.. _changelog: Changelog ######### Starting with version 1.8.0, pybind11 releases use a `semantic versioning `_ policy. v2.6.1 (TBA, not yet released) ------------------------------ * Details to follow here v2.6.0 (Oct 21, 2020) --------------------- See :ref:`upgrade-guide-2.6` for help upgrading to the new version. New features: * Keyword-only arguments supported in Python 2 or 3 with ``py::kw_only()``. `#2100 `_ * Positional-only arguments supported in Python 2 or 3 with ``py::pos_only()``. `#2459 `_ * ``py::is_final()`` class modifier to block subclassing (CPython only). `#2151 `_ * Added ``py::prepend()``, allowing a function to be placed at the beginning of the overload chain. `#1131 `_ * Access to the type object now provided with ``py::type::of()`` and ``py::type::of(h)``. `#2364 `_ * Perfect forwarding support for methods. `#2048 `_ * Added ``py::error_already_set::discard_as_unraisable()``. `#2372 `_ * ``py::hash`` is now public. `#2217 `_ * ``py::class_`` is now supported. Note that writing to one data member of the union and reading another (type punning) is UB in C++. Thus pybind11-bound enums should never be used for such conversions. `#2320 `_. * Classes now check local scope when registering members, allowing a subclass to have a member with the same name as a parent (such as an enum). `#2335 `_ Code correctness features: * Error now thrown when ``__init__`` is forgotten on subclasses. `#2152 `_ * Throw error if conversion to a pybind11 type if the Python object isn't a valid instance of that type, such as ``py::bytes(o)`` when ``py::object o`` isn't a bytes instance. `#2349 `_ * Throw if conversion to ``str`` fails. `#2477 `_ API changes: * ``py::module`` was renamed ``py::module_`` to avoid issues with C++20 when used unqualified, but an alias ``py::module`` is provided for backward compatibility. `#2489 `_ * Public constructors for ``py::module_`` have been deprecated; please use ``pybind11::module_::create_extension_module`` if you were using the public constructor (fairly rare after ``PYBIND11_MODULE`` was introduced). `#2552 `_ * ``PYBIND11_OVERLOAD*`` macros and ``get_overload`` function replaced by correctly-named ``PYBIND11_OVERRIDE*`` and ``get_override``, fixing inconsistencies in the presence of a closing ``;`` in these macros. ``get_type_overload`` is deprecated. `#2325 `_ Packaging / building improvements: * The Python package was reworked to be more powerful and useful. `#2433 `_ * :ref:`build-setuptools` is easier thanks to a new ``pybind11.setup_helpers`` module, which provides utilities to use setuptools with pybind11. It can be used via PEP 518, ``setup_requires``, or by directly importing or copying ``setup_helpers.py`` into your project. * CMake configuration files are now included in the Python package. Use ``pybind11.get_cmake_dir()`` or ``python -m pybind11 --cmakedir`` to get the directory with the CMake configuration files, or include the site-packages location in your ``CMAKE_MODULE_PATH``. Or you can use the new ``pybind11[global]`` extra when you install ``pybind11``, which installs the CMake files and headers into your base environment in the standard location. * ``pybind11-config`` is another way to write ``python -m pybind11`` if you have your PATH set up. * Added external typing support to the helper module, code from ``import pybind11`` can now be type checked. `#2588 `_ * Minimum CMake required increased to 3.4. `#2338 `_ and `#2370 `_ * Full integration with CMake’s C++ standard system and compile features replaces ``PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD``. * Generated config file is now portable to different Python/compiler/CMake versions. * Virtual environments prioritized if ``PYTHON_EXECUTABLE`` is not set (``venv``, ``virtualenv``, and ``conda``) (similar to the new FindPython mode). * Other CMake features now natively supported, like ``CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION``, ``set(CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden)``. * ``CUDA`` as a language is now supported. * Helper functions ``pybind11_strip``, ``pybind11_extension``, ``pybind11_find_import`` added, see :doc:`cmake/index`. * Optional :ref:`find-python-mode` and :ref:`nopython-mode` with CMake. `#2370 `_ * Uninstall target added. `#2265 `_ and `#2346 `_ * ``pybind11_add_module()`` now accepts an optional ``OPT_SIZE`` flag that switches the binding target to size-based optimization if the global build type can not always be fixed to ``MinSizeRel`` (except in debug mode, where optimizations remain disabled). ``MinSizeRel`` or this flag reduces binary size quite substantially (~25% on some platforms). `#2463 `_ Smaller or developer focused features and fixes: * Moved ``mkdoc.py`` to a new repo, `pybind11-mkdoc`_. There are no longer submodules in the main repo. * ``py::memoryview`` segfault fix and update, with new ``py::memoryview::from_memory`` in Python 3, and documentation. `#2223 `_ * Fix for ``buffer_info`` on Python 2. `#2503 `_ * If ``__eq__`` defined but not ``__hash__``, ``__hash__`` is now set to ``None``. `#2291 `_ * ``py::ellipsis`` now also works on Python 2. `#2360 `_ * Pointer to ``std::tuple`` & ``std::pair`` supported in cast. `#2334 `_ * Small fixes in NumPy support. ``py::array`` now uses ``py::ssize_t`` as first argument type. `#2293 `_ * Added missing signature for ``py::array``. `#2363 `_ * ``unchecked_mutable_reference`` has access to operator ``()`` and ``[]`` when const. `#2514 `_ * ``py::vectorize`` is now supported on functions that return void. `#1969 `_ * ``py::capsule`` supports ``get_pointer`` and ``set_pointer``. `#1131 `_ * Fix crash when different instances share the same pointer of the same type. `#2252 `_ * Fix for ``py::len`` not clearing Python's error state when it fails and throws. `#2575 `_ * Bugfixes related to more extensive testing, new GitHub Actions CI. `#2321 `_ * Bug in timezone issue in Eastern hemisphere midnight fixed. `#2438 `_ * ``std::chrono::time_point`` now works when the resolution is not the same as the system. `#2481 `_ * Bug fixed where ``py::array_t`` could accept arrays that did not match the requested ordering. `#2484 `_ * Avoid a segfault on some compilers when types are removed in Python. `#2564 `_ * ``py::arg::none()`` is now also respected when passing keyword arguments. `#2611 `_ * PyPy fixes, PyPy 7.3.x now supported, including PyPy3. (Known issue with PyPy2 and Windows `#2596 `_). `#2146 `_ * CPython 3.9.0 workaround for undefined behavior (macOS segfault). `#2576 `_ * CPython 3.9 warning fixes. `#2253 `_ * Improved C++20 support, now tested in CI. `#2489 `_ `#2599 `_ * Improved but still incomplete debug Python interpreter support. `#2025 `_ * NVCC (CUDA 11) now supported and tested in CI. `#2461 `_ * NVIDIA PGI compilers now supported and tested in CI. `#2475 `_ * At least Intel 18 now explicitly required when compiling with Intel. `#2577 `_ * Extensive style checking in CI, with `pre-commit`_ support. Code modernization, checked by clang-tidy. * Expanded docs, including new main page, new installing section, and CMake helpers page, along with over a dozen new sections on existing pages. * In GitHub, new docs for contributing and new issue templates. .. _pre-commit: https://pre-commit.com .. _pybind11-mkdoc: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11-mkdoc v2.5.0 (Mar 31, 2020) ----------------------------------------------------- * Use C++17 fold expressions in type casters, if available. This can improve performance during overload resolution when functions have multiple arguments. `#2043 `_. * Changed include directory resolution in ``pybind11/__init__.py`` and installation in ``setup.py``. This fixes a number of open issues where pybind11 headers could not be found in certain environments. `#1995 `_. * C++20 ``char8_t`` and ``u8string`` support. `#2026 `_. * CMake: search for Python 3.9. `bb9c91 `_. * Fixes for MSYS-based build environments. `#2087 `_, `#2053 `_. * STL bindings for ``std::vector<...>::clear``. `#2074 `_. * Read-only flag for ``py::buffer``. `#1466 `_. * Exception handling during module initialization. `bf2b031 `_. * Support linking against a CPython debug build. `#2025 `_. * Fixed issues involving the availability and use of aligned ``new`` and ``delete``. `#1988 `_, `759221 `_. * Fixed a resource leak upon interpreter shutdown. `#2020 `_. * Fixed error handling in the boolean caster. `#1976 `_. v2.4.3 (Oct 15, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Adapt pybind11 to a C API convention change in Python 3.8. `#1950 `_. v2.4.2 (Sep 21, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Replaced usage of a C++14 only construct. `#1929 `_. * Made an ifdef future-proof for Python >= 4. `f3109d `_. v2.4.1 (Sep 20, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Fixed a problem involving implicit conversion from enumerations to integers on Python 3.8. `#1780 `_. v2.4.0 (Sep 19, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Try harder to keep pybind11-internal data structures separate when there are potential ABI incompatibilities. Fixes crashes that occurred when loading multiple pybind11 extensions that were e.g. compiled by GCC (libstdc++) and Clang (libc++). `#1588 `_ and `c9f5a `_. * Added support for ``__await__``, ``__aiter__``, and ``__anext__`` protocols. `#1842 `_. * ``pybind11_add_module()``: don't strip symbols when compiling in ``RelWithDebInfo`` mode. `#1980 `_. * ``enum_``: Reproduce Python behavior when comparing against invalid values (e.g. ``None``, strings, etc.). Add back support for ``__invert__()``. `#1912 `_, `#1907 `_. * List insertion operation for ``py::list``. Added ``.empty()`` to all collection types. Added ``py::set::contains()`` and ``py::dict::contains()``. `#1887 `_, `#1884 `_, `#1888 `_. * ``py::details::overload_cast_impl`` is available in C++11 mode, can be used like ``overload_cast`` with an additional set of parantheses. `#1581 `_. * Fixed ``get_include()`` on Conda. `#1877 `_. * ``stl_bind.h``: negative indexing support. `#1882 `_. * Minor CMake fix to add MinGW compatibility. `#1851 `_. * GIL-related fixes. `#1836 `_, `8b90b `_. * Other very minor/subtle fixes and improvements. `#1329 `_, `#1910 `_, `#1863 `_, `#1847 `_, `#1890 `_, `#1860 `_, `#1848 `_, `#1821 `_, `#1837 `_, `#1833 `_, `#1748 `_, `#1852 `_. v2.3.0 (June 11, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Significantly reduced module binary size (10-20%) when compiled in C++11 mode with GCC/Clang, or in any mode with MSVC. Function signatures are now always precomputed at compile time (this was previously only available in C++14 mode for non-MSVC compilers). `#934 `_. * Add basic support for tag-based static polymorphism, where classes provide a method to returns the desired type of an instance. `#1326 `_. * Python type wrappers (``py::handle``, ``py::object``, etc.) now support map Python's number protocol onto C++ arithmetic operators such as ``operator+``, ``operator/=``, etc. `#1511 `_. * A number of improvements related to enumerations: 1. The ``enum_`` implementation was rewritten from scratch to reduce code bloat. Rather than instantiating a full implementation for each enumeration, most code is now contained in a generic base class. `#1511 `_. 2. The ``value()`` method of ``py::enum_`` now accepts an optional docstring that will be shown in the documentation of the associated enumeration. `#1160 `_. 3. check for already existing enum value and throw an error if present. `#1453 `_. * Support for over-aligned type allocation via C++17's aligned ``new`` statement. `#1582 `_. * Added ``py::ellipsis()`` method for slicing of multidimensional NumPy arrays `#1502 `_. * Numerous Improvements to the ``mkdoc.py`` script for extracting documentation from C++ header files. `#1788 `_. * ``pybind11_add_module()``: allow including Python as a ``SYSTEM`` include path. `#1416 `_. * ``pybind11/stl.h`` does not convert strings to ``vector`` anymore. `#1258 `_. * Mark static methods as such to fix auto-generated Sphinx documentation. `#1732 `_. * Re-throw forced unwind exceptions (e.g. during pthread termination). `#1208 `_. * Added ``__contains__`` method to the bindings of maps (``std::map``, ``std::unordered_map``). `#1767 `_. * Improvements to ``gil_scoped_acquire``. `#1211 `_. * Type caster support for ``std::deque``. `#1609 `_. * Support for ``std::unique_ptr`` holders, whose deleters differ between a base and derived class. `#1353 `_. * Construction of STL array/vector-like data structures from iterators. Added an ``extend()`` operation. `#1709 `_, * CMake build system improvements for projects that include non-C++ files (e.g. plain C, CUDA) in ``pybind11_add_module`` et al. `#1678 `_. * Fixed asynchronous invocation and deallocation of Python functions wrapped in ``std::function``. `#1595 `_. * Fixes regarding return value policy propagation in STL type casters. `#1603 `_. * Fixed scoped enum comparisons. `#1571 `_. * Fixed iostream redirection for code that releases the GIL. `#1368 `_, * A number of CI-related fixes. `#1757 `_, `#1744 `_, `#1670 `_. v2.2.4 (September 11, 2018) ----------------------------------------------------- * Use new Python 3.7 Thread Specific Storage (TSS) implementation if available. `#1454 `_, `#1517 `_. * Fixes for newer MSVC versions and C++17 mode. `#1347 `_, `#1462 `_. * Propagate return value policies to type-specific casters when casting STL containers. `#1455 `_. * Allow ostream-redirection of more than 1024 characters. `#1479 `_. * Set ``Py_DEBUG`` define when compiling against a debug Python build. `#1438 `_. * Untangle integer logic in number type caster to work for custom types that may only be castable to a restricted set of builtin types. `#1442 `_. * CMake build system: Remember Python version in cache file. `#1434 `_. * Fix for custom smart pointers: use ``std::addressof`` to obtain holder address instead of ``operator&``. `#1435 `_. * Properly report exceptions thrown during module initialization. `#1362 `_. * Fixed a segmentation fault when creating empty-shaped NumPy array. `#1371 `_. * The version of Intel C++ compiler must be >= 2017, and this is now checked by the header files. `#1363 `_. * A few minor typo fixes and improvements to the test suite, and patches that silence compiler warnings. * Vectors now support construction from generators, as well as ``extend()`` from a list or generator. `#1496 `_. v2.2.3 (April 29, 2018) ----------------------------------------------------- * The pybind11 header location detection was replaced by a new implementation that no longer depends on ``pip`` internals (the recently released ``pip`` 10 has restricted access to this API). `#1190 `_. * Small adjustment to an implementation detail to work around a compiler segmentation fault in Clang 3.3/3.4. `#1350 `_. * The minimal supported version of the Intel compiler was >= 17.0 since pybind11 v2.1. This check is now explicit, and a compile-time error is raised if the compiler meet the requirement. `#1363 `_. * Fixed an endianness-related fault in the test suite. `#1287 `_. v2.2.2 (February 7, 2018) ----------------------------------------------------- * Fixed a segfault when combining embedded interpreter shutdown/reinitialization with external loaded pybind11 modules. `#1092 `_. * Eigen support: fixed a bug where Nx1/1xN numpy inputs couldn't be passed as arguments to Eigen vectors (which for Eigen are simply compile-time fixed Nx1/1xN matrices). `#1106 `_. * Clarified to license by moving the licensing of contributions from ``LICENSE`` into ``CONTRIBUTING.md``: the licensing of contributions is not actually part of the software license as distributed. This isn't meant to be a substantial change in the licensing of the project, but addresses concerns that the clause made the license non-standard. `#1109 `_. * Fixed a regression introduced in 2.1 that broke binding functions with lvalue character literal arguments. `#1128 `_. * MSVC: fix for compilation failures under /permissive-, and added the flag to the appveyor test suite. `#1155 `_. * Fixed ``__qualname__`` generation, and in turn, fixes how class names (especially nested class names) are shown in generated docstrings. `#1171 `_. * Updated the FAQ with a suggested project citation reference. `#1189 `_. * Added fixes for deprecation warnings when compiled under C++17 with ``-Wdeprecated`` turned on, and add ``-Wdeprecated`` to the test suite compilation flags. `#1191 `_. * Fixed outdated PyPI URLs in ``setup.py``. `#1213 `_. * Fixed a refcount leak for arguments that end up in a ``py::args`` argument for functions with both fixed positional and ``py::args`` arguments. `#1216 `_. * Fixed a potential segfault resulting from possible premature destruction of ``py::args``/``py::kwargs`` arguments with overloaded functions. `#1223 `_. * Fixed ``del map[item]`` for a ``stl_bind.h`` bound stl map. `#1229 `_. * Fixed a regression from v2.1.x where the aggregate initialization could unintentionally end up at a constructor taking a templated ``std::initializer_list`` argument. `#1249 `_. * Fixed an issue where calling a function with a keep_alive policy on the same nurse/patient pair would cause the internal patient storage to needlessly grow (unboundedly, if the nurse is long-lived). `#1251 `_. * Various other minor fixes. v2.2.1 (September 14, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * Added ``py::module_::reload()`` member function for reloading a module. `#1040 `_. * Fixed a reference leak in the number converter. `#1078 `_. * Fixed compilation with Clang on host GCC < 5 (old libstdc++ which isn't fully C++11 compliant). `#1062 `_. * Fixed a regression where the automatic ``std::vector`` caster would fail to compile. The same fix also applies to any container which returns element proxies instead of references. `#1053 `_. * Fixed a regression where the ``py::keep_alive`` policy could not be applied to constructors. `#1065 `_. * Fixed a nullptr dereference when loading a ``py::module_local`` type that's only registered in an external module. `#1058 `_. * Fixed implicit conversion of accessors to types derived from ``py::object``. `#1076 `_. * The ``name`` in ``PYBIND11_MODULE(name, variable)`` can now be a macro. `#1082 `_. * Relaxed overly strict ``py::pickle()`` check for matching get and set types. `#1064 `_. * Conversion errors now try to be more informative when it's likely that a missing header is the cause (e.g. forgetting ````). `#1077 `_. v2.2.0 (August 31, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * Support for embedding the Python interpreter. See the :doc:`documentation page ` for a full overview of the new features. `#774 `_, `#889 `_, `#892 `_, `#920 `_. .. code-block:: cpp #include namespace py = pybind11; int main() { py::scoped_interpreter guard{}; // start the interpreter and keep it alive py::print("Hello, World!"); // use the Python API } * Support for inheriting from multiple C++ bases in Python. `#693 `_. .. code-block:: python from cpp_module import CppBase1, CppBase2 class PyDerived(CppBase1, CppBase2): def __init__(self): CppBase1.__init__(self) # C++ bases must be initialized explicitly CppBase2.__init__(self) * ``PYBIND11_MODULE`` is now the preferred way to create module entry points. ``PYBIND11_PLUGIN`` is deprecated. See :ref:`macros` for details. `#879 `_. .. code-block:: cpp // new PYBIND11_MODULE(example, m) { m.def("add", [](int a, int b) { return a + b; }); } // old PYBIND11_PLUGIN(example) { py::module m("example"); m.def("add", [](int a, int b) { return a + b; }); return m.ptr(); } * pybind11's headers and build system now more strictly enforce hidden symbol visibility for extension modules. This should be seamless for most users, but see the :doc:`upgrade` if you use a custom build system. `#995 `_. * Support for ``py::module_local`` types which allow multiple modules to export the same C++ types without conflicts. This is useful for opaque types like ``std::vector``. ``py::bind_vector`` and ``py::bind_map`` now default to ``py::module_local`` if their elements are builtins or local types. See :ref:`module_local` for details. `#949 `_, `#981 `_, `#995 `_, `#997 `_. * Custom constructors can now be added very easily using lambdas or factory functions which return a class instance by value, pointer or holder. This supersedes the old placement-new ``__init__`` technique. See :ref:`custom_constructors` for details. `#805 `_, `#1014 `_. .. code-block:: cpp struct Example { Example(std::string); }; py::class_(m, "Example") .def(py::init()) // existing constructor .def(py::init([](int n) { // custom constructor return std::make_unique(std::to_string(n)); })); * Similarly to custom constructors, pickling support functions are now bound using the ``py::pickle()`` adaptor which improves type safety. See the :doc:`upgrade` and :ref:`pickling` for details. `#1038 `_. * Builtin support for converting C++17 standard library types and general conversion improvements: 1. C++17 ``std::variant`` is supported right out of the box. C++11/14 equivalents (e.g. ``boost::variant``) can also be added with a simple user-defined specialization. See :ref:`cpp17_container_casters` for details. `#811 `_, `#845 `_, `#989 `_. 2. Out-of-the-box support for C++17 ``std::string_view``. `#906 `_. 3. Improved compatibility of the builtin ``optional`` converter. `#874 `_. 4. The ``bool`` converter now accepts ``numpy.bool_`` and types which define ``__bool__`` (Python 3.x) or ``__nonzero__`` (Python 2.7). `#925 `_. 5. C++-to-Python casters are now more efficient and move elements out of rvalue containers whenever possible. `#851 `_, `#936 `_, `#938 `_. 6. Fixed ``bytes`` to ``std::string/char*`` conversion on Python 3. `#817 `_. 7. Fixed lifetime of temporary C++ objects created in Python-to-C++ conversions. `#924 `_. * Scope guard call policy for RAII types, e.g. ``py::call_guard()``, ``py::call_guard()``. See :ref:`call_policies` for details. `#740 `_. * Utility for redirecting C++ streams to Python (e.g. ``std::cout`` -> ``sys.stdout``). Scope guard ``py::scoped_ostream_redirect`` in C++ and a context manager in Python. See :ref:`ostream_redirect`. `#1009 `_. * Improved handling of types and exceptions across module boundaries. `#915 `_, `#951 `_, `#995 `_. * Fixed destruction order of ``py::keep_alive`` nurse/patient objects in reference cycles. `#856 `_. * NumPy and buffer protocol related improvements: 1. Support for negative strides in Python buffer objects/numpy arrays. This required changing integers from unsigned to signed for the related C++ APIs. Note: If you have compiler warnings enabled, you may notice some new conversion warnings after upgrading. These can be resolved with ``static_cast``. `#782 `_. 2. Support ``std::complex`` and arrays inside ``PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE``. `#831 `_, `#832 `_. 3. Support for constructing ``py::buffer_info`` and ``py::arrays`` using arbitrary containers or iterators instead of requiring a ``std::vector``. `#788 `_, `#822 `_, `#860 `_. 4. Explicitly check numpy version and require >= 1.7.0. `#819 `_. * Support for allowing/prohibiting ``None`` for specific arguments and improved ``None`` overload resolution order. See :ref:`none_arguments` for details. `#843 `_. `#859 `_. * Added ``py::exec()`` as a shortcut for ``py::eval()`` and support for C++11 raw string literals as input. See :ref:`eval`. `#766 `_, `#827 `_. * ``py::vectorize()`` ignores non-vectorizable arguments and supports member functions. `#762 `_. * Support for bound methods as callbacks (``pybind11/functional.h``). `#815 `_. * Allow aliasing pybind11 methods: ``cls.attr("foo") = cls.attr("bar")``. `#802 `_. * Don't allow mixed static/non-static overloads. `#804 `_. * Fixed overriding static properties in derived classes. `#784 `_. * Added support for write only properties. `#1144 `_. * Improved deduction of member functions of a derived class when its bases aren't registered with pybind11. `#855 `_. .. code-block:: cpp struct Base { int foo() { return 42; } } struct Derived : Base {} // Now works, but previously required also binding `Base` py::class_(m, "Derived") .def("foo", &Derived::foo); // function is actually from `Base` * The implementation of ``py::init<>`` now uses C++11 brace initialization syntax to construct instances, which permits binding implicit constructors of aggregate types. `#1015 `_. .. code-block:: cpp struct Aggregate { int a; std::string b; }; py::class_(m, "Aggregate") .def(py::init()); * Fixed issues with multiple inheritance with offset base/derived pointers. `#812 `_, `#866 `_, `#960 `_. * Fixed reference leak of type objects. `#1030 `_. * Improved support for the ``/std:c++14`` and ``/std:c++latest`` modes on MSVC 2017. `#841 `_, `#999 `_. * Fixed detection of private operator new on MSVC. `#893 `_, `#918 `_. * Intel C++ compiler compatibility fixes. `#937 `_. * Fixed implicit conversion of `py::enum_` to integer types on Python 2.7. `#821 `_. * Added ``py::hash`` to fetch the hash value of Python objects, and ``.def(hash(py::self))`` to provide the C++ ``std::hash`` as the Python ``__hash__`` method. `#1034 `_. * Fixed ``__truediv__`` on Python 2 and ``__itruediv__`` on Python 3. `#867 `_. * ``py::capsule`` objects now support the ``name`` attribute. This is useful for interfacing with ``scipy.LowLevelCallable``. `#902 `_. * Fixed ``py::make_iterator``'s ``__next__()`` for past-the-end calls. `#897 `_. * Added ``error_already_set::matches()`` for checking Python exceptions. `#772 `_. * Deprecated ``py::error_already_set::clear()``. It's no longer needed following a simplification of the ``py::error_already_set`` class. `#954 `_. * Deprecated ``py::handle::operator==()`` in favor of ``py::handle::is()`` `#825 `_. * Deprecated ``py::object::borrowed``/``py::object::stolen``. Use ``py::object::borrowed_t{}``/``py::object::stolen_t{}`` instead. `#771 `_. * Changed internal data structure versioning to avoid conflicts between modules compiled with different revisions of pybind11. `#1012 `_. * Additional compile-time and run-time error checking and more informative messages. `#786 `_, `#794 `_, `#803 `_. * Various minor improvements and fixes. `#764 `_, `#791 `_, `#795 `_, `#840 `_, `#844 `_, `#846 `_, `#849 `_, `#858 `_, `#862 `_, `#871 `_, `#872 `_, `#881 `_, `#888 `_, `#899 `_, `#928 `_, `#931 `_, `#944 `_, `#950 `_, `#952 `_, `#962 `_, `#965 `_, `#970 `_, `#978 `_, `#979 `_, `#986 `_, `#1020 `_, `#1027 `_, `#1037 `_. * Testing improvements. `#798 `_, `#882 `_, `#898 `_, `#900 `_, `#921 `_, `#923 `_, `#963 `_. v2.1.1 (April 7, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * Fixed minimum version requirement for MSVC 2015u3 `#773 `_. v2.1.0 (March 22, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * pybind11 now performs function overload resolution in two phases. The first phase only considers exact type matches, while the second allows for implicit conversions to take place. A special ``noconvert()`` syntax can be used to completely disable implicit conversions for specific arguments. `#643 `_, `#634 `_, `#650 `_. * Fixed a regression where static properties no longer worked with classes using multiple inheritance. The ``py::metaclass`` attribute is no longer necessary (and deprecated as of this release) when binding classes with static properties. `#679 `_, * Classes bound using ``pybind11`` can now use custom metaclasses. `#679 `_, * ``py::args`` and ``py::kwargs`` can now be mixed with other positional arguments when binding functions using pybind11. `#611 `_. * Improved support for C++11 unicode string and character types; added extensive documentation regarding pybind11's string conversion behavior. `#624 `_, `#636 `_, `#715 `_. * pybind11 can now avoid expensive copies when converting Eigen arrays to NumPy arrays (and vice versa). `#610 `_. * The "fast path" in ``py::vectorize`` now works for any full-size group of C or F-contiguous arrays. The non-fast path is also faster since it no longer performs copies of the input arguments (except when type conversions are necessary). `#610 `_. * Added fast, unchecked access to NumPy arrays via a proxy object. `#746 `_. * Transparent support for class-specific ``operator new`` and ``operator delete`` implementations. `#755 `_. * Slimmer and more efficient STL-compatible iterator interface for sequence types. `#662 `_. * Improved custom holder type support. `#607 `_. * ``nullptr`` to ``None`` conversion fixed in various builtin type casters. `#732 `_. * ``enum_`` now exposes its members via a special ``__members__`` attribute. `#666 `_. * ``std::vector`` bindings created using ``stl_bind.h`` can now optionally implement the buffer protocol. `#488 `_. * Automated C++ reference documentation using doxygen and breathe. `#598 `_. * Added minimum compiler version assertions. `#727 `_. * Improved compatibility with C++1z. `#677 `_. * Improved ``py::capsule`` API. Can be used to implement cleanup callbacks that are involved at module destruction time. `#752 `_. * Various minor improvements and fixes. `#595 `_, `#588 `_, `#589 `_, `#603 `_, `#619 `_, `#648 `_, `#695 `_, `#720 `_, `#723 `_, `#729 `_, `#724 `_, `#742 `_, `#753 `_. v2.0.1 (Jan 4, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * Fix pointer to reference error in type_caster on MSVC `#583 `_. * Fixed a segmentation in the test suite due to a typo `cd7eac `_. v2.0.0 (Jan 1, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * Fixed a reference counting regression affecting types with custom metaclasses (introduced in v2.0.0-rc1). `#571 `_. * Quenched a CMake policy warning. `#570 `_. v2.0.0-rc1 (Dec 23, 2016) ----------------------------------------------------- The pybind11 developers are excited to issue a release candidate of pybind11 with a subsequent v2.0.0 release planned in early January next year. An incredible amount of effort by went into pybind11 over the last ~5 months, leading to a release that is jam-packed with exciting new features and numerous usability improvements. The following list links PRs or individual commits whenever applicable. Happy Christmas! * Support for binding C++ class hierarchies that make use of multiple inheritance. `#410 `_. * PyPy support: pybind11 now supports nightly builds of PyPy and will interoperate with the future 5.7 release. No code changes are necessary, everything "just" works as usual. Note that we only target the Python 2.7 branch for now; support for 3.x will be added once its ``cpyext`` extension support catches up. A few minor features remain unsupported for the time being (notably dynamic attributes in custom types). `#527 `_. * Significant work on the documentation -- in particular, the monolithic ``advanced.rst`` file was restructured into a easier to read hierarchical organization. `#448 `_. * Many NumPy-related improvements: 1. Object-oriented API to access and modify NumPy ``ndarray`` instances, replicating much of the corresponding NumPy C API functionality. `#402 `_. 2. NumPy array ``dtype`` array descriptors are now first-class citizens and are exposed via a new class ``py::dtype``. 3. Structured dtypes can be registered using the ``PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE()`` macro. Special ``array`` constructors accepting dtype objects were also added. One potential caveat involving this change: format descriptor strings should now be accessed via ``format_descriptor::format()`` (however, for compatibility purposes, the old syntax ``format_descriptor::value`` will still work for non-structured data types). `#308 `_. 4. Further improvements to support structured dtypes throughout the system. `#472 `_, `#474 `_, `#459 `_, `#453 `_, `#452 `_, and `#505 `_. 5. Fast access operators. `#497 `_. 6. Constructors for arrays whose storage is owned by another object. `#440 `_. 7. Added constructors for ``array`` and ``array_t`` explicitly accepting shape and strides; if strides are not provided, they are deduced assuming C-contiguity. Also added simplified constructors for 1-dimensional case. 8. Added buffer/NumPy support for ``char[N]`` and ``std::array`` types. 9. Added ``memoryview`` wrapper type which is constructible from ``buffer_info``. * Eigen: many additional conversions and support for non-contiguous arrays/slices. `#427 `_, `#315 `_, `#316 `_, `#312 `_, and `#267 `_ * Incompatible changes in ``class_<...>::class_()``: 1. Declarations of types that provide access via the buffer protocol must now include the ``py::buffer_protocol()`` annotation as an argument to the ``class_`` constructor. 2. Declarations of types that require a custom metaclass (i.e. all classes which include static properties via commands such as ``def_readwrite_static()``) must now include the ``py::metaclass()`` annotation as an argument to the ``class_`` constructor. These two changes were necessary to make type definitions in pybind11 future-proof, and to support PyPy via its cpyext mechanism. `#527 `_. 3. This version of pybind11 uses a redesigned mechanism for instantiating trampoline classes that are used to override virtual methods from within Python. This led to the following user-visible syntax change: instead of .. code-block:: cpp py::class_("MyClass") .alias() .... write .. code-block:: cpp py::class_("MyClass") .... Importantly, both the original and the trampoline class are now specified as an arguments (in arbitrary order) to the ``py::class_`` template, and the ``alias<..>()`` call is gone. The new scheme has zero overhead in cases when Python doesn't override any functions of the underlying C++ class. `rev. 86d825 `_. * Added ``eval`` and ``eval_file`` functions for evaluating expressions and statements from a string or file. `rev. 0d3fc3 `_. * pybind11 can now create types with a modifiable dictionary. `#437 `_ and `#444 `_. * Support for translation of arbitrary C++ exceptions to Python counterparts. `#296 `_ and `#273 `_. * Report full backtraces through mixed C++/Python code, better reporting for import errors, fixed GIL management in exception processing. `#537 `_, `#494 `_, `rev. e72d95 `_, and `rev. 099d6e `_. * Support for bit-level operations, comparisons, and serialization of C++ enumerations. `#503 `_, `#508 `_, `#380 `_, `#309 `_. `#311 `_. * The ``class_`` constructor now accepts its template arguments in any order. `#385 `_. * Attribute and item accessors now have a more complete interface which makes it possible to chain attributes as in ``obj.attr("a")[key].attr("b").attr("method")(1, 2, 3)``. `#425 `_. * Major redesign of the default and conversion constructors in ``pytypes.h``. `#464 `_. * Added built-in support for ``std::shared_ptr`` holder type. It is no longer necessary to to include a declaration of the form ``PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, std::shared_ptr)`` (though continuing to do so won't cause an error). `#454 `_. * New ``py::overload_cast`` casting operator to select among multiple possible overloads of a function. An example: .. code-block:: cpp py::class_(m, "Pet") .def("set", py::overload_cast(&Pet::set), "Set the pet's age") .def("set", py::overload_cast(&Pet::set), "Set the pet's name"); This feature only works on C++14-capable compilers. `#541 `_. * C++ types are automatically cast to Python types, e.g. when assigning them as an attribute. For instance, the following is now legal: .. code-block:: cpp py::module m = /* ... */ m.attr("constant") = 123; (Previously, a ``py::cast`` call was necessary to avoid a compilation error.) `#551 `_. * Redesigned ``pytest``-based test suite. `#321 `_. * Instance tracking to detect reference leaks in test suite. `#324 `_ * pybind11 can now distinguish between multiple different instances that are located at the same memory address, but which have different types. `#329 `_. * Improved logic in ``move`` return value policy. `#510 `_, `#297 `_. * Generalized unpacking API to permit calling Python functions from C++ using notation such as ``foo(a1, a2, *args, "ka"_a=1, "kb"_a=2, **kwargs)``. `#372 `_. * ``py::print()`` function whose behavior matches that of the native Python ``print()`` function. `#372 `_. * Added ``py::dict`` keyword constructor:``auto d = dict("number"_a=42, "name"_a="World");``. `#372 `_. * Added ``py::str::format()`` method and ``_s`` literal: ``py::str s = "1 + 2 = {}"_s.format(3);``. `#372 `_. * Added ``py::repr()`` function which is equivalent to Python's builtin ``repr()``. `#333 `_. * Improved construction and destruction logic for holder types. It is now possible to reference instances with smart pointer holder types without constructing the holder if desired. The ``PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE`` macro now accepts an optional second parameter to indicate whether the holder type uses intrusive reference counting. `#533 `_ and `#561 `_. * Mapping a stateless C++ function to Python and back is now "for free" (i.e. no extra indirections or argument conversion overheads). `rev. 954b79 `_. * Bindings for ``std::valarray``. `#545 `_. * Improved support for C++17 capable compilers. `#562 `_. * Bindings for ``std::optional``. `#475 `_, `#476 `_, `#479 `_, `#499 `_, and `#501