pybind11/tests/test_sequences_and_iterators.cpp

/*
    tests/test_sequences_and_iterators.cpp -- supporting Pythons' sequence protocol, iterators,
    etc.

    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>

    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/

#include "pybind11_tests.h"
#include "constructor_stats.h"
#include <pybind11/operators.h>
#include <pybind11/stl.h>

class Sequence {
public:
    Sequence(size_t size) : m_size(size) {
        print_created(this, "of size", m_size);
        m_data = new float[size];
        memset(m_data, 0, sizeof(float) * size);
    }

    Sequence(const std::vector<float> &value) : m_size(value.size()) {
        print_created(this, "of size", m_size, "from std::vector");
        m_data = new float[m_size];
        memcpy(m_data, &value[0], sizeof(float) * m_size);
    }

    Sequence(const Sequence &s) : m_size(s.m_size) {
        print_copy_created(this);
        m_data = new float[m_size];
        memcpy(m_data, s.m_data, sizeof(float)*m_size);
    }

    Sequence(Sequence &&s) : m_size(s.m_size), m_data(s.m_data) {
        print_move_created(this);
        s.m_size = 0;
        s.m_data = nullptr;
    }

    ~Sequence() {
        print_destroyed(this);
        delete[] m_data;
    }

    Sequence &operator=(const Sequence &s) {
        if (&s != this) {
            delete[] m_data;
            m_size = s.m_size;
            m_data = new float[m_size];
            memcpy(m_data, s.m_data, sizeof(float)*m_size);
        }

        print_copy_assigned(this);

        return *this;
    }

    Sequence &operator=(Sequence &&s) {
        if (&s != this) {
            delete[] m_data;
            m_size = s.m_size;
            m_data = s.m_data;
            s.m_size = 0;
            s.m_data = nullptr;
        }

        print_move_assigned(this);

        return *this;
    }

    bool operator==(const Sequence &s) const {
        if (m_size != s.size())
            return false;
        for (size_t i=0; i<m_size; ++i)
            if (m_data[i] != s[i])
                return false;
        return true;
    }

    bool operator!=(const Sequence &s) const {
        return !operator==(s);
    }

    float operator[](size_t index) const {
        return m_data[index];
    }

    float &operator[](size_t index) {
        return m_data[index];
    }

    bool contains(float v) const {
        for (size_t i=0; i<m_size; ++i)
            if (v == m_data[i])
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    Sequence reversed() const {
        Sequence result(m_size);
        for (size_t i=0; i<m_size; ++i)
            result[m_size-i-1] = m_data[i];
        return result;
    }

    size_t size() const { return m_size; }

    const float *begin() const { return m_data; }
    const float *end() const { return m_data+m_size; }

private:
    size_t m_size;
    float *m_data;
};

class IntPairs {
public:
    IntPairs(std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> data) : data_(std::move(data)) {}
    const std::pair<int, int>* begin() const { return data_.data(); }

private:
    std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> data_;
};

// Interface of a map-like object that isn't (directly) an unordered_map, but provides some basic
// map-like functionality.
class StringMap {
public:
    StringMap() = default;
    StringMap(std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> init)
        : map(std::move(init)) {}

    void set(std::string key, std::string val) {
        map[key] = val;
    }

    std::string get(std::string key) const {
        return map.at(key);
    }

    size_t size() const {
        return map.size();
    }

private:
    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> map;

public:
    decltype(map.cbegin()) begin() const { return map.cbegin(); }
    decltype(map.cend()) end() const { return map.cend(); }
};

template<typename T>
class NonZeroIterator {
    const T* ptr_;
public:
    NonZeroIterator(const T* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
    const T& operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
    NonZeroIterator& operator++() { ++ptr_; return *this; }
};

class NonZeroSentinel {};

template<typename A, typename B>
bool operator==(const NonZeroIterator<std::pair<A, B>>& it, const NonZeroSentinel&) {
    return !(*it).first || !(*it).second;
}

template <typename PythonType>
py::list test_random_access_iterator(PythonType x) {
    if (x.size() < 5)
        throw py::value_error("Please provide at least 5 elements for testing.");

    auto checks = py::list();
    auto assert_equal = [&checks](py::handle a, py::handle b) {
        auto result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(a.ptr(), b.ptr(), Py_EQ);
        if (result == -1) { throw py::error_already_set(); }
        checks.append(result != 0);
    };

    auto it = x.begin();
    assert_equal(x[0], *it);
    assert_equal(x[0], it[0]);
    assert_equal(x[1], it[1]);

    assert_equal(x[1], *(++it));
    assert_equal(x[1], *(it++));
    assert_equal(x[2], *it);
    assert_equal(x[3], *(it += 1));
    assert_equal(x[2], *(--it));
    assert_equal(x[2], *(it--));
    assert_equal(x[1], *it);
    assert_equal(x[0], *(it -= 1));

    assert_equal(it->attr("real"), x[0].attr("real"));
    assert_equal((it + 1)->attr("real"), x[1].attr("real"));

    assert_equal(x[1], *(it + 1));
    assert_equal(x[1], *(1 + it));
    it += 3;
    assert_equal(x[1], *(it - 2));

    checks.append(static_cast<std::size_t>(x.end() - x.begin()) == x.size());
    checks.append((x.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(x.size())) == x.end());
    checks.append(x.begin() < x.end());

    return checks;
}

test_initializer sequences_and_iterators([](py::module &pm) {
    auto m = pm.def_submodule("sequences_and_iterators");

    py::class_<Sequence> seq(m, "Sequence");

    seq.def(py::init<size_t>())
       .def(py::init<const std::vector<float>&>())
       /// Bare bones interface
       .def("__getitem__", [](const Sequence &s, size_t i) {
            if (i >= s.size())
                throw py::index_error();
            return s[i];
        })
       .def("__setitem__", [](Sequence &s, size_t i, float v) {
            if (i >= s.size())
                throw py::index_error();
            s[i] = v;
        })
       .def("__len__", &Sequence::size)
       /// Optional sequence protocol operations
       .def("__iter__", [](const Sequence &s) { return py::make_iterator(s.begin(), s.end()); },
                        py::keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep object alive while iterator exists */)
       .def("__contains__", [](const Sequence &s, float v) { return s.contains(v); })
       .def("__reversed__", [](const Sequence &s) -> Sequence { return s.reversed(); })
       /// Slicing protocol (optional)
       .def("__getitem__", [](const Sequence &s, py::slice slice) -> Sequence* {
            size_t start, stop, step, slicelength;
            if (!slice.compute(s.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength))
                throw py::error_already_set();
            Sequence *seq = new Sequence(slicelength);
            for (size_t i=0; i<slicelength; ++i) {
                (*seq)[i] = s[start]; start += step;
            }
            return seq;
        })
       .def("__setitem__", [](Sequence &s, py::slice slice, const Sequence &value) {
            size_t start, stop, step, slicelength;
            if (!slice.compute(s.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength))
                throw py::error_already_set();
            if (slicelength != value.size())
                throw std::runtime_error("Left and right hand size of slice assignment have different sizes!");
            for (size_t i=0; i<slicelength; ++i) {
                s[start] = value[i]; start += step;
            }
        })
       /// Comparisons
       .def(py::self == py::self)
       .def(py::self != py::self);
       // Could also define py::self + py::self for concatenation, etc.

    py::class_<StringMap> map(m, "StringMap");

    map .def(py::init<>())
        .def(py::init<std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>>())
        .def("__getitem__", [](const StringMap &map, std::string key) {
                try { return map.get(key); }
                catch (const std::out_of_range&) {
                    throw py::key_error("key '" + key + "' does not exist");
                }
                })
        .def("__setitem__", &StringMap::set)
        .def("__len__", &StringMap::size)
        .def("__iter__", [](const StringMap &map) { return py::make_key_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); },
                py::keep_alive<0, 1>())
        .def("items", [](const StringMap &map) { return py::make_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); },
                py::keep_alive<0, 1>())
        ;

    py::class_<IntPairs>(m, "IntPairs")
        .def(py::init<std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>>())
        .def("nonzero", [](const IntPairs& s) {
                return py::make_iterator(NonZeroIterator<std::pair<int, int>>(s.begin()), NonZeroSentinel());
            }, py::keep_alive<0, 1>())
        .def("nonzero_keys", [](const IntPairs& s) {
            return py::make_key_iterator(NonZeroIterator<std::pair<int, int>>(s.begin()), NonZeroSentinel());
        }, py::keep_alive<0, 1>());


#if 0
    // Obsolete: special data structure for exposing custom iterator types to python
    // kept here for illustrative purposes because there might be some use cases which
    // are not covered by the much simpler py::make_iterator

    struct PySequenceIterator {
        PySequenceIterator(const Sequence &seq, py::object ref) : seq(seq), ref(ref) { }

        float next() {
            if (index == seq.size())
                throw py::stop_iteration();
            return seq[index++];
        }

        const Sequence &seq;
        py::object ref; // keep a reference
        size_t index = 0;
    };

    py::class_<PySequenceIterator>(seq, "Iterator")
        .def("__iter__", [](PySequenceIterator &it) -> PySequenceIterator& { return it; })
        .def("__next__", &PySequenceIterator::next);

    On the actual Sequence object, the iterator would be constructed as follows:
    .def("__iter__", [](py::object s) { return PySequenceIterator(s.cast<const Sequence &>(), s); })
#endif

    m.def("object_to_list", [](py::object o) {
        auto l = py::list();
        for (auto item : o) {
            l.append(item);
        }
        return l;
    });

    m.def("iterator_to_list", [](py::iterator it) {
        auto l = py::list();
        while (it != py::iterator::sentinel()) {
            l.append(*it);
            ++it;
        }
        return l;
    });

    // Make sure that py::iterator works with std algorithms
    m.def("count_none", [](py::object o) {
        return std::count_if(o.begin(), o.end(), [](py::handle h) { return h.is_none(); });
    });

    m.def("find_none", [](py::object o) {
        auto it = std::find_if(o.begin(), o.end(), [](py::handle h) { return h.is_none(); });
        return it->is_none();
    });

    m.def("count_nonzeros", [](py::dict d) {
       return std::count_if(d.begin(), d.end(), [](std::pair<py::handle, py::handle> p) {
           return p.second.cast<int>() != 0;
       });
    });

    m.def("tuple_iterator", [](py::tuple x) { return test_random_access_iterator(x); });
    m.def("list_iterator", [](py::list x) { return test_random_access_iterator(x); });
    m.def("sequence_iterator", [](py::sequence x) { return test_random_access_iterator(x); });

    // #181: iterator passthrough did not compile
    m.def("iterator_passthrough", [](py::iterator s) -> py::iterator {
        return py::make_iterator(std::begin(s), std::end(s));
    });

    // #388: Can't make iterators via make_iterator() with different r/v policies
    static std::vector<int> list = { 1, 2, 3 };
    m.def("make_iterator_1", []() { return py::make_iterator<py::return_value_policy::copy>(list); });
    m.def("make_iterator_2", []() { return py::make_iterator<py::return_value_policy::automatic>(list); });
});