m.reshape_tuple(a, ()) assert str(excinfo.value) == "cannot reshape array of size 42 into shape ()" def test_index_using_ellipsis(): a = m.index_using_ellipsis(np.zeros((5, 6, 7))) assert a.shape == (6,) @pytest.mark.parametrize( "test_func", [ m.test_fmt_desc_float, m.test_fmt_desc_double, m.test_fmt_desc_const_float, m.test_fmt_desc_const_double, ], ) def test_format_descriptors_for_floating_point_types(test_func): assert "numpy.ndarray[numpy.float" in test_func.__doc__ @pytest.mark.parametrize("forcecast", [False, True]) @pytest.mark.parametrize("contiguity", [None, "C", "F"]) @pytest.mark.parametrize("noconvert", [False, True]) @pytest.mark.filterwarnings( "ignore:Casting complex values to real discards the imaginary part:numpy.ComplexWarning" ) def test_argument_conversions(forcecast, contiguity, noconvert): function_name = "accept_double" if contiguity == "C": function_name += "_c_style" elif contiguity == "F": function_name += "_f_style" if forcecast: function_name += "_forcecast" if noconvert: function_name += "_noconvert" function = getattr(m, function_name) for dtype in [np.dtype("float32"), np.dtype("float64"), np.dtype("complex128")]: for order in ["C", "F"]: for shape in [(2, 2), (1, 3, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (0,)]: if not noconvert: # If noconvert is not passed, only complex128 needs to be truncated and # "cannot be safely obtained". So without `forcecast`, the argument shouldn't # be accepted. should_raise = dtype.name == "complex128" and not forcecast else: # If noconvert is passed, only float64 and the matching order is accepted. # If at most one dimension has a size greater than 1, the array is also # trivially contiguous. trivially_contiguous = sum(1 for d in shape if d > 1) <= 1 should_raise = dtype.name != "float64" or ( contiguity is not None and contiguity != order and not trivially_contiguous ) array = np.zeros(shape, dtype=dtype, order=order) if not should_raise: function(array) else: with pytest.raises( TypeError, match="incompatible function arguments" ): function(array) @pytest.mark.xfail("env.PYPY") def test_dtype_refcount_leak(): from sys import getrefcount dtype = np.dtype(np.float_) a = np.array([1], dtype=dtype) before = getrefcount(dtype) m.ndim(a) after = getrefcount(dtype) assert after == before def test_round_trip_float(): arr = np.zeros((), np.float64) arr[()] = 37.2 assert m.round_trip_float(arr) == 37.2 # HINT: An easy and robust way (although only manual unfortunately) to check for # ref-count leaks in the test_.*pyobject_ptr.* functions below is to # * temporarily insert `while True:` (one-by-one), # * run this test, and # * run the Linux `top` command in another shell to visually monitor # `RES` for a minute or two. # If there is a leak, it is usually evident in seconds because the `RES` # value increases without bounds. (Don't forget to Ctrl-C the test!) # For use as a temporary user-defined object, to maximize sensitivity of the tests below: # * Ref-count leaks will be immediately evident. # * Sanitizers are much more likely to detect heap-use-after-free due to # other ref-count bugs. class PyValueHolder: def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def WrapWithPyValueHolder(*values): return [PyValueHolder(v) for v in values] def UnwrapPyValueHolder(vhs): return [vh.value for vh in vhs] def test_pass_array_pyobject_ptr_return_sum_str_values_ndarray(): # Intentionally all temporaries, do not change. assert ( m.pass_array_pyobject_ptr_return_sum_str_values( np.array(WrapWithPyValueHolder(-3, "four", 5.0), dtype=object) ) == "-3four5.0" ) def test_pass_array_pyobject_ptr_return_sum_str_values_list(): # Intentionally all temporaries, do not change. assert ( m.pass_array_pyobject_ptr_return_sum_str_values( WrapWithPyValueHolder(2, "three", -4.0) ) == "2three-4.0" ) def test_pass_array_pyobject_ptr_return_as_list(): # Intentionally all temporaries, do not change. assert UnwrapPyValueHolder( m.pass_array_pyobject_ptr_return_as_list( np.array(WrapWithPyValueHolder(-1, "two", 3.0), dtype=object) ) ) == [-1, "two", 3.0] @pytest.mark.parametrize( ("return_array_pyobject_ptr", "unwrap"), [ (m.return_array_pyobject_ptr_cpp_loop, list), (m.return_array_pyobject_ptr_from_list, UnwrapPyValueHolder), ], ) def test_return_array_pyobject_ptr_cpp_loop(return_array_pyobject_ptr, unwrap): # Intentionally all temporaries, do not change. arr_from_list = return_array_pyobject_ptr(WrapWithPyValueHolder(6, "seven", -8.0)) assert isinstance(arr_from_list, np.ndarray) assert arr_from_list.dtype == np.dtype("O") assert unwrap(arr_from_list) == [6, "seven", -8.0]