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78 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
78 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
# How Nuxt Works?
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Nuxt is a minimal but highly customizable framework to build web applications. This guide helps you better understand Nuxt internals to develop new solutions and module integrations on top of Nuxt.
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## The Nuxt interface
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When you start nuxt in development mode with `nuxi dev` or building a production application with `nuxi build`,
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a common context will be created, referred to as `nuxt` internally. It holds normalized options merged with `nuxt.config` file,
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some internal state, and a powerful [hooking system](/api/advanced/hooks) powered by [unjs/hookable](https://github.com/unjs/hookable)
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allowing different components to communicate with each other. You can think of it as **Builder Core**.
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This context is globally available to be used with [nuxt/kit](/api/advanced/kit) composables.
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Therefore only one instance of Nuxt is allowed to run per process.
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To extend the Nuxt interface and hook into different stages of the build process, we can use [Nuxt Modules](/guide/going-further/modules).
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For more details, check out [the source code](https://github.com/nuxt/framework/blob/main/packages/nuxt3/src/core/nuxt.ts).
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## The NuxtApp interface
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When rendering a page in the browser or on the server, a shared context will be created, referred to as `nuxtApp`.
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This context keeps vue instance, runtime hooks, and internal states like ssrContext and payload for hydration.
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You can think of it as **Runtime Core**.
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This context can be accessed using `useNuxtApp()` composable within nuxt plugins and `<script setup>` and vue composables.
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Global usage is possible for the browser but not on the server, to avoid sharing context between users.
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To extend the `nuxtApp` interface and hook into different stages or access contexts, we can use [Nuxt Plugins](/guide/directory-structure/plugins).
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Check [Nuxt App](/api/composables/use-nuxt-app) for more information about this interface.
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`nuxtApp` has the following properties:
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Note: this is an internal interface, and some properties might change until stable release.
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```js
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const nuxtApp = {
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vueApp, // the global Vue application: https://vuejs.org/api/application.html#application-api
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// These let you call and add runtime NuxtApp hooks
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// https://github.com/nuxt/framework/blob/main/packages/nuxt3/src/app/nuxt.ts#L18
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hooks,
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hook,
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callHook,
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// Only accessible on server-side
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ssrContext: {
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url,
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req,
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res,
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runtimeConfig,
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noSSR,
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},
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// This will be stringified and passed from server to client
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payload: {
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serverRendered: true,
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data: {},
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state: {}
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}
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provide: (name: string, value: any) => void
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}
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```
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For more details, check out [the source code](https://github.com/nuxt/framework/blob/main/packages/nuxt3/src/app/nuxt.ts).
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## Runtime Context vs. Build Context
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Nuxt builds and bundles project using Node.js but also has a runtime side.
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While both areas can be extended, that runtime context is isolated from build-time. Therefore, they are not supposed to share state, code, or context other than runtime configuration!
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`nuxt.config` and [Nuxt Modules](/guide/going-further/modules) can be used to extend the build context, and [Nuxt Plugins](/guide/directory-structure/plugins) can be used to extend runtime.
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When building an application for production, `nuxi build` will generate a standalone build
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in the `.output` directory, independent of `nuxt.config` and [Nuxt modules](/guide/going-further/modules).
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