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* Clear local internals after finalizing interpreter * Add descriptive comments * [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
396 lines
14 KiB
C++
396 lines
14 KiB
C++
#include <pybind11/embed.h>
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#ifdef _MSC_VER
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// Silence MSVC C++17 deprecation warning from Catch regarding std::uncaught_exceptions (up to
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// catch 2.0.1; this should be fixed in the next catch release after 2.0.1).
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# pragma warning(disable : 4996)
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#endif
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#include <catch.hpp>
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#include <cstdlib>
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#include <fstream>
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#include <functional>
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#include <thread>
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#include <utility>
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namespace py = pybind11;
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using namespace py::literals;
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class Widget {
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public:
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explicit Widget(std::string message) : message(std::move(message)) {}
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virtual ~Widget() = default;
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std::string the_message() const { return message; }
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virtual int the_answer() const = 0;
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virtual std::string argv0() const = 0;
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private:
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std::string message;
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};
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class PyWidget final : public Widget {
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using Widget::Widget;
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int the_answer() const override { PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(int, Widget, the_answer); }
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std::string argv0() const override { PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(std::string, Widget, argv0); }
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};
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class test_override_cache_helper {
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public:
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virtual int func() { return 0; }
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test_override_cache_helper() = default;
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virtual ~test_override_cache_helper() = default;
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// Non-copyable
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test_override_cache_helper &operator=(test_override_cache_helper const &Right) = delete;
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test_override_cache_helper(test_override_cache_helper const &Copy) = delete;
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};
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class test_override_cache_helper_trampoline : public test_override_cache_helper {
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int func() override { PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(int, test_override_cache_helper, func); }
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};
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PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(widget_module, m) {
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py::class_<Widget, PyWidget>(m, "Widget")
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.def(py::init<std::string>())
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.def_property_readonly("the_message", &Widget::the_message);
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m.def("add", [](int i, int j) { return i + j; });
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}
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PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(trampoline_module, m) {
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py::class_<test_override_cache_helper,
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test_override_cache_helper_trampoline,
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std::shared_ptr<test_override_cache_helper>>(m, "test_override_cache_helper")
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.def(py::init_alias<>())
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.def("func", &test_override_cache_helper::func);
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}
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PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(throw_exception, ) { throw std::runtime_error("C++ Error"); }
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PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(throw_error_already_set, ) {
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auto d = py::dict();
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d["missing"].cast<py::object>();
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}
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TEST_CASE("Pass classes and data between modules defined in C++ and Python") {
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auto module_ = py::module_::import("test_interpreter");
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REQUIRE(py::hasattr(module_, "DerivedWidget"));
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auto locals = py::dict("hello"_a = "Hello, World!", "x"_a = 5, **module_.attr("__dict__"));
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py::exec(R"(
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widget = DerivedWidget("{} - {}".format(hello, x))
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message = widget.the_message
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)",
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py::globals(),
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locals);
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REQUIRE(locals["message"].cast<std::string>() == "Hello, World! - 5");
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auto py_widget = module_.attr("DerivedWidget")("The question");
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auto message = py_widget.attr("the_message");
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REQUIRE(message.cast<std::string>() == "The question");
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const auto &cpp_widget = py_widget.cast<const Widget &>();
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REQUIRE(cpp_widget.the_answer() == 42);
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}
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TEST_CASE("Override cache") {
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auto module_ = py::module_::import("test_trampoline");
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REQUIRE(py::hasattr(module_, "func"));
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REQUIRE(py::hasattr(module_, "func2"));
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auto locals = py::dict(**module_.attr("__dict__"));
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int i = 0;
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for (; i < 1500; ++i) {
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std::shared_ptr<test_override_cache_helper> p_obj;
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std::shared_ptr<test_override_cache_helper> p_obj2;
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py::object loc_inst = locals["func"]();
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p_obj = py::cast<std::shared_ptr<test_override_cache_helper>>(loc_inst);
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int ret = p_obj->func();
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REQUIRE(ret == 42);
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loc_inst = locals["func2"]();
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p_obj2 = py::cast<std::shared_ptr<test_override_cache_helper>>(loc_inst);
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p_obj2->func();
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}
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}
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TEST_CASE("Import error handling") {
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REQUIRE_NOTHROW(py::module_::import("widget_module"));
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REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(py::module_::import("throw_exception"), "ImportError: C++ Error");
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REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(py::module_::import("throw_error_already_set"),
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Catch::Contains("ImportError: initialization failed"));
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auto locals = py::dict("is_keyerror"_a = false, "message"_a = "not set");
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py::exec(R"(
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try:
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import throw_error_already_set
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except ImportError as e:
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is_keyerror = type(e.__cause__) == KeyError
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message = str(e.__cause__)
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)",
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py::globals(),
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locals);
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REQUIRE(locals["is_keyerror"].cast<bool>() == true);
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REQUIRE(locals["message"].cast<std::string>() == "'missing'");
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}
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TEST_CASE("There can be only one interpreter") {
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static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<py::scoped_interpreter>::value, "");
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static_assert(!std::is_move_assignable<py::scoped_interpreter>::value, "");
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static_assert(!std::is_copy_constructible<py::scoped_interpreter>::value, "");
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static_assert(!std::is_copy_assignable<py::scoped_interpreter>::value, "");
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REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(py::initialize_interpreter(), "The interpreter is already running");
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REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(py::scoped_interpreter(), "The interpreter is already running");
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py::finalize_interpreter();
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REQUIRE_NOTHROW(py::scoped_interpreter());
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{
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auto pyi1 = py::scoped_interpreter();
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auto pyi2 = std::move(pyi1);
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}
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py::initialize_interpreter();
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}
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bool has_pybind11_internals_builtin() {
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auto builtins = py::handle(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
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return builtins.contains(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID);
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};
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bool has_pybind11_internals_static() {
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auto **&ipp = py::detail::get_internals_pp();
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return (ipp != nullptr) && (*ipp != nullptr);
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}
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TEST_CASE("Restart the interpreter") {
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// Verify pre-restart state.
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REQUIRE(py::module_::import("widget_module").attr("add")(1, 2).cast<int>() == 3);
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_builtin());
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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REQUIRE(py::module_::import("external_module").attr("A")(123).attr("value").cast<int>()
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== 123);
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// local and foreign module internals should point to the same internals:
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REQUIRE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(*py::detail::get_internals_pp())
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== py::module_::import("external_module").attr("internals_at")().cast<uintptr_t>());
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// Restart the interpreter.
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py::finalize_interpreter();
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REQUIRE(Py_IsInitialized() == 0);
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py::initialize_interpreter();
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REQUIRE(Py_IsInitialized() == 1);
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// Internals are deleted after a restart.
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_builtin());
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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pybind11::detail::get_internals();
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_builtin());
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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REQUIRE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(*py::detail::get_internals_pp())
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== py::module_::import("external_module").attr("internals_at")().cast<uintptr_t>());
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// Make sure that an interpreter with no get_internals() created until finalize still gets the
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// internals destroyed
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py::finalize_interpreter();
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py::initialize_interpreter();
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bool ran = false;
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py::module_::import("__main__").attr("internals_destroy_test")
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= py::capsule(&ran, [](void *ran) {
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py::detail::get_internals();
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*static_cast<bool *>(ran) = true;
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});
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_builtin());
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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REQUIRE_FALSE(ran);
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py::finalize_interpreter();
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REQUIRE(ran);
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py::initialize_interpreter();
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_builtin());
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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// C++ modules can be reloaded.
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auto cpp_module = py::module_::import("widget_module");
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REQUIRE(cpp_module.attr("add")(1, 2).cast<int>() == 3);
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// C++ type information is reloaded and can be used in python modules.
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auto py_module = py::module_::import("test_interpreter");
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auto py_widget = py_module.attr("DerivedWidget")("Hello after restart");
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REQUIRE(py_widget.attr("the_message").cast<std::string>() == "Hello after restart");
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}
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TEST_CASE("Subinterpreter") {
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// Add tags to the modules in the main interpreter and test the basics.
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py::module_::import("__main__").attr("main_tag") = "main interpreter";
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{
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auto m = py::module_::import("widget_module");
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m.attr("extension_module_tag") = "added to module in main interpreter";
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REQUIRE(m.attr("add")(1, 2).cast<int>() == 3);
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}
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_builtin());
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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/// Create and switch to a subinterpreter.
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auto *main_tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
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auto *sub_tstate = Py_NewInterpreter();
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// Subinterpreters get their own copy of builtins. detail::get_internals() still
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// works by returning from the static variable, i.e. all interpreters share a single
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// global pybind11::internals;
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_builtin());
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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// Modules tags should be gone.
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REQUIRE_FALSE(py::hasattr(py::module_::import("__main__"), "tag"));
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{
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auto m = py::module_::import("widget_module");
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REQUIRE_FALSE(py::hasattr(m, "extension_module_tag"));
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// Function bindings should still work.
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REQUIRE(m.attr("add")(1, 2).cast<int>() == 3);
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}
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// Restore main interpreter.
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Py_EndInterpreter(sub_tstate);
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PyThreadState_Swap(main_tstate);
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REQUIRE(py::hasattr(py::module_::import("__main__"), "main_tag"));
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REQUIRE(py::hasattr(py::module_::import("widget_module"), "extension_module_tag"));
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}
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TEST_CASE("Execution frame") {
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// When the interpreter is embedded, there is no execution frame, but `py::exec`
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// should still function by using reasonable globals: `__main__.__dict__`.
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py::exec("var = dict(number=42)");
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REQUIRE(py::globals()["var"]["number"].cast<int>() == 42);
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}
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TEST_CASE("Threads") {
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// Restart interpreter to ensure threads are not initialized
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py::finalize_interpreter();
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py::initialize_interpreter();
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REQUIRE_FALSE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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constexpr auto num_threads = 10;
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auto locals = py::dict("count"_a = 0);
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{
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py::gil_scoped_release gil_release{};
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REQUIRE(has_pybind11_internals_static());
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auto threads = std::vector<std::thread>();
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for (auto i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i) {
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threads.emplace_back([&]() {
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py::gil_scoped_acquire gil{};
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locals["count"] = locals["count"].cast<int>() + 1;
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});
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}
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for (auto &thread : threads) {
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thread.join();
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}
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}
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REQUIRE(locals["count"].cast<int>() == num_threads);
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}
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// Scope exit utility https://stackoverflow.com/a/36644501/7255855
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struct scope_exit {
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std::function<void()> f_;
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explicit scope_exit(std::function<void()> f) noexcept : f_(std::move(f)) {}
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~scope_exit() {
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if (f_) {
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f_();
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}
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}
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};
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TEST_CASE("Reload module from file") {
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// Disable generation of cached bytecode (.pyc files) for this test, otherwise
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// Python might pick up an old version from the cache instead of the new versions
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// of the .py files generated below
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auto sys = py::module_::import("sys");
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bool dont_write_bytecode = sys.attr("dont_write_bytecode").cast<bool>();
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sys.attr("dont_write_bytecode") = true;
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// Reset the value at scope exit
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scope_exit reset_dont_write_bytecode(
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[&]() { sys.attr("dont_write_bytecode") = dont_write_bytecode; });
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std::string module_name = "test_module_reload";
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std::string module_file = module_name + ".py";
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// Create the module .py file
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std::ofstream test_module(module_file);
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test_module << "def test():\n";
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test_module << " return 1\n";
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test_module.close();
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// Delete the file at scope exit
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scope_exit delete_module_file([&]() { std::remove(module_file.c_str()); });
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// Import the module from file
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auto module_ = py::module_::import(module_name.c_str());
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int result = module_.attr("test")().cast<int>();
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REQUIRE(result == 1);
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// Update the module .py file with a small change
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test_module.open(module_file);
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test_module << "def test():\n";
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test_module << " return 2\n";
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test_module.close();
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// Reload the module
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module_.reload();
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result = module_.attr("test")().cast<int>();
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REQUIRE(result == 2);
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}
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TEST_CASE("sys.argv gets initialized properly") {
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py::finalize_interpreter();
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{
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py::scoped_interpreter default_scope;
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auto module = py::module::import("test_interpreter");
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auto py_widget = module.attr("DerivedWidget")("The question");
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const auto &cpp_widget = py_widget.cast<const Widget &>();
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REQUIRE(cpp_widget.argv0().empty());
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}
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{
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char *argv[] = {strdup("a.out")};
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py::scoped_interpreter argv_scope(true, 1, argv);
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std::free(argv[0]);
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auto module = py::module::import("test_interpreter");
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auto py_widget = module.attr("DerivedWidget")("The question");
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const auto &cpp_widget = py_widget.cast<const Widget &>();
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REQUIRE(cpp_widget.argv0() == "a.out");
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}
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py::initialize_interpreter();
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}
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TEST_CASE("make_iterator can be called before then after finalizing an interpreter") {
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// Reproduction of issue #2101 (https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/2101)
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py::finalize_interpreter();
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std::vector<int> container;
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{
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pybind11::scoped_interpreter g;
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auto iter = pybind11::make_iterator(container.begin(), container.end());
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}
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REQUIRE_NOTHROW([&]() {
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pybind11::scoped_interpreter g;
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auto iter = pybind11::make_iterator(container.begin(), container.end());
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}());
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py::initialize_interpreter();
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}
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