mirror of https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt.git
95 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
95 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Modules
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description: 'Learn how to migrate from Nuxt 2 to Nuxt 3 modules.'
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---
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## Module Compatibility
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Nuxt 3 has a basic backward compatibility layer for Nuxt 2 modules using `@nuxt/kit` auto wrappers. But there are usually steps to follow to make modules compatible with Nuxt 3 and sometimes, using Nuxt Bridge is required for cross-version compatibility.
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We have prepared a [Dedicated Guide](/docs/guide/going-further/modules) for authoring Nuxt 3 ready modules using `@nuxt/kit`. Currently best migration path is to follow it and rewrite your modules. Rest of this guide includes preparation steps if you prefer to avoid a full rewrite yet making modules compatible with Nuxt 3.
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::tip{icon="i-ph-puzzle-piece-duotone" to="/modules"}
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Explore Nuxt 3 compatible modules.
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::
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### Plugin Compatibility
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Nuxt 3 plugins are **not** fully backward compatible with Nuxt 2.
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:read-more{to="/docs/guide/directory-structure/plugins"}
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### Vue Compatibility
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Plugins or components using the Composition API need exclusive Vue 2 or Vue 3 support.
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By using [vue-demi](https://github.com/vueuse/vue-demi) they should be compatible with both Nuxt 2 and 3.
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## Module Migration
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When Nuxt 3 users add your module, you will not have access to the module container (`this.*`) so you will need to use utilities from `@nuxt/kit` to access the container functionality.
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### Test with `@nuxt/bridge`
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Migrating to `@nuxt/bridge` is the first and most important step for supporting Nuxt 3.
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If you have a fixture or example in your module, add `@nuxt/bridge` package to its config (see [example](/docs/bridge/overview#update-nuxtconfig))
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### Migrate from CommonJS to ESM
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Nuxt 3 natively supports TypeScript and ECMAScript Modules. Please check [Native ES Modules](/docs/guide/concepts/esm) for more info and upgrading.
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### Ensure Plugins Default Export
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If you inject a Nuxt plugin that does not have `export default` (such as global Vue plugins), ensure you add `export default () => { }` to the end of it.
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::code-group
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```js [Before]
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// ~/plugins/vuelidate.js
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import Vue from 'vue'
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import Vuelidate from 'vuelidate'
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Vue.use(Vuelidate)
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```
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```js [After]
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// ~/plugins/vuelidate.js
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import Vue from 'vue'
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import Vuelidate from 'vuelidate'
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Vue.use(Vuelidate)
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export default () => { }
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```
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::
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### Avoid Runtime Modules
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With Nuxt 3, Nuxt is now a build-time-only dependency, which means that modules shouldn't attempt to hook into the Nuxt runtime.
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Your module should work even if it's only added to [`buildModules`](/docs/api/nuxt-config#runtimeconfig) (instead of `modules`). For example:
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- Avoid updating `process.env` within a Nuxt module and reading by a Nuxt plugin; use [`runtimeConfig`](/docs/api/nuxt-config#runtimeconfig) instead.
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- (*) Avoid depending on runtime hooks like `vue-renderer:*` for production
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- (*) Avoid adding `serverMiddleware` by importing them inside the module. Instead, add them by referencing a file path so that they are independent of the module's context
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(*) Unless it is for `nuxt dev` purpose only and guarded with `if (nuxt.options.dev) { }`.
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::tip
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Continue reading about Nuxt 3 modules in the [Modules Author Guide](/docs/guide/going-further/modules).
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::
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### Use TypeScript (Optional)
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While it is not essential, most of the Nuxt ecosystem is shifting to use TypeScript, so it is highly recommended to consider migration.
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::tip
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You can start migration by renaming `.js` files, to `.ts`. TypeScript is designed to be progressive!
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::
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::tip
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You can use TypeScript syntax for Nuxt 2 and 3 modules and plugins without any extra dependencies.
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::
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