.. _changelog: Changelog ######### Starting with version 1.8.0, pybind11 releases use a `semantic versioning `_ policy. Changes will be added here periodically from the "Suggested changelog entry" block in pull request descriptions. IN DEVELOPMENT -------------- Removed support for Python 2.7, Python 3.5, and MSVC 2015. Support for MSVC 2017 is limited due to availability of CI runners; we highly recommend MSVC 2019 or 2022 be used. New features: * ``type_caster`` was added. ``std::monostate`` is a tag type that allows ``std::variant`` to act as an optional, or allows default construction of a ``std::variant`` holding a non-default constructible type. `#3818 `_ * Support bytearray casting to string. `#3707 `_ Changes: * Python 2 support was removed completely. `#3688 `_ * The minimum version for MSVC is now 2017. `#3722 `_ * Improve exception handling in python ``str`` bindings. `#3826 `_ * The bindings for capsules now have more consistent exception handling. `#3825 `_ * Fix exception handling when ``pybind11::weakref()`` fails. `#3739 `_ Bug fixes: * ``PYBIND11_OBJECT_CVT`` and ``PYBIND11_OBJECT_CVT_DEFAULT`` macro can be used to define classes in namespaces other than pybind11. `#3797 `_ Build system improvements: * Add MSVC builds in debug mode to CI. `#3784 `_ * MSVC 2022 C++20 coverage was added to GitHub Actions, including Eigen. `#3732 `_, `#3741 `_ * Avoid ``setup.py `` usage in internal tests. `#3734 `_ Backend and tidying up: * Remove idioms in code comments. Use inclusive language. `#3809 `_ Version 2.9.2 (Mar 29, 2022) ---------------------------- Changes: * Enum now has an ``__index__`` method on Python <3.8 too. `#3700 `_ * Local internals are now cleared after finalizing the interpreter. `#3744 `_ Bug fixes: * Better support for Python 3.11 alphas. `#3694 `_ * ``PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER`` now uses fully qualified symbols, so it can be used outside of ``pybind11::detail``. `#3758 `_ * Some fixes for PyPy 3.9. `#3768 `_ * Fixed a potential memleak in PyPy in ``get_type_override``. `#3774 `_ * Fix usage of ``VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN``. `#3721 `_ Build system improvements: * Uses ``sysconfig`` module to determine installation locations on Python >= 3.10, instead of ``distutils`` which has been deprecated. `#3764 `_ * Support Catch 2.13.5+ (supporting GLIBC 2.34+). `#3679 `_ * Fix test failures with numpy 1.22 by ignoring whitespace when comparing ``str()`` of dtypes. `#3682 `_ Backend and tidying up: * clang-tidy: added ``readability-qualified-auto``, ``readability-braces-around-statements``, ``cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer``, ``clang-analyzer-optin.performance.Padding``, ``cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast``, and ``readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name``. `#3702 `_, `#3699 `_, `#3716 `_, `#3709 `_ * clang-format was added to the pre-commit actions, and the entire code base automatically reformatted (after several iterations preparing for this leap). `#3713 `_ Version 2.9.1 (Feb 2, 2022) --------------------------- Changes: * If possible, attach Python exception with ``py::raise_from`` to ``TypeError`` when casting from C++ to Python. This will give additional info if Python exceptions occur in the caster. Adds a test case of trying to convert a set from C++ to Python when the hash function is not defined in Python. `#3605 `_ * Add a mapping of C++11 nested exceptions to their Python exception equivalent using ``py::raise_from``. This attaches the nested exceptions in Python using the ``__cause__`` field. `#3608 `_ * Propagate Python exception traceback using ``raise_from`` if a pybind11 function runs out of overloads. `#3671 `_ * ``py::multiple_inheritance`` is now only needed when C++ bases are hidden from pybind11. `#3650 `_ and `#3659 `_ Bug fixes: * Remove a boolean cast in ``numpy.h`` that causes MSVC C4800 warnings when compiling against Python 3.10 or newer. `#3669 `_ * Render ``py::bool_`` and ``py::float_`` as ``bool`` and ``float`` respectively. `#3622 `_ Build system improvements: * Fix CMake extension suffix computation on Python 3.10+. `#3663 `_ * Allow ``CMAKE_ARGS`` to override CMake args in pybind11's own ``setup.py``. `#3577 `_ * Remove a few deprecated c-headers. `#3610 `_ * More uniform handling of test targets. `#3590 `_ * Add clang-tidy readability check to catch potentially swapped function args. `#3611 `_ Version 2.9.0 (Dec 28, 2021) ---------------------------- This is the last version to support Python 2.7 and 3.5. New Features: * Allow ``py::args`` to be followed by other arguments; the remaining arguments are implicitly keyword-only, as if a ``py::kw_only{}`` annotation had been used. `#3402 `_ Changes: * Make str/bytes/memoryview more interoperable with ``std::string_view``. `#3521 `_ * Replace ``_`` with ``const_name`` in internals, avoid defining ``pybind::_`` if ``_`` defined as macro (common gettext usage) `#3423 `_ Bug fixes: * Fix a rare warning about extra copy in an Eigen constructor. `#3486 `_ * Fix caching of the C++ overrides. `#3465 `_ * Add missing ``std::forward`` calls to some ``cpp_function`` overloads. `#3443 `_ * Support PyPy 7.3.7 and the PyPy3.8 beta. Test python-3.11 on PRs with the ``python dev`` label. `#3419 `_ * Replace usage of deprecated ``Eigen::MappedSparseMatrix`` with ``Eigen::Map>`` for Eigen 3.3+. `#3499 `_ * Tweaks to support Microsoft Visual Studio 2022. `#3497 `_ Build system improvements: * Nicer CMake printout and IDE organisation for pybind11's own tests. `#3479 `_ * CMake: report version type as part of the version string to avoid a spurious space in the package status message. `#3472 `_ * Flags starting with ``-g`` in ``$CFLAGS`` and ``$CPPFLAGS`` are no longer overridden by ``.Pybind11Extension``. `#3436 `_ * Ensure ThreadPool is closed in ``setup_helpers``. `#3548 `_ * Avoid LTS on ``mips64`` and ``ppc64le`` (reported broken). `#3557 `_ v2.8.1 (Oct 27, 2021) --------------------- Changes and additions: * The simple namespace creation shortcut added in 2.8.0 was deprecated due to usage of CPython internal API, and will be removed soon. Use ``py::module_::import("types").attr("SimpleNamespace")``. `#3374 `_ * Add C++ Exception type to throw and catch ``AttributeError``. Useful for defining custom ``__setattr__`` and ``__getattr__`` methods. `#3387 `_ Fixes: * Fixed the potential for dangling references when using properties with ``std::optional`` types. `#3376 `_ * Modernize usage of ``PyCodeObject`` on Python 3.9+ (moving toward support for Python 3.11a1) `#3368 `_ * A long-standing bug in ``eigen.h`` was fixed (originally PR #3343). The bug was unmasked by newly added ``static_assert``'s in the Eigen 3.4.0 release. `#3352 `_ * Support multiple raw inclusion of CMake helper files (Conan.io does this for multi-config generators). `#3420 `_ * Fix harmless warning on upcoming CMake 3.22. `#3368 `_ * Fix 2.8.0 regression with MSVC 2017 + C++17 mode + Python 3. `#3407 `_ * Fix 2.8.0 regression that caused undefined behavior (typically segfaults) in ``make_key_iterator``/``make_value_iterator`` if dereferencing the iterator returned a temporary value instead of a reference. `#3348 `_ v2.8.0 (Oct 4, 2021) -------------------- New features: * Added ``py::raise_from`` to enable chaining exceptions. `#3215 `_ * Allow exception translators to be optionally registered local to a module instead of applying globally across all pybind11 modules. Use ``register_local_exception_translator(ExceptionTranslator&& translator)`` instead of ``register_exception_translator(ExceptionTranslator&& translator)`` to keep your exception remapping code local to the module. `#2650 `_ * Add ``make_simple_namespace`` function for instantiating Python ``SimpleNamespace`` objects. **Deprecated in 2.8.1.** `#2840 `_ * ``pybind11::scoped_interpreter`` and ``initialize_interpreter`` have new arguments to allow ``sys.argv`` initialization. `#2341 `_ * Allow Python builtins to be used as callbacks in CPython. `#1413 `_ * Added ``view`` to view arrays with a different datatype. `#987 `_ * Implemented ``reshape`` on arrays. `#984 `_ * Enable defining custom ``__new__`` methods on classes by fixing bug preventing overriding methods if they have non-pybind11 siblings. `#3265 `_ * Add ``make_value_iterator()``, and fix ``make_key_iterator()`` to return references instead of copies. `#3293 `_ * Improve the classes generated by ``bind_map``: `#3310 `_ * Change ``.items`` from an iterator to a dictionary view. * Add ``.keys`` and ``.values`` (both dictionary views). * Allow ``__contains__`` to take any object. * ``pybind11::custom_type_setup`` was added, for customizing the ``PyHeapTypeObject`` corresponding to a class, which may be useful for enabling garbage collection support, among other things. `#3287 `_ Changes: * Set ``__file__`` constant when running ``eval_file`` in an embedded interpreter. `#3233 `_ * Python objects and (C++17) ``std::optional`` now accepted in ``py::slice`` constructor. `#1101 `_ * The pybind11 proxy types ``str``, ``bytes``, ``bytearray``, ``tuple``, ``list`` now consistently support passing ``ssize_t`` values for sizes and indexes. Previously, only ``size_t`` was accepted in several interfaces. `#3219 `_ * Avoid evaluating ``PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE`` arguments more than once. `#3290 `_ Fixes: * Bug fix: enum value's ``__int__`` returning non-int when underlying type is bool or of char type. `#1334 `_ * Fixes bug in setting error state in Capsule's pointer methods. `#3261 `_ * A long-standing memory leak in ``py::cpp_function::initialize`` was fixed. `#3229 `_ * Fixes thread safety for some ``pybind11::type_caster`` which require lifetime extension, such as for ``std::string_view``. `#3237 `_ * Restore compatibility with gcc 4.8.4 as distributed by ubuntu-trusty, linuxmint-17. `#3270 `_ Build system improvements: * Fix regression in CMake Python package config: improper use of absolute path. `#3144 `_ * Cached Python version information could become stale when CMake was re-run with a different Python version. The build system now detects this and updates this information. `#3299 `_ * Specified UTF8-encoding in setup.py calls of open(). `#3137 `_ * Fix a harmless warning from CMake 3.21 with the classic Python discovery. `#3220 `_ * Eigen repo and version can now be specified as cmake options. `#3324 `_ Backend and tidying up: * Reduced thread-local storage required for keeping alive temporary data for type conversion to one key per ABI version, rather than one key per extension module. This makes the total thread-local storage required by pybind11 2 keys per ABI version. `#3275 `_ * Optimize NumPy array construction with additional moves. `#3183 `_ * Conversion to ``std::string`` and ``std::string_view`` now avoids making an extra copy of the data on Python >= 3.3. `#3257 `_ * Remove const modifier from certain C++ methods on Python collections (``list``, ``set``, ``dict``) such as (``clear()``, ``append()``, ``insert()``, etc...) and annotated them with ``py-non-const``. * Enable readability ``clang-tidy-const-return`` and remove useless consts. `#3254 `_ `#3194 `_ * The clang-tidy ``google-explicit-constructor`` option was enabled. `#3250 `_ * Mark a pytype move constructor as noexcept (perf). `#3236 `_ * Enable clang-tidy check to guard against inheritance slicing. `#3210 `_ * Legacy warning suppression pragma were removed from eigen.h. On Unix platforms, please use -isystem for Eigen include directories, to suppress compiler warnings originating from Eigen headers. Note that CMake does this by default. No adjustments are needed for Windows. `#3198 `_ * Format pybind11 with isort consistent ordering of imports `#3195 `_ * The warnings-suppression "pragma clamp" at the top/bottom of pybind11 was removed, clearing the path to refactoring and IWYU cleanup. `#3186 `_ * Enable most bugprone checks in clang-tidy and fix the found potential bugs and poor coding styles. `#3166 `_ * Add ``clang-tidy-readability`` rules to make boolean casts explicit improving code readability. Also enabled other misc and readability clang-tidy checks. `#3148 `_ * Move object in ``.pop()`` for list. `#3116 `_ v2.7.1 (Aug 3, 2021) --------------------- Minor missing functionality added: * Allow Python builtins to be used as callbacks in CPython. `#1413 `_ Bug fixes: * Fix regression in CMake Python package config: improper use of absolute path. `#3144 `_ * Fix Mingw64 and add to the CI testing matrix. `#3132 `_ * Specified UTF8-encoding in setup.py calls of open(). `#3137 `_ * Add clang-tidy-readability rules to make boolean casts explicit improving code readability. Also enabled other misc and readability clang-tidy checks. `#3148 `_ * Move object in ``.pop()`` for list. `#3116 `_ Backend and tidying up: * Removed and fixed warning suppressions. `#3127 `_ `#3129 `_ `#3135 `_ `#3141 `_ `#3142 `_ `#3150 `_ `#3152 `_ `#3160 `_ `#3161 `_ v2.7.0 (Jul 16, 2021) --------------------- New features: * Enable ``py::implicitly_convertible`` for ``py::class_``-wrapped types. `#3059 `_ * Allow function pointer extraction from overloaded functions. `#2944 `_ * NumPy: added ``.char_()`` to type which gives the NumPy public ``char`` result, which also distinguishes types by bit length (unlike ``.kind()``). `#2864 `_ * Add ``pybind11::bytearray`` to manipulate ``bytearray`` similar to ``bytes``. `#2799 `_ * ``pybind11/stl/filesystem.h`` registers a type caster that, on C++17/Python 3.6+, converts ``std::filesystem::path`` to ``pathlib.Path`` and any ``os.PathLike`` to ``std::filesystem::path``. `#2730 `_ * A ``PYBIND11_VERSION_HEX`` define was added, similar to ``PY_VERSION_HEX``. `#3120 `_ Changes: * ``py::str`` changed to exclusively hold ``PyUnicodeObject``. Previously ``py::str`` could also hold ``bytes``, which is probably surprising, was never documented, and can mask bugs (e.g. accidental use of ``py::str`` instead of ``py::bytes``). `#2409 `_ * Add a safety guard to ensure that the Python GIL is held when C++ calls back into Python via ``object_api<>::operator()`` (e.g. ``py::function`` ``__call__``). (This feature is available for Python 3.6+ only.) `#2919 `_ * Catch a missing ``self`` argument in calls to ``__init__()``. `#2914 `_ * Use ``std::string_view`` if available to avoid a copy when passing an object to a ``std::ostream``. `#3042 `_ * An important warning about thread safety was added to the ``iostream.h`` documentation; attempts to make ``py::scoped_ostream_redirect`` thread safe have been removed, as it was only partially effective. `#2995 `_ Fixes: * Performance: avoid unnecessary strlen calls. `#3058 `_ * Fix auto-generated documentation string when using ``const T`` in ``pyarray_t``. `#3020 `_ * Unify error messages thrown by ``simple_collector``/``unpacking_collector``. `#3013 `_ * ``pybind11::builtin_exception`` is now explicitly exported, which means the types included/defined in different modules are identical, and exceptions raised in different modules can be caught correctly. The documentation was updated to explain that custom exceptions that are used across module boundaries need to be explicitly exported as well. `#2999 `_ * Fixed exception when printing UTF-8 to a ``scoped_ostream_redirect``. `#2982 `_ * Pickle support enhancement: ``setstate`` implementation will attempt to ``setattr`` ``__dict__`` only if the unpickled ``dict`` object is not empty, to not force use of ``py::dynamic_attr()`` unnecessarily. `#2972 `_ * Allow negative timedelta values to roundtrip. `#2870 `_ * Fix unchecked errors could potentially swallow signals/other exceptions. `#2863 `_ * Add null pointer check with ``std::localtime``. `#2846 `_ * Fix the ``weakref`` constructor from ``py::object`` to create a new ``weakref`` on conversion. `#2832 `_ * Avoid relying on exceptions in C++17 when getting a ``shared_ptr`` holder from a ``shared_from_this`` class. `#2819 `_ * Allow the codec's exception to be raised instead of :code:`RuntimeError` when casting from :code:`py::str` to :code:`std::string`. `#2903 `_ Build system improvements: * In ``setup_helpers.py``, test for platforms that have some multiprocessing features but lack semaphores, which ``ParallelCompile`` requires. `#3043 `_ * Fix ``pybind11_INCLUDE_DIR`` in case ``CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR`` is absolute. `#3005 `_ * Fix bug not respecting ``WITH_SOABI`` or ``WITHOUT_SOABI`` to CMake. `#2938 `_ * Fix the default ``Pybind11Extension`` compilation flags with a Mingw64 python. `#2921 `_ * Clang on Windows: do not pass ``/MP`` (ignored flag). `#2824 `_ * ``pybind11.setup_helpers.intree_extensions`` can be used to generate ``Pybind11Extension`` instances from cpp files placed in the Python package source tree. `#2831 `_ Backend and tidying up: * Enable clang-tidy performance, readability, and modernization checks throughout the codebase to enforce best coding practices. `#3046 `_, `#3049 `_, `#3051 `_, `#3052 `_, `#3080 `_, and `#3094 `_ * Checks for common misspellings were added to the pre-commit hooks. `#3076 `_ * Changed ``Werror`` to stricter ``Werror-all`` for Intel compiler and fixed minor issues. `#2948 `_ * Fixed compilation with GCC < 5 when the user defines ``_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI``. `#2956 `_ * Added nox support for easier local testing and linting of contributions. `#3101 `_ and `#3121 `_ * Avoid RTD style issue with docutils 0.17+. `#3119 `_ * Support pipx run, such as ``pipx run pybind11 --include`` for a quick compile. `#3117 `_ v2.6.2 (Jan 26, 2021) --------------------- Minor missing functionality added: * enum: add missing Enum.value property. `#2739 `_ * Allow thread termination to be avoided during shutdown for CPython 3.7+ via ``.disarm`` for ``gil_scoped_acquire``/``gil_scoped_release``. `#2657 `_ Fixed or improved behavior in a few special cases: * Fix bug where the constructor of ``object`` subclasses would not throw on being passed a Python object of the wrong type. `#2701 `_ * The ``type_caster`` for integers does not convert Python objects with ``__int__`` anymore with ``noconvert`` or during the first round of trying overloads. `#2698 `_ * When casting to a C++ integer, ``__index__`` is always called and not considered as conversion, consistent with Python 3.8+. `#2801 `_ Build improvements: * Setup helpers: ``extra_compile_args`` and ``extra_link_args`` automatically set by Pybind11Extension are now prepended, which allows them to be overridden by user-set ``extra_compile_args`` and ``extra_link_args``. `#2808 `_ * Setup helpers: Don't trigger unused parameter warning. `#2735 `_ * CMake: Support running with ``--warn-uninitialized`` active. `#2806 `_ * CMake: Avoid error if included from two submodule directories. `#2804 `_ * CMake: Fix ``STATIC`` / ``SHARED`` being ignored in FindPython mode. `#2796 `_ * CMake: Respect the setting for ``CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET`` if defined. `#2793 `_ * CMake: Fix issue with FindPython2/FindPython3 not working with ``pybind11::embed``. `#2662 `_ * CMake: mixing local and installed pybind11's would prioritize the installed one over the local one (regression in 2.6.0). `#2716 `_ Bug fixes: * Fixed segfault in multithreaded environments when using ``scoped_ostream_redirect``. `#2675 `_ * Leave docstring unset when all docstring-related options are disabled, rather than set an empty string. `#2745 `_ * The module key in builtins that pybind11 uses to store its internals changed from std::string to a python str type (more natural on Python 2, no change on Python 3). `#2814 `_ * Fixed assertion error related to unhandled (later overwritten) exception in CPython 3.8 and 3.9 debug builds. `#2685 `_ * Fix ``py::gil_scoped_acquire`` assert with CPython 3.9 debug build. `#2683 `_ * Fix issue with a test failing on pytest 6.2. `#2741 `_ Warning fixes: * Fix warning modifying constructor parameter 'flag' that shadows a field of 'set_flag' ``[-Wshadow-field-in-constructor-modified]``. `#2780 `_ * Suppressed some deprecation warnings about old-style ``__init__``/``__setstate__`` in the tests. `#2759 `_ Valgrind work: * Fix invalid access when calling a pybind11 ``__init__`` on a non-pybind11 class instance. `#2755 `_ * Fixed various minor memory leaks in pybind11's test suite. `#2758 `_ * Resolved memory leak in cpp_function initialization when exceptions occurred. `#2756 `_ * Added a Valgrind build, checking for leaks and memory-related UB, to CI. `#2746 `_ Compiler support: * Intel compiler was not activating C++14 support due to a broken define. `#2679 `_ * Support ICC and NVIDIA HPC SDK in C++17 mode. `#2729 `_ * Support Intel OneAPI compiler (ICC 20.2) and add to CI. `#2573 `_ v2.6.1 (Nov 11, 2020) --------------------- * ``py::exec``, ``py::eval``, and ``py::eval_file`` now add the builtins module as ``"__builtins__"`` to their ``globals`` argument, better matching ``exec`` and ``eval`` in pure Python. `#2616 `_ * ``setup_helpers`` will no longer set a minimum macOS version higher than the current version. `#2622 `_ * Allow deleting static properties. `#2629 `_ * Seal a leak in ``def_buffer``, cleaning up the ``capture`` object after the ``class_`` object goes out of scope. `#2634 `_ * ``pybind11_INCLUDE_DIRS`` was incorrect, potentially causing a regression if it was expected to include ``PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS`` (please use targets instead). `#2636 `_ * Added parameter names to the ``py::enum_`` constructor and methods, avoiding ``arg0`` in the generated docstrings. `#2637 `_ * Added ``needs_recompile`` optional function to the ``ParallelCompiler`` helper, to allow a recompile to be skipped based on a user-defined function. `#2643 `_ v2.6.0 (Oct 21, 2020) --------------------- See :ref:`upgrade-guide-2.6` for help upgrading to the new version. New features: * Keyword-only arguments supported in Python 2 or 3 with ``py::kw_only()``. `#2100 `_ * Positional-only arguments supported in Python 2 or 3 with ``py::pos_only()``. `#2459 `_ * ``py::is_final()`` class modifier to block subclassing (CPython only). `#2151 `_ * Added ``py::prepend()``, allowing a function to be placed at the beginning of the overload chain. `#1131 `_ * Access to the type object now provided with ``py::type::of()`` and ``py::type::of(h)``. `#2364 `_ * Perfect forwarding support for methods. `#2048 `_ * Added ``py::error_already_set::discard_as_unraisable()``. `#2372 `_ * ``py::hash`` is now public. `#2217 `_ * ``py::class_`` is now supported. Note that writing to one data member of the union and reading another (type punning) is UB in C++. Thus pybind11-bound enums should never be used for such conversions. `#2320 `_. * Classes now check local scope when registering members, allowing a subclass to have a member with the same name as a parent (such as an enum). `#2335 `_ Code correctness features: * Error now thrown when ``__init__`` is forgotten on subclasses. `#2152 `_ * Throw error if conversion to a pybind11 type if the Python object isn't a valid instance of that type, such as ``py::bytes(o)`` when ``py::object o`` isn't a bytes instance. `#2349 `_ * Throw if conversion to ``str`` fails. `#2477 `_ API changes: * ``py::module`` was renamed ``py::module_`` to avoid issues with C++20 when used unqualified, but an alias ``py::module`` is provided for backward compatibility. `#2489 `_ * Public constructors for ``py::module_`` have been deprecated; please use ``pybind11::module_::create_extension_module`` if you were using the public constructor (fairly rare after ``PYBIND11_MODULE`` was introduced). `#2552 `_ * ``PYBIND11_OVERLOAD*`` macros and ``get_overload`` function replaced by correctly-named ``PYBIND11_OVERRIDE*`` and ``get_override``, fixing inconsistencies in the presence of a closing ``;`` in these macros. ``get_type_overload`` is deprecated. `#2325 `_ Packaging / building improvements: * The Python package was reworked to be more powerful and useful. `#2433 `_ * :ref:`build-setuptools` is easier thanks to a new ``pybind11.setup_helpers`` module, which provides utilities to use setuptools with pybind11. It can be used via PEP 518, ``setup_requires``, or by directly importing or copying ``setup_helpers.py`` into your project. * CMake configuration files are now included in the Python package. Use ``pybind11.get_cmake_dir()`` or ``python -m pybind11 --cmakedir`` to get the directory with the CMake configuration files, or include the site-packages location in your ``CMAKE_MODULE_PATH``. Or you can use the new ``pybind11[global]`` extra when you install ``pybind11``, which installs the CMake files and headers into your base environment in the standard location. * ``pybind11-config`` is another way to write ``python -m pybind11`` if you have your PATH set up. * Added external typing support to the helper module, code from ``import pybind11`` can now be type checked. `#2588 `_ * Minimum CMake required increased to 3.4. `#2338 `_ and `#2370 `_ * Full integration with CMake's C++ standard system and compile features replaces ``PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD``. * Generated config file is now portable to different Python/compiler/CMake versions. * Virtual environments prioritized if ``PYTHON_EXECUTABLE`` is not set (``venv``, ``virtualenv``, and ``conda``) (similar to the new FindPython mode). * Other CMake features now natively supported, like ``CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION``, ``set(CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden)``. * ``CUDA`` as a language is now supported. * Helper functions ``pybind11_strip``, ``pybind11_extension``, ``pybind11_find_import`` added, see :doc:`cmake/index`. * Optional :ref:`find-python-mode` and :ref:`nopython-mode` with CMake. `#2370 `_ * Uninstall target added. `#2265 `_ and `#2346 `_ * ``pybind11_add_module()`` now accepts an optional ``OPT_SIZE`` flag that switches the binding target to size-based optimization if the global build type can not always be fixed to ``MinSizeRel`` (except in debug mode, where optimizations remain disabled). ``MinSizeRel`` or this flag reduces binary size quite substantially (~25% on some platforms). `#2463 `_ Smaller or developer focused features and fixes: * Moved ``mkdoc.py`` to a new repo, `pybind11-mkdoc`_. There are no longer submodules in the main repo. * ``py::memoryview`` segfault fix and update, with new ``py::memoryview::from_memory`` in Python 3, and documentation. `#2223 `_ * Fix for ``buffer_info`` on Python 2. `#2503 `_ * If ``__eq__`` defined but not ``__hash__``, ``__hash__`` is now set to ``None``. `#2291 `_ * ``py::ellipsis`` now also works on Python 2. `#2360 `_ * Pointer to ``std::tuple`` & ``std::pair`` supported in cast. `#2334 `_ * Small fixes in NumPy support. ``py::array`` now uses ``py::ssize_t`` as first argument type. `#2293 `_ * Added missing signature for ``py::array``. `#2363 `_ * ``unchecked_mutable_reference`` has access to operator ``()`` and ``[]`` when const. `#2514 `_ * ``py::vectorize`` is now supported on functions that return void. `#1969 `_ * ``py::capsule`` supports ``get_pointer`` and ``set_pointer``. `#1131 `_ * Fix crash when different instances share the same pointer of the same type. `#2252 `_ * Fix for ``py::len`` not clearing Python's error state when it fails and throws. `#2575 `_ * Bugfixes related to more extensive testing, new GitHub Actions CI. `#2321 `_ * Bug in timezone issue in Eastern hemisphere midnight fixed. `#2438 `_ * ``std::chrono::time_point`` now works when the resolution is not the same as the system. `#2481 `_ * Bug fixed where ``py::array_t`` could accept arrays that did not match the requested ordering. `#2484 `_ * Avoid a segfault on some compilers when types are removed in Python. `#2564 `_ * ``py::arg::none()`` is now also respected when passing keyword arguments. `#2611 `_ * PyPy fixes, PyPy 7.3.x now supported, including PyPy3. (Known issue with PyPy2 and Windows `#2596 `_). `#2146 `_ * CPython 3.9.0 workaround for undefined behavior (macOS segfault). `#2576 `_ * CPython 3.9 warning fixes. `#2253 `_ * Improved C++20 support, now tested in CI. `#2489 `_ `#2599 `_ * Improved but still incomplete debug Python interpreter support. `#2025 `_ * NVCC (CUDA 11) now supported and tested in CI. `#2461 `_ * NVIDIA PGI compilers now supported and tested in CI. `#2475 `_ * At least Intel 18 now explicitly required when compiling with Intel. `#2577 `_ * Extensive style checking in CI, with `pre-commit`_ support. Code modernization, checked by clang-tidy. * Expanded docs, including new main page, new installing section, and CMake helpers page, along with over a dozen new sections on existing pages. * In GitHub, new docs for contributing and new issue templates. .. _pre-commit: https://pre-commit.com .. _pybind11-mkdoc: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11-mkdoc v2.5.0 (Mar 31, 2020) ----------------------------------------------------- * Use C++17 fold expressions in type casters, if available. This can improve performance during overload resolution when functions have multiple arguments. `#2043 `_. * Changed include directory resolution in ``pybind11/__init__.py`` and installation in ``setup.py``. This fixes a number of open issues where pybind11 headers could not be found in certain environments. `#1995 `_. * C++20 ``char8_t`` and ``u8string`` support. `#2026 `_. * CMake: search for Python 3.9. `bb9c91 `_. * Fixes for MSYS-based build environments. `#2087 `_, `#2053 `_. * STL bindings for ``std::vector<...>::clear``. `#2074 `_. * Read-only flag for ``py::buffer``. `#1466 `_. * Exception handling during module initialization. `bf2b031 `_. * Support linking against a CPython debug build. `#2025 `_. * Fixed issues involving the availability and use of aligned ``new`` and ``delete``. `#1988 `_, `759221 `_. * Fixed a resource leak upon interpreter shutdown. `#2020 `_. * Fixed error handling in the boolean caster. `#1976 `_. v2.4.3 (Oct 15, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Adapt pybind11 to a C API convention change in Python 3.8. `#1950 `_. v2.4.2 (Sep 21, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Replaced usage of a C++14 only construct. `#1929 `_. * Made an ifdef future-proof for Python >= 4. `f3109d `_. v2.4.1 (Sep 20, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Fixed a problem involving implicit conversion from enumerations to integers on Python 3.8. `#1780 `_. v2.4.0 (Sep 19, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Try harder to keep pybind11-internal data structures separate when there are potential ABI incompatibilities. Fixes crashes that occurred when loading multiple pybind11 extensions that were e.g. compiled by GCC (libstdc++) and Clang (libc++). `#1588 `_ and `c9f5a `_. * Added support for ``__await__``, ``__aiter__``, and ``__anext__`` protocols. `#1842 `_. * ``pybind11_add_module()``: don't strip symbols when compiling in ``RelWithDebInfo`` mode. `#1980 `_. * ``enum_``: Reproduce Python behavior when comparing against invalid values (e.g. ``None``, strings, etc.). Add back support for ``__invert__()``. `#1912 `_, `#1907 `_. * List insertion operation for ``py::list``. Added ``.empty()`` to all collection types. Added ``py::set::contains()`` and ``py::dict::contains()``. `#1887 `_, `#1884 `_, `#1888 `_. * ``py::details::overload_cast_impl`` is available in C++11 mode, can be used like ``overload_cast`` with an additional set of parentheses. `#1581 `_. * Fixed ``get_include()`` on Conda. `#1877 `_. * ``stl_bind.h``: negative indexing support. `#1882 `_. * Minor CMake fix to add MinGW compatibility. `#1851 `_. * GIL-related fixes. `#1836 `_, `8b90b `_. * Other very minor/subtle fixes and improvements. `#1329 `_, `#1910 `_, `#1863 `_, `#1847 `_, `#1890 `_, `#1860 `_, `#1848 `_, `#1821 `_, `#1837 `_, `#1833 `_, `#1748 `_, `#1852 `_. v2.3.0 (June 11, 2019) ----------------------------------------------------- * Significantly reduced module binary size (10-20%) when compiled in C++11 mode with GCC/Clang, or in any mode with MSVC. Function signatures are now always precomputed at compile time (this was previously only available in C++14 mode for non-MSVC compilers). `#934 `_. * Add basic support for tag-based static polymorphism, where classes provide a method to returns the desired type of an instance. `#1326 `_. * Python type wrappers (``py::handle``, ``py::object``, etc.) now support map Python's number protocol onto C++ arithmetic operators such as ``operator+``, ``operator/=``, etc. `#1511 `_. * A number of improvements related to enumerations: 1. The ``enum_`` implementation was rewritten from scratch to reduce code bloat. Rather than instantiating a full implementation for each enumeration, most code is now contained in a generic base class. `#1511 `_. 2. The ``value()`` method of ``py::enum_`` now accepts an optional docstring that will be shown in the documentation of the associated enumeration. `#1160 `_. 3. check for already existing enum value and throw an error if present. `#1453 `_. * Support for over-aligned type allocation via C++17's aligned ``new`` statement. `#1582 `_. * Added ``py::ellipsis()`` method for slicing of multidimensional NumPy arrays `#1502 `_. * Numerous Improvements to the ``mkdoc.py`` script for extracting documentation from C++ header files. `#1788 `_. * ``pybind11_add_module()``: allow including Python as a ``SYSTEM`` include path. `#1416 `_. * ``pybind11/stl.h`` does not convert strings to ``vector`` anymore. `#1258 `_. * Mark static methods as such to fix auto-generated Sphinx documentation. `#1732 `_. * Re-throw forced unwind exceptions (e.g. during pthread termination). `#1208 `_. * Added ``__contains__`` method to the bindings of maps (``std::map``, ``std::unordered_map``). `#1767 `_. * Improvements to ``gil_scoped_acquire``. `#1211 `_. * Type caster support for ``std::deque``. `#1609 `_. * Support for ``std::unique_ptr`` holders, whose deleters differ between a base and derived class. `#1353 `_. * Construction of STL array/vector-like data structures from iterators. Added an ``extend()`` operation. `#1709 `_, * CMake build system improvements for projects that include non-C++ files (e.g. plain C, CUDA) in ``pybind11_add_module`` et al. `#1678 `_. * Fixed asynchronous invocation and deallocation of Python functions wrapped in ``std::function``. `#1595 `_. * Fixes regarding return value policy propagation in STL type casters. `#1603 `_. * Fixed scoped enum comparisons. `#1571 `_. * Fixed iostream redirection for code that releases the GIL. `#1368 `_, * A number of CI-related fixes. `#1757 `_, `#1744 `_, `#1670 `_. v2.2.4 (September 11, 2018) ----------------------------------------------------- * Use new Python 3.7 Thread Specific Storage (TSS) implementation if available. `#1454 `_, `#1517 `_. * Fixes for newer MSVC versions and C++17 mode. `#1347 `_, `#1462 `_. * Propagate return value policies to type-specific casters when casting STL containers. `#1455 `_. * Allow ostream-redirection of more than 1024 characters. `#1479 `_. * Set ``Py_DEBUG`` define when compiling against a debug Python build. `#1438 `_. * Untangle integer logic in number type caster to work for custom types that may only be castable to a restricted set of builtin types. `#1442 `_. * CMake build system: Remember Python version in cache file. `#1434 `_. * Fix for custom smart pointers: use ``std::addressof`` to obtain holder address instead of ``operator&``. `#1435 `_. * Properly report exceptions thrown during module initialization. `#1362 `_. * Fixed a segmentation fault when creating empty-shaped NumPy array. `#1371 `_. * The version of Intel C++ compiler must be >= 2017, and this is now checked by the header files. `#1363 `_. * A few minor typo fixes and improvements to the test suite, and patches that silence compiler warnings. * Vectors now support construction from generators, as well as ``extend()`` from a list or generator. `#1496 `_. v2.2.3 (April 29, 2018) ----------------------------------------------------- * The pybind11 header location detection was replaced by a new implementation that no longer depends on ``pip`` internals (the recently released ``pip`` 10 has restricted access to this API). `#1190 `_. * Small adjustment to an implementation detail to work around a compiler segmentation fault in Clang 3.3/3.4. `#1350 `_. * The minimal supported version of the Intel compiler was >= 17.0 since pybind11 v2.1. This check is now explicit, and a compile-time error is raised if the compiler meet the requirement. `#1363 `_. * Fixed an endianness-related fault in the test suite. `#1287 `_. v2.2.2 (February 7, 2018) ----------------------------------------------------- * Fixed a segfault when combining embedded interpreter shutdown/reinitialization with external loaded pybind11 modules. `#1092 `_. * Eigen support: fixed a bug where Nx1/1xN numpy inputs couldn't be passed as arguments to Eigen vectors (which for Eigen are simply compile-time fixed Nx1/1xN matrices). `#1106 `_. * Clarified to license by moving the licensing of contributions from ``LICENSE`` into ``CONTRIBUTING.md``: the licensing of contributions is not actually part of the software license as distributed. This isn't meant to be a substantial change in the licensing of the project, but addresses concerns that the clause made the license non-standard. `#1109 `_. * Fixed a regression introduced in 2.1 that broke binding functions with lvalue character literal arguments. `#1128 `_. * MSVC: fix for compilation failures under /permissive-, and added the flag to the appveyor test suite. `#1155 `_. * Fixed ``__qualname__`` generation, and in turn, fixes how class names (especially nested class names) are shown in generated docstrings. `#1171 `_. * Updated the FAQ with a suggested project citation reference. `#1189 `_. * Added fixes for deprecation warnings when compiled under C++17 with ``-Wdeprecated`` turned on, and add ``-Wdeprecated`` to the test suite compilation flags. `#1191 `_. * Fixed outdated PyPI URLs in ``setup.py``. `#1213 `_. * Fixed a refcount leak for arguments that end up in a ``py::args`` argument for functions with both fixed positional and ``py::args`` arguments. `#1216 `_. * Fixed a potential segfault resulting from possible premature destruction of ``py::args``/``py::kwargs`` arguments with overloaded functions. `#1223 `_. * Fixed ``del map[item]`` for a ``stl_bind.h`` bound stl map. `#1229 `_. * Fixed a regression from v2.1.x where the aggregate initialization could unintentionally end up at a constructor taking a templated ``std::initializer_list`` argument. `#1249 `_. * Fixed an issue where calling a function with a keep_alive policy on the same nurse/patient pair would cause the internal patient storage to needlessly grow (unboundedly, if the nurse is long-lived). `#1251 `_. * Various other minor fixes. v2.2.1 (September 14, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * Added ``py::module_::reload()`` member function for reloading a module. `#1040 `_. * Fixed a reference leak in the number converter. `#1078 `_. * Fixed compilation with Clang on host GCC < 5 (old libstdc++ which isn't fully C++11 compliant). `#1062 `_. * Fixed a regression where the automatic ``std::vector`` caster would fail to compile. The same fix also applies to any container which returns element proxies instead of references. `#1053 `_. * Fixed a regression where the ``py::keep_alive`` policy could not be applied to constructors. `#1065 `_. * Fixed a nullptr dereference when loading a ``py::module_local`` type that's only registered in an external module. `#1058 `_. * Fixed implicit conversion of accessors to types derived from ``py::object``. `#1076 `_. * The ``name`` in ``PYBIND11_MODULE(name, variable)`` can now be a macro. `#1082 `_. * Relaxed overly strict ``py::pickle()`` check for matching get and set types. `#1064 `_. * Conversion errors now try to be more informative when it's likely that a missing header is the cause (e.g. forgetting ````). `#1077 `_. v2.2.0 (August 31, 2017) ----------------------------------------------------- * Support for embedding the Python interpreter. See the :doc:`documentation page ` for a full overview of the new features. `#774 `_, `#889 `_, `#892 `_, `#920 `_. .. code-block:: cpp #include namespace py = pybind11; int main() { py::scoped_interpreter guard{}; // start the interpreter and keep it alive py::print("Hello, World!"); // use the Python API } * Support for inheriting from multiple C++ bases in Python. `#693 `_. .. code-block:: python from cpp_module import CppBase1, CppBase2 class PyDerived(CppBase1, CppBase2): def __init__(self): CppBase1.__init__(self) # C++ bases must be initialized explicitly CppBase2.__init__(self) * ``PYBIND11_MODULE`` is now the preferred way to create module entry points. ``PYBIND11_PLUGIN`` is deprecated. See :ref:`macros` for details. `#879 `_. .. code-block:: cpp // new PYBIND11_MODULE(example, m) { m.def("add", [](int a, int b) { return a + b; }); } // old PYBIND11_PLUGIN(example) { py::module m("example"); m.def("add", [](int a, int b) { return a + b; }); return m.ptr(); } * pybind11's headers and build system now more strictly enforce hidden symbol visibility for extension modules. This should be seamless for most users, but see the :doc:`upgrade` if you use a custom build system. `#995 `_. * Support for ``py::module_local`` types which allow multiple modules to export the same C++ types without conflicts. This is useful for opaque types like ``std::vector``. ``py::bind_vector`` and ``py::bind_map`` now default to ``py::module_local`` if their elements are builtins or local types. See :ref:`module_local` for details. `#949 `_, `#981 `_, `#995 `_, `#997 `_. * Custom constructors can now be added very easily using lambdas or factory functions which return a class instance by value, pointer or holder. This supersedes the old placement-new ``__init__`` technique. See :ref:`custom_constructors` for details. `#805 `_, `#1014 `_. .. code-block:: cpp struct Example { Example(std::string); }; py::class_(m, "Example") .def(py::init()) // existing constructor .def(py::init([](int n) { // custom constructor return std::make_unique(std::to_string(n)); })); * Similarly to custom constructors, pickling support functions are now bound using the ``py::pickle()`` adaptor which improves type safety. See the :doc:`upgrade` and :ref:`pickling` for details. `#1038 `_. * Builtin support for converting C++17 standard library types and general conversion improvements: 1. C++17 ``std::variant`` is supported right out of the box. C++11/14 equivalents (e.g. ``boost::variant``) can also be added with a simple user-defined specialization. See :ref:`cpp17_container_casters` for details. `#811 `_, `#845 `_, `#989 `_. 2. Out-of-the-box support for C++17 ``std::string_view``. `#906 `_. 3. Improved compatibility of the builtin ``optional`` converter. `#874 `_. 4. The ``bool`` converter now accepts ``numpy.bool_`` and types which define ``__bool__`` (Python 3.x) or ``__nonzero__`` (Python 2.7). `#925 `_. 5. C++-to-Python casters are now more efficient and move elements out of rvalue containers whenever possible. `#851 `_, `#936 `_, `#938 `_. 6. Fixed ``bytes`` to ``std::string/char*`` conversion on Python 3. `#817 `_. 7. Fixed lifetime of temporary C++ objects created in Python-to-C++ conversions. `#924