chore: move to Ruff and add rules (#4483)

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -39,19 +39,6 @@ repos:
   - id: requirements-txt-fixer
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
-# Upgrade old Python syntax
-- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: "v3.3.1"
-  hooks:
-  - id: pyupgrade
-    args: [--py36-plus]
-
-# Nicely sort includes
-- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
-  rev: "5.12.0"
-  hooks:
-  - id: isort
-
 # Black, the code formatter, natively supports pre-commit
 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
   rev: "23.1.0" # Keep in sync with blacken-docs
@@ -72,47 +59,28 @@ repos:
   hooks:
   - id: remove-tabs
 
+# Avoid directional quotes
 - repo: https://github.com/sirosen/texthooks
   rev: "0.5.0"
   hooks:
   - id: fix-ligatures
   - id: fix-smartquotes
 
-# Autoremoves unused imports
+# Ruff, the Python auto-correcting linter written in Rust
-- repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln
+- repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: "v2.1.3"
+  rev: v0.0.251
   hooks:
-  - id: pycln
+  - id: ruff
-    stages: [manual]
+    args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
 
 # Checking for common mistakes
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
   rev: "v1.10.0"
   hooks:
-  - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
-  - id: python-check-blanket-type-ignore
-  - id: python-no-log-warn
-  - id: python-use-type-annotations
   - id: rst-backticks
   - id: rst-directive-colons
   - id: rst-inline-touching-normal
 
-# Automatically remove noqa that are not used
-- repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
-  rev: "v1.4.0"
-  hooks:
-  - id: yesqa
-    additional_dependencies: &flake8_dependencies
-      - flake8-bugbear
-      - pep8-naming
-
-# Flake8 also supports pre-commit natively (same author)
-- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-  rev: "6.0.0"
-  hooks:
-  - id: flake8
-    exclude: ^(docs/.*|tools/.*)$
-    additional_dependencies: *flake8_dependencies
 
 # PyLint has native support - not always usable, but works for us
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint

docs/conf.py

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ def prepare(app):
         f.write(contents)
 
 
-def clean_up(app, exception):
+def clean_up(app, exception):  # noqa: ARG001
     (DIR / "readme.rst").unlink()
 
 

pybind11/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sys
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 6):
+if sys.version_info < (3, 6):  # noqa: UP036
     msg = "pybind11 does not support Python < 3.6. 2.9 was the last release supporting Python 2.7 and 3.5."
     raise ImportError(msg)
 

pybind11/commands.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import os
 DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
 
-def get_include(user: bool = False) -> str:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def get_include(user: bool = False) -> str:  # noqa: ARG001
     """
     Return the path to the pybind11 include directory. The historical "user"
     argument is unused, and may be removed.

pybind11/setup_helpers.py

@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ def naive_recompile(obj: str, src: str) -> bool:
     return os.stat(obj).st_mtime < os.stat(src).st_mtime
 
 
-def no_recompile(obg: str, src: str) -> bool:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def no_recompile(obg: str, src: str) -> bool:  # noqa: ARG001
     """
     This is the safest but slowest choice (and is the default) - will always
     recompile sources.

pyproject.toml

@@ -15,12 +15,6 @@ ignore = [
     "noxfile.py",
 ]
 
-[tool.isort]
-# Needs the compiled .so modules and env.py from tests
-known_first_party = "env,pybind11_cross_module_tests,pybind11_tests,"
-# For black compatibility
-profile = "black"
-
 [tool.mypy]
 files = ["pybind11"]
 python_version = "3.6"
@@ -58,4 +52,44 @@ messages_control.disable = [
   "invalid-name",
   "protected-access",
   "missing-module-docstring",
+  "unused-argument",  # covered by Ruff ARG
 ]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+select = [
+  "E", "F", "W", # flake8
+  "B",  "B904",  # flake8-bugbear
+  "I",           # isort
+  "N",           # pep8-naming
+  "ARG",         # flake8-unused-arguments
+  "C4",          # flake8-comprehensions
+  "EM",          # flake8-errmsg
+  "ICN",         # flake8-import-conventions
+  "ISC",         # flake8-implicit-str-concat
+  "PGH",         # pygrep-hooks
+  "PIE",         # flake8-pie
+  "PL",          # pylint
+  "PT",          # flake8-pytest-style
+  "RET",         # flake8-return
+  "RUF100",      # Ruff-specific
+  "SIM",         # flake8-simplify
+  "UP",          # pyupgrade
+  "YTT",         # flake8-2020
+]
+ignore = [
+  "PLR",   # Design related pylint
+  "E501",  # Line too long (Black is enough)
+  "PT011", # Too broad with raises in pytest
+  "PT004", # Fixture that doesn't return needs underscore (no, it is fine)
+  "SIM118",# iter(x) is not always the same as iter(x.keys())
+]
+target-version = "py37"
+typing-modules = ["scikit_build_core._compat.typing"]
+src = ["src"]
+unfixable = ["T20"]
+exclude = []
+line-length = 120
+isort.known-first-party = ["env", "pybind11_cross_module_tests", "pybind11_tests"]
+
+[tool.ruff.per-file-ignores]
+"tests/**" = ["EM", "N"]

setup.cfg

@@ -40,11 +40,3 @@ project_urls =
 [options]
 python_requires = >=3.6
 zip_safe = False
-
-
-[flake8]
-max-line-length = 120
-show_source = True
-exclude = .git, __pycache__, build, dist, docs, tools, venv
-extend-ignore = E203, E722
-extend-select = B902, B904

tests/conftest.py

@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ class Output:
         b = _strip_and_dedent(other).splitlines()
         if a == b:
             return True
-        else:
         self.explanation = _make_explanation(a, b)
         return False
 
@@ -96,7 +95,6 @@ class Unordered(Output):
         b = _split_and_sort(other)
         if a == b:
             return True
-        else:
         self.explanation = _make_explanation(a, b)
         return False
 
@@ -119,7 +117,6 @@ class Capture:
         b = other
         if a == b:
             return True
-        else:
         self.explanation = a.explanation
         return False
 
@@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ class Capture:
         return Output(self.err)
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture()
 def capture(capsys):
     """Extended `capsys` with context manager and custom equality operators"""
     return Capture(capsys)
@@ -159,7 +156,6 @@ class SanitizedString:
         b = _strip_and_dedent(other)
         if a == b:
             return True
-        else:
         self.explanation = _make_explanation(a.splitlines(), b.splitlines())
         return False
 
@@ -167,17 +163,15 @@ class SanitizedString:
 def _sanitize_general(s):
     s = s.strip()
     s = s.replace("pybind11_tests.", "m.")
-    s = _long_marker.sub(r"\1", s)
+    return _long_marker.sub(r"\1", s)
-    return s
 
 
 def _sanitize_docstring(thing):
     s = thing.__doc__
-    s = _sanitize_general(s)
+    return _sanitize_general(s)
-    return s
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture()
 def doc():
     """Sanitize docstrings and add custom failure explanation"""
     return SanitizedString(_sanitize_docstring)
@@ -186,30 +180,20 @@ def doc():
 def _sanitize_message(thing):
     s = str(thing)
     s = _sanitize_general(s)
-    s = _hexadecimal.sub("0", s)
+    return _hexadecimal.sub("0", s)
-    return s
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture()
 def msg():
     """Sanitize messages and add custom failure explanation"""
     return SanitizedString(_sanitize_message)
 
 
-# noinspection PyUnusedLocal
+def pytest_assertrepr_compare(op, left, right):  # noqa: ARG001
-def pytest_assertrepr_compare(op, left, right):
     """Hook to insert custom failure explanation"""
     if hasattr(left, "explanation"):
         return left.explanation
-
+    return None
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def suppress(exception):
-    """Suppress the desired exception"""
-    try:
-        yield
-    except exception:
-        pass
 
 
 def gc_collect():
@@ -220,7 +204,7 @@ def gc_collect():
 
 
 def pytest_configure():
-    pytest.suppress = suppress
+    pytest.suppress = contextlib.suppress
     pytest.gc_collect = gc_collect
 
 

tests/env.py

@@ -24,5 +24,4 @@ def deprecated_call():
     pytest_major_minor = (int(pieces[0]), int(pieces[1]))
     if pytest_major_minor < (3, 9):
         return pytest.warns((DeprecationWarning, PendingDeprecationWarning))
-    else:
     return pytest.deprecated_call()

tests/test_async.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ asyncio = pytest.importorskip("asyncio")
 m = pytest.importorskip("pybind11_tests.async_module")
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture()
 def event_loop():
     loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
     yield loop
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ async def get_await_result(x):
 
 
 def test_await(event_loop):
-    assert 5 == event_loop.run_until_complete(get_await_result(m.SupportsAsync()))
+    assert event_loop.run_until_complete(get_await_result(m.SupportsAsync())) == 5
 
 
 def test_await_missing(event_loop):

tests/test_buffers.py

@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ def test_to_python():
     mat2 = np.array(mat, copy=False)
     assert mat2.shape == (5, 4)
     assert abs(mat2).sum() == 11
-    assert mat2[2, 3] == 4 and mat2[3, 2] == 7
+    assert mat2[2, 3] == 4
+    assert mat2[3, 2] == 7
     mat2[2, 3] = 5
     assert mat2[2, 3] == 5
 

tests/test_builtin_casters.py

@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ def test_bytes_to_string():
 
     assert m.strlen(b"hi") == 2
     assert m.string_length(b"world") == 5
-    assert m.string_length("a\x00b".encode()) == 3
+    assert m.string_length(b"a\x00b") == 3
-    assert m.strlen("a\x00b".encode()) == 1  # C-string limitation
+    assert m.strlen(b"a\x00b") == 1  # C-string limitation
 
     # passing in a utf8 encoded string should work
     assert m.string_length("💩".encode()) == 4
@@ -421,13 +421,15 @@ def test_reference_wrapper():
     a2 = m.refwrap_list(copy=True)
     assert [x.value for x in a1] == [2, 3]
     assert [x.value for x in a2] == [2, 3]
-    assert not a1[0] is a2[0] and not a1[1] is a2[1]
+    assert a1[0] is not a2[0]
+    assert a1[1] is not a2[1]
 
     b1 = m.refwrap_list(copy=False)
     b2 = m.refwrap_list(copy=False)
     assert [x.value for x in b1] == [1, 2]
     assert [x.value for x in b2] == [1, 2]
-    assert b1[0] is b2[0] and b1[1] is b2[1]
+    assert b1[0] is b2[0]
+    assert b1[1] is b2[1]
 
     assert m.refwrap_iiw(IncType(5)) == 5
     assert m.refwrap_call_iiw(IncType(10), m.refwrap_iiw) == [10, 10, 10, 10]

tests/test_class.py

@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ from pybind11_tests import class_ as m
 
 
 def test_obj_class_name():
-    if env.PYPY:
+    expected_name = "UserType" if env.PYPY else "pybind11_tests.UserType"
-        expected_name = "UserType"
-    else:
-        expected_name = "pybind11_tests.UserType"
     assert m.obj_class_name(UserType(1)) == expected_name
     assert m.obj_class_name(UserType) == expected_name
 
@@ -32,7 +29,7 @@ def test_instance(msg):
     assert cstats.alive() == 0
 
 
-def test_instance_new(msg):
+def test_instance_new():
     instance = m.NoConstructorNew()  # .__new__(m.NoConstructor.__class__)
     cstats = ConstructorStats.get(m.NoConstructorNew)
     assert cstats.alive() == 1
@@ -221,7 +218,7 @@ def test_automatic_upcasting():
 
 
 def test_isinstance():
-    objects = [tuple(), dict(), m.Pet("Polly", "parrot")] + [m.Dog("Molly")] * 4
+    objects = [(), {}, m.Pet("Polly", "parrot")] + [m.Dog("Molly")] * 4
     expected = (True, True, True, True, True, False, False)
     assert m.check_instances(objects) == expected
 
@@ -427,7 +424,7 @@ def test_exception_rvalue_abort():
 
 
 # https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/1568
-def test_multiple_instances_with_same_pointer(capture):
+def test_multiple_instances_with_same_pointer():
     n = 100
     instances = [m.SamePointer() for _ in range(n)]
     for i in range(n):

tests/test_const_name.py

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ import pytest
 from pybind11_tests import const_name as m
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("func", (m.const_name_tests, m.underscore_tests))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("func", [m.const_name_tests, m.underscore_tests])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "selector, expected",
+    ("selector", "expected"),
     enumerate(
         (
             "",

tests/test_custom_type_casters.py

@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ def test_custom_caster_destruction():
     cstats = m.destruction_tester_cstats()
     # This one *doesn't* have take_ownership: the pointer should be used but not destroyed:
     z = m.custom_caster_no_destroy()
-    assert cstats.alive() == 1 and cstats.default_constructions == 1
+    assert cstats.alive() == 1
+    assert cstats.default_constructions == 1
     assert z
 
     # take_ownership applied: this constructs a new object, casts it, then destroys it:

tests/test_custom_type_setup.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import env  # noqa: F401
 from pybind11_tests import custom_type_setup as m
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture()
 def gc_tester():
     """Tests that an object is garbage collected.
 

tests/test_eigen_matrix.py

@@ -263,79 +263,96 @@ def test_eigen_return_references():
     primary = np.ones((10, 10))
     a = m.ReturnTester()
     a_get1 = a.get()
-    assert not a_get1.flags.owndata and a_get1.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_get1.flags.owndata
+    assert a_get1.flags.writeable
     assign_both(a_get1, primary, 3, 3, 5)
     a_get2 = a.get_ptr()
-    assert not a_get2.flags.owndata and a_get2.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_get2.flags.owndata
+    assert a_get2.flags.writeable
     assign_both(a_get1, primary, 2, 3, 6)
 
     a_view1 = a.view()
-    assert not a_view1.flags.owndata and not a_view1.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_view1.flags.owndata
+    assert not a_view1.flags.writeable
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         a_view1[2, 3] = 4
     a_view2 = a.view_ptr()
-    assert not a_view2.flags.owndata and not a_view2.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_view2.flags.owndata
+    assert not a_view2.flags.writeable
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         a_view2[2, 3] = 4
 
     a_copy1 = a.copy_get()
-    assert a_copy1.flags.owndata and a_copy1.flags.writeable
+    assert a_copy1.flags.owndata
+    assert a_copy1.flags.writeable
     np.testing.assert_array_equal(a_copy1, primary)
     a_copy1[7, 7] = -44  # Shouldn't affect anything else
     c1want = array_copy_but_one(primary, 7, 7, -44)
     a_copy2 = a.copy_view()
-    assert a_copy2.flags.owndata and a_copy2.flags.writeable
+    assert a_copy2.flags.owndata
+    assert a_copy2.flags.writeable
     np.testing.assert_array_equal(a_copy2, primary)
     a_copy2[4, 4] = -22  # Shouldn't affect anything else
     c2want = array_copy_but_one(primary, 4, 4, -22)
 
     a_ref1 = a.ref()
-    assert not a_ref1.flags.owndata and a_ref1.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_ref1.flags.owndata
+    assert a_ref1.flags.writeable
     assign_both(a_ref1, primary, 1, 1, 15)
     a_ref2 = a.ref_const()
-    assert not a_ref2.flags.owndata and not a_ref2.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_ref2.flags.owndata
+    assert not a_ref2.flags.writeable
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         a_ref2[5, 5] = 33
     a_ref3 = a.ref_safe()
-    assert not a_ref3.flags.owndata and a_ref3.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_ref3.flags.owndata
+    assert a_ref3.flags.writeable
     assign_both(a_ref3, primary, 0, 7, 99)
     a_ref4 = a.ref_const_safe()
-    assert not a_ref4.flags.owndata and not a_ref4.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_ref4.flags.owndata
+    assert not a_ref4.flags.writeable
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         a_ref4[7, 0] = 987654321
 
     a_copy3 = a.copy_ref()
-    assert a_copy3.flags.owndata and a_copy3.flags.writeable
+    assert a_copy3.flags.owndata
+    assert a_copy3.flags.writeable
     np.testing.assert_array_equal(a_copy3, primary)
     a_copy3[8, 1] = 11
     c3want = array_copy_but_one(primary, 8, 1, 11)
     a_copy4 = a.copy_ref_const()
-    assert a_copy4.flags.owndata and a_copy4.flags.writeable
+    assert a_copy4.flags.owndata
+    assert a_copy4.flags.writeable
     np.testing.assert_array_equal(a_copy4, primary)
     a_copy4[8, 4] = 88
     c4want = array_copy_but_one(primary, 8, 4, 88)
 
     a_block1 = a.block(3, 3, 2, 2)
-    assert not a_block1.flags.owndata and a_block1.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_block1.flags.owndata
+    assert a_block1.flags.writeable
     a_block1[0, 0] = 55
     primary[3, 3] = 55
     a_block2 = a.block_safe(2, 2, 3, 2)
-    assert not a_block2.flags.owndata and a_block2.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_block2.flags.owndata
+    assert a_block2.flags.writeable
     a_block2[2, 1] = -123
     primary[4, 3] = -123
     a_block3 = a.block_const(6, 7, 4, 3)
-    assert not a_block3.flags.owndata and not a_block3.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_block3.flags.owndata
+    assert not a_block3.flags.writeable
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         a_block3[2, 2] = -44444
 
     a_copy5 = a.copy_block(2, 2, 2, 3)
-    assert a_copy5.flags.owndata and a_copy5.flags.writeable
+    assert a_copy5.flags.owndata
+    assert a_copy5.flags.writeable
     np.testing.assert_array_equal(a_copy5, primary[2:4, 2:5])
     a_copy5[1, 1] = 777
     c5want = array_copy_but_one(primary[2:4, 2:5], 1, 1, 777)
 
     a_corn1 = a.corners()
-    assert not a_corn1.flags.owndata and a_corn1.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_corn1.flags.owndata
+    assert a_corn1.flags.writeable
     a_corn1 *= 50
     a_corn1[1, 1] = 999
     primary[0, 0] = 50
@@ -343,7 +360,8 @@ def test_eigen_return_references():
     primary[9, 0] = 50
     primary[9, 9] = 999
     a_corn2 = a.corners_const()
-    assert not a_corn2.flags.owndata and not a_corn2.flags.writeable
+    assert not a_corn2.flags.owndata
+    assert not a_corn2.flags.writeable
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         a_corn2[1, 0] = 51
 
@@ -503,10 +521,14 @@ def test_numpy_ref_mutators():
 
     assert [zc[1, 2], zcro[1, 2], zr[1, 2], zrro[1, 2]] == [23] * 4
 
-    assert not zc.flags.owndata and zc.flags.writeable
+    assert not zc.flags.owndata
-    assert not zr.flags.owndata and zr.flags.writeable
+    assert zc.flags.writeable
-    assert not zcro.flags.owndata and not zcro.flags.writeable
+    assert not zr.flags.owndata
-    assert not zrro.flags.owndata and not zrro.flags.writeable
+    assert zr.flags.writeable
+    assert not zcro.flags.owndata
+    assert not zcro.flags.writeable
+    assert not zrro.flags.owndata
+    assert not zrro.flags.writeable
 
     zc[1, 2] = 99
     expect = np.array([[11.0, 12, 13], [21, 22, 99], [31, 32, 33]])
@@ -530,7 +552,8 @@ def test_numpy_ref_mutators():
     # the const should drop away)
     y1 = np.array(m.get_cm_const_ref())
 
-    assert y1.flags.owndata and y1.flags.writeable
+    assert y1.flags.owndata
+    assert y1.flags.writeable
     # We should get copies of the eigen data, which was modified above:
     assert y1[1, 2] == 99
     y1[1, 2] += 12
@@ -603,38 +626,38 @@ def test_nocopy_wrapper():
     # All but the second should fail with m.get_elem_nocopy:
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
         m.get_elem_nocopy(int_matrix_colmajor)
-    assert "get_elem_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(
+    assert "get_elem_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(excinfo.value)
-        excinfo.value
+    assert ", flags.f_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
-    ) and ", flags.f_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
     assert m.get_elem_nocopy(dbl_matrix_colmajor) == 8
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
         m.get_elem_nocopy(int_matrix_rowmajor)
-    assert "get_elem_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(
+    assert "get_elem_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(excinfo.value)
-        excinfo.value
+    assert ", flags.f_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
-    ) and ", flags.f_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
         m.get_elem_nocopy(dbl_matrix_rowmajor)
-    assert "get_elem_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(
+    assert "get_elem_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(excinfo.value)
-        excinfo.value
+    assert ", flags.f_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
-    ) and ", flags.f_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
 
     # For the row-major test, we take a long matrix in row-major, so only the third is allowed:
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
         m.get_elem_rm_nocopy(int_matrix_colmajor)
     assert "get_elem_rm_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(
         excinfo.value
-    ) and ", flags.c_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
+    )
+    assert ", flags.c_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
         m.get_elem_rm_nocopy(dbl_matrix_colmajor)
     assert "get_elem_rm_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(
         excinfo.value
-    ) and ", flags.c_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
+    )
+    assert ", flags.c_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
     assert m.get_elem_rm_nocopy(int_matrix_rowmajor) == 8
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
         m.get_elem_rm_nocopy(dbl_matrix_rowmajor)
     assert "get_elem_rm_nocopy(): incompatible function arguments." in str(
         excinfo.value
-    ) and ", flags.c_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
+    )
+    assert ", flags.c_contiguous" in str(excinfo.value)
 
 
 def test_eigen_ref_life_support():

tests/test_eigen_tensor.py

@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ try:
     submodules += [avoid.c_style, avoid.f_style]
 except ImportError as e:
     # Ensure config, build, toolchain, etc. issues are not masked here:
-    raise RuntimeError(
+    msg = (
         "import eigen_tensor_avoid_stl_array FAILED, while "
         "import pybind11_tests.eigen_tensor succeeded. "
         "Please ensure that "
         "test_eigen_tensor.cpp & "
         "eigen_tensor_avoid_stl_array.cpp "
         "are built together (or both are not built if Eigen is not available)."
-    ) from e
+    )
+    raise RuntimeError(msg) from e
 
 tensor_ref = np.empty((3, 5, 2), dtype=np.int64)
 
@@ -147,10 +148,7 @@ def test_bad_python_to_cpp_casts(m):
         m.round_trip_tensor_noconvert(tensor_ref.astype(np.float64))
     )
 
-    if m.needed_options == "F":
+    bad_options = "C" if m.needed_options == "F" else "F"
-        bad_options = "C"
-    else:
-        bad_options = "F"
     # Shape, dtype and the order need to be correct for a TensorMap cast
     with pytest.raises(
         TypeError, match=r"^round_trip_view_tensor\(\): incompatible function arguments"
@@ -173,19 +171,19 @@ def test_bad_python_to_cpp_casts(m):
             np.zeros((3, 5), dtype=np.float64, order=m.needed_options)
         )
 
+    temp = np.zeros((3, 5, 2), dtype=np.float64, order=m.needed_options)
     with pytest.raises(
         TypeError, match=r"^round_trip_view_tensor\(\): incompatible function arguments"
     ):
-        temp = np.zeros((3, 5, 2), dtype=np.float64, order=m.needed_options)
         m.round_trip_view_tensor(
             temp[:, ::-1, :],
         )
 
+    temp = np.zeros((3, 5, 2), dtype=np.float64, order=m.needed_options)
+    temp.setflags(write=False)
     with pytest.raises(
         TypeError, match=r"^round_trip_view_tensor\(\): incompatible function arguments"
     ):
-        temp = np.zeros((3, 5, 2), dtype=np.float64, order=m.needed_options)
-        temp.setflags(write=False)
         m.round_trip_view_tensor(temp)
 
 
@@ -282,9 +280,9 @@ def test_doc_string(m, doc):
     order_flag = f"flags.{m.needed_options.lower()}_contiguous"
     assert doc(m.round_trip_view_tensor) == (
         f"round_trip_view_tensor(arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64[?, ?, ?], flags.writeable, {order_flag}])"
-        + f" -> numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64[?, ?, ?], flags.writeable, {order_flag}]"
+        f" -> numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64[?, ?, ?], flags.writeable, {order_flag}]"
     )
     assert doc(m.round_trip_const_view_tensor) == (
         f"round_trip_const_view_tensor(arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64[?, ?, ?], {order_flag}])"
-        + " -> numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64[?, ?, ?]]"
+        " -> numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64[?, ?, ?]]"
     )

tests/test_enum.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# ruff: noqa: SIM201 SIM300 SIM202
+
 import pytest
 
 from pybind11_tests import enums as m

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ def ignore_pytest_unraisable_warning(f):
     if hasattr(pytest, unraisable):  # Python >= 3.8 and pytest >= 6
         dec = pytest.mark.filterwarnings(f"ignore::pytest.{unraisable}")
         return dec(f)
-    else:
     return f
 
 
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ def test_custom(msg):
         m.throws5_1()
     assert msg(excinfo.value) == "MyException5 subclass"
 
-    with pytest.raises(m.MyException5) as excinfo:
+    with pytest.raises(m.MyException5) as excinfo:  # noqa: PT012
         try:
             m.throws5()
         except m.MyException5_1 as err:
@@ -212,7 +211,7 @@ def test_nested_throws(capture):
         m.try_catch(m.MyException5, throw_myex)
     assert str(excinfo.value) == "nested error"
 
-    def pycatch(exctype, f, *args):
+    def pycatch(exctype, f, *args):  # noqa: ARG001
         try:
             f(*args)
         except m.MyException as e:
@@ -303,12 +302,12 @@ class FlakyException(Exception):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "exc_type, exc_value, expected_what",
+    ("exc_type", "exc_value", "expected_what"),
-    (
+    [
         (ValueError, "plain_str", "ValueError: plain_str"),
         (ValueError, ("tuple_elem",), "ValueError: tuple_elem"),
         (FlakyException, ("happy",), "FlakyException: FlakyException.__str__"),
-    ),
+    ],
 )
 def test_error_already_set_what_with_happy_exceptions(
     exc_type, exc_value, expected_what
@@ -342,10 +341,7 @@ def test_flaky_exception_failure_point_str():
     )
     assert not py_err_set_after_what
     lines = what.splitlines()
-    if env.PYPY and len(lines) == 3:
+    n = 3 if env.PYPY and len(lines) == 3 else 5
-        n = 3  # Traceback is missing.
-    else:
-        n = 5
     assert (
         lines[:n]
         == [

tests/test_factory_constructors.py

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def test_init_factory_signature(msg):
         3. __init__(self: m.factory_constructors.TestFactory1, arg0: m.factory_constructors.tag.pointer_tag) -> None
 
         4. __init__(self: m.factory_constructors.TestFactory1, arg0: handle, arg1: int, arg2: handle) -> None
-    """  # noqa: E501 line too long
+    """
     )
 
 

tests/test_gil_scoped.py

@@ -148,10 +148,7 @@ ALL_BASIC_TESTS_PLUS_INTENTIONAL_DEADLOCK = ALL_BASIC_TESTS + (_intentional_dead
 
 
 def _run_in_process(target, *args, **kwargs):
-    if len(args) == 0:
+    test_fn = target if len(args) == 0 else args[0]
-        test_fn = target
-    else:
-        test_fn = args[0]
     # Do not need to wait much, 10s should be more than enough.
     timeout = 0.1 if test_fn is _intentional_deadlock else 10
     process = multiprocessing.Process(target=target, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
@@ -178,7 +175,8 @@ def _run_in_process(target, *args, **kwargs):
         elif test_fn is _intentional_deadlock:
             assert process.exitcode is None
             return 0
-        elif process.exitcode is None:
+
+        if process.exitcode is None:
             assert t_delta > 0.9 * timeout
             msg = "DEADLOCK, most likely, exactly what this test is meant to detect."
             if env.PYPY and env.WIN:

tests/test_iostream.py

@@ -224,8 +224,7 @@ def test_redirect(capfd):
     assert stream.getvalue() == ""
 
     stream = StringIO()
-    with redirect_stdout(stream):
+    with redirect_stdout(stream), m.ostream_redirect():
-        with m.ostream_redirect():
         m.raw_output(msg)
     stdout, stderr = capfd.readouterr()
     assert stdout == ""
@@ -244,8 +243,7 @@ def test_redirect_err(capfd):
     msg2 = "StdErr"
 
     stream = StringIO()
-    with redirect_stderr(stream):
+    with redirect_stderr(stream), m.ostream_redirect(stdout=False):
-        with m.ostream_redirect(stdout=False):
         m.raw_output(msg)
         m.raw_err(msg2)
     stdout, stderr = capfd.readouterr()
@@ -260,9 +258,7 @@ def test_redirect_both(capfd):
 
     stream = StringIO()
     stream2 = StringIO()
-    with redirect_stdout(stream):
+    with redirect_stdout(stream), redirect_stderr(stream2), m.ostream_redirect():
-        with redirect_stderr(stream2):
-            with m.ostream_redirect():
         m.raw_output(msg)
         m.raw_err(msg2)
     stdout, stderr = capfd.readouterr()

tests/test_kwargs_and_defaults.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_function_signatures(doc):
     )
 
 
-def test_named_arguments(msg):
+def test_named_arguments():
     assert m.kw_func0(5, 10) == "x=5, y=10"
 
     assert m.kw_func1(5, 10) == "x=5, y=10"
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ def test_named_arguments(msg):
         # noinspection PyArgumentList
         m.kw_func2(x=5, y=10, z=12)
     assert excinfo.match(
-        r"(?s)^kw_func2\(\): incompatible.*Invoked with: kwargs: ((x=5|y=10|z=12)(, |$))"
+        r"(?s)^kw_func2\(\): incompatible.*Invoked with: kwargs: ((x=5|y=10|z=12)(, |$)){3}$"
-        + "{3}$"
     )
 
     assert m.kw_func4() == "{13 17}"
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ def test_arg_and_kwargs():
     assert m.args_function(*args) == args
 
     args = "a1", "a2"
-    kwargs = dict(arg3="a3", arg4=4)
+    kwargs = {"arg3": "a3", "arg4": 4}
     assert m.args_kwargs_function(*args, **kwargs) == (args, kwargs)
 
 
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ def test_mixed_args_and_kwargs(msg):
 
     assert (
         m.args_kwonly_kwargs_defaults.__doc__
-        == "args_kwonly_kwargs_defaults(i: int = 1, j: float = 3.14159, *args, z: int = 42, **kwargs) -> tuple\n"  # noqa: E501 line too long
+        == "args_kwonly_kwargs_defaults(i: int = 1, j: float = 3.14159, *args, z: int = 42, **kwargs) -> tuple\n"
     )
     assert m.args_kwonly_kwargs_defaults() == (1, 3.14159, (), 42, {})
     assert m.args_kwonly_kwargs_defaults(2) == (2, 3.14159, (), 42, {})
@@ -233,15 +232,15 @@ def test_keyword_only_args(msg):
     x.method(i=1, j=2)
     assert (
         m.first_arg_kw_only.__init__.__doc__
-        == "__init__(self: pybind11_tests.kwargs_and_defaults.first_arg_kw_only, *, i: int = 0) -> None\n"  # noqa: E501 line too long
+        == "__init__(self: pybind11_tests.kwargs_and_defaults.first_arg_kw_only, *, i: int = 0) -> None\n"
     )
     assert (
         m.first_arg_kw_only.method.__doc__
-        == "method(self: pybind11_tests.kwargs_and_defaults.first_arg_kw_only, *, i: int = 1, j: int = 2) -> None\n"  # noqa: E501 line too long
+        == "method(self: pybind11_tests.kwargs_and_defaults.first_arg_kw_only, *, i: int = 1, j: int = 2) -> None\n"
     )
 
 
-def test_positional_only_args(msg):
+def test_positional_only_args():
     assert m.pos_only_all(1, 2) == (1, 2)
     assert m.pos_only_all(2, 1) == (2, 1)
 
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@ def test_positional_only_args(msg):
     # Mix it with args and kwargs:
     assert (
         m.args_kwonly_full_monty.__doc__
-        == "args_kwonly_full_monty(arg0: int = 1, arg1: int = 2, /, j: float = 3.14159, *args, z: int = 42, **kwargs) -> tuple\n"  # noqa: E501 line too long
+        == "args_kwonly_full_monty(arg0: int = 1, arg1: int = 2, /, j: float = 3.14159, *args, z: int = 42, **kwargs) -> tuple\n"
     )
     assert m.args_kwonly_full_monty() == (1, 2, 3.14159, (), 42, {})
     assert m.args_kwonly_full_monty(8) == (8, 2, 3.14159, (), 42, {})
@@ -326,18 +325,18 @@ def test_positional_only_args(msg):
     # https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3402#issuecomment-963341987
     assert (
         m.first_arg_kw_only.pos_only.__doc__
-        == "pos_only(self: pybind11_tests.kwargs_and_defaults.first_arg_kw_only, /, i: int, j: int) -> None\n"  # noqa: E501 line too long
+        == "pos_only(self: pybind11_tests.kwargs_and_defaults.first_arg_kw_only, /, i: int, j: int) -> None\n"
     )
 
 
 def test_signatures():
-    assert "kw_only_all(*, i: int, j: int) -> tuple\n" == m.kw_only_all.__doc__
+    assert m.kw_only_all.__doc__ == "kw_only_all(*, i: int, j: int) -> tuple\n"
-    assert "kw_only_mixed(i: int, *, j: int) -> tuple\n" == m.kw_only_mixed.__doc__
+    assert m.kw_only_mixed.__doc__ == "kw_only_mixed(i: int, *, j: int) -> tuple\n"
-    assert "pos_only_all(i: int, j: int, /) -> tuple\n" == m.pos_only_all.__doc__
+    assert m.pos_only_all.__doc__ == "pos_only_all(i: int, j: int, /) -> tuple\n"
-    assert "pos_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int) -> tuple\n" == m.pos_only_mix.__doc__
+    assert m.pos_only_mix.__doc__ == "pos_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int) -> tuple\n"
     assert (
-        "pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple\n"
+        m.pos_kw_only_mix.__doc__
-        == m.pos_kw_only_mix.__doc__
+        == "pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple\n"
     )
 
 

tests/test_methods_and_attributes.py

@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ def test_static_properties():
 
     # Only static attributes can be deleted
     del m.TestPropertiesOverride.def_readonly_static
+    assert hasattr(m.TestPropertiesOverride, "def_readonly_static")
     assert (
-        hasattr(m.TestPropertiesOverride, "def_readonly_static")
+        m.TestPropertiesOverride.def_readonly_static
-        and m.TestPropertiesOverride.def_readonly_static
         is m.TestProperties.def_readonly_static
     )
     assert "def_readonly_static" not in m.TestPropertiesOverride.__dict__
@@ -256,10 +256,7 @@ def test_no_mixed_overloads():
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("access", ["ro", "rw", "static_ro", "static_rw"])
 def test_property_return_value_policies(access):
-    if not access.startswith("static"):
+    obj = m.TestPropRVP() if not access.startswith("static") else m.TestPropRVP
-        obj = m.TestPropRVP()
-    else:
-        obj = m.TestPropRVP
 
     ref = getattr(obj, access + "_ref")
     assert ref.value == 1

tests/test_modules.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import builtins
+
 import pytest
 
 import env
@@ -86,12 +88,7 @@ def test_builtin_key_type():
 
     Previous versions of pybind11 would add a unicode key in python 2.
     """
-    if hasattr(__builtins__, "keys"):
+    assert all(type(k) == str for k in dir(builtins))
-        keys = __builtins__.keys()
-    else:  # this is to make pypy happy since builtins is different there.
-        keys = __builtins__.__dict__.keys()
-
-    assert {type(k) for k in keys} == {str}
 
 
 @pytest.mark.xfail("env.PYPY", reason="PyModule_GetName()")

tests/test_numpy_array.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def test_dtypes():
             )
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+@pytest.fixture()
 def arr():
     return np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], "=u2")
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_array_attributes():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "args, ret", [([], 0), ([0], 0), ([1], 3), ([0, 1], 1), ([1, 2], 5)]
+    ("args", "ret"), [([], 0), ([0], 0), ([1], 3), ([0, 1], 1), ([1, 2], 5)]
 )
 def test_index_offset(arr, args, ret):
     assert m.index_at(arr, *args) == ret
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def test_dim_check_fail(arr):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "args, ret",
+    ("args", "ret"),
     [
         ([], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]),
         ([1], [4, 5, 6]),
@@ -211,12 +211,14 @@ def test_wrap():
             assert b[0, 0] == 1234
 
     a1 = np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int16)
-    assert a1.flags.owndata and a1.base is None
+    assert a1.flags.owndata
+    assert a1.base is None
     a2 = m.wrap(a1)
     assert_references(a1, a2)
 
     a1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=np.float32, order="F")
-    assert a1.flags.owndata and a1.base is None
+    assert a1.flags.owndata
+    assert a1.base is None
     a2 = m.wrap(a1)
     assert_references(a1, a2)
 
@@ -451,13 +453,15 @@ def test_array_resize():
     try:
         m.array_resize3(a, 3, True)
     except ValueError as e:
-        assert str(e).startswith("cannot resize an array")
+        assert str(e).startswith("cannot resize an array")  # noqa: PT017
     # transposed array doesn't own data
     b = a.transpose()
     try:
         m.array_resize3(b, 3, False)
     except ValueError as e:
-        assert str(e).startswith("cannot resize this array: it does not own its data")
+        assert str(e).startswith(  # noqa: PT017
+            "cannot resize this array: it does not own its data"
+        )
     # ... but reshape should be fine
     m.array_reshape2(b)
     assert b.shape == (8, 8)

tests/test_numpy_dtypes.py

@@ -130,14 +130,10 @@ def test_dtype(simple_dtype):
         partial_nested_fmt(),
         "[('a','S3'),('b','S3')]",
         (
-            "{{'names':['a','b','c','d'],"
+            "{'names':['a','b','c','d'],"
-            + "'formats':[('S4',(3,)),('"
+            f"'formats':[('S4',(3,)),('{e}i4',(2,)),('u1',(3,)),('{e}f4',(4,2))],"
-            + e
+            "'offsets':[0,12,20,24],'itemsize':56}"
-            + "i4',(2,)),('u1',(3,)),('"
+        ),
-            + e
-            + "f4',(4,2))],"
-            + "'offsets':[0,12,20,24],'itemsize':56}}"
-        ).format(e=e),
         "[('e1','" + e + "i8'),('e2','u1')]",
         "[('x','i1'),('y','" + e + "u8')]",
         "[('cflt','" + e + "c8'),('cdbl','" + e + "c16')]",
@@ -291,19 +287,17 @@ def test_array_array():
 
     arr = m.create_array_array(3)
     assert str(arr.dtype).replace(" ", "") == (
-        "{{'names':['a','b','c','d'],"
+        "{'names':['a','b','c','d'],"
-        + "'formats':[('S4',(3,)),('"
+        f"'formats':[('S4',(3,)),('{e}i4',(2,)),('u1',(3,)),('{e}f4',(4,2))],"
-        + e
+        "'offsets':[0,12,20,24],'itemsize':56}"
-        + "i4',(2,)),('u1',(3,)),('{e}f4',(4,2))],"
+    )
-        + "'offsets':[0,12,20,24],'itemsize':56}}"
-    ).format(e=e)
     assert m.print_array_array(arr) == [
         "a={{A,B,C,D},{K,L,M,N},{U,V,W,X}},b={0,1},"
-        + "c={0,1,2},d={{0,1},{10,11},{20,21},{30,31}}",
+        "c={0,1,2},d={{0,1},{10,11},{20,21},{30,31}}",
         "a={{W,X,Y,Z},{G,H,I,J},{Q,R,S,T}},b={1000,1001},"
-        + "c={10,11,12},d={{100,101},{110,111},{120,121},{130,131}}",
+        "c={10,11,12},d={{100,101},{110,111},{120,121},{130,131}}",
         "a={{S,T,U,V},{C,D,E,F},{M,N,O,P}},b={2000,2001},"
-        + "c={20,21,22},d={{200,201},{210,211},{220,221},{230,231}}",
+        "c={20,21,22},d={{200,201},{210,211},{220,221},{230,231}}",
     ]
     assert arr["a"].tolist() == [
         [b"ABCD", b"KLMN", b"UVWX"],

tests/test_numpy_vectorize.py

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def test_docs(doc):
         doc(m.vectorized_func)
         == """
         vectorized_func(arg0: numpy.ndarray[numpy.int32], arg1: numpy.ndarray[numpy.float32], arg2: numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64]) -> object
-    """  # noqa: E501 line too long
+    """
     )
 
 

tests/test_pytypes.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def test_obj_class_name():
     assert m.obj_class_name([]) == "list"
 
 
-def test_handle_from_move_only_type_with_operator_PyObject():  # noqa: N802
+def test_handle_from_move_only_type_with_operator_PyObject():
     assert m.handle_from_move_only_type_with_operator_PyObject_ncnst()
     assert m.handle_from_move_only_type_with_operator_PyObject_const()
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def test_iterator(doc):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "pytype, from_iter_func",
+    ("pytype", "from_iter_func"),
     [
         (frozenset, m.get_frozenset_from_iterable),
         (list, m.get_list_from_iterable),
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def test_list(capture, doc):
     assert doc(m.print_list) == "print_list(arg0: list) -> None"
 
 
-def test_none(capture, doc):
+def test_none(doc):
     assert doc(m.get_none) == "get_none() -> None"
     assert doc(m.print_none) == "print_none(arg0: None) -> None"
 
@@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ class CustomContains:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "arg,func",
+    ("arg", "func"),
     [
         (set(), m.anyset_contains),
-        (dict(), m.dict_contains),
+        ({}, m.dict_contains),
         (CustomContains(), m.obj_contains),
     ],
 )
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def test_bytes(doc):
     assert doc(m.bytes_from_str) == "bytes_from_str() -> bytes"
 
 
-def test_bytearray(doc):
+def test_bytearray():
     assert m.bytearray_from_char_ssize_t().decode() == "$%"
     assert m.bytearray_from_char_size_t().decode() == "@$!"
     assert m.bytearray_from_string().decode() == "foo"
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ def test_accessors():
     assert d["implicit_list"] == [1, 2, 3]
     assert all(x in TestObject.__dict__ for x in d["implicit_dict"])
 
-    assert m.tuple_accessor(tuple()) == (0, 1, 2)
+    assert m.tuple_accessor(()) == (0, 1, 2)
 
     d = m.accessor_assignment()
     assert d["get"] == 0
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ def test_issue2361():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "method, args, fmt, expected_view",
+    ("method", "args", "fmt", "expected_view"),
     [
         (m.test_memoryview_object, (b"red",), "B", b"red"),
         (m.test_memoryview_buffer_info, (b"green",), "B", b"green"),
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ def test_memoryview_from_memory():
 
 
 def test_builtin_functions():
-    assert m.get_len([i for i in range(42)]) == 42
+    assert m.get_len(list(range(42))) == 42
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc_info:
         m.get_len(i for i in range(42))
     assert str(exc_info.value) in [
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ def test_pass_bytes_or_unicode_to_string_types():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "create_weakref, create_weakref_with_callback",
+    ("create_weakref", "create_weakref_with_callback"),
     [
         (m.weakref_from_handle, m.weakref_from_handle_and_function),
         (m.weakref_from_object, m.weakref_from_object_and_function),
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ def test_weakref(create_weakref, create_weakref_with_callback):
 
     callback_called = False
 
-    def callback(wr):
+    def callback(_):
         nonlocal callback_called
         callback_called = True
 
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ def test_weakref(create_weakref, create_weakref_with_callback):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "create_weakref, has_callback",
+    ("create_weakref", "has_callback"),
     [
         (m.weakref_from_handle, False),
         (m.weakref_from_object, False),
@@ -748,10 +748,7 @@ def test_weakref_err(create_weakref, has_callback):
     ob = C()
     # Should raise TypeError on CPython
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) if not env.PYPY else contextlib.nullcontext():
-        if has_callback:
+        _ = create_weakref(ob, callback) if has_callback else create_weakref(ob)
-            _ = create_weakref(ob, callback)
-        else:
-            _ = create_weakref(ob)
 
 
 def test_cpp_iterators():
@@ -814,33 +811,36 @@ def test_populate_obj_str_attrs():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "a,b", [("foo", "bar"), (1, 2), (1.0, 2.0), (list(range(3)), list(range(3, 6)))]
+    ("a", "b"),
+    [("foo", "bar"), (1, 2), (1.0, 2.0), (list(range(3)), list(range(3, 6)))],
 )
 def test_inplace_append(a, b):
     expected = a + b
     assert m.inplace_append(a, b) == expected
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b", [(3, 2), (3.0, 2.0), (set(range(3)), set(range(2)))])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("a", "b"), [(3, 2), (3.0, 2.0), (set(range(3)), set(range(2)))]
+)
 def test_inplace_subtract(a, b):
     expected = a - b
     assert m.inplace_subtract(a, b) == expected
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b", [(3, 2), (3.0, 2.0), ([1], 3)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("a", "b"), [(3, 2), (3.0, 2.0), ([1], 3)])
 def test_inplace_multiply(a, b):
     expected = a * b
     assert m.inplace_multiply(a, b) == expected
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b", [(6, 3), (6.0, 3.0)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("a", "b"), [(6, 3), (6.0, 3.0)])
 def test_inplace_divide(a, b):
     expected = a / b
     assert m.inplace_divide(a, b) == expected
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "a,b",
+    ("a", "b"),
     [
         (False, True),
         (
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ def test_inplace_or(a, b):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "a,b",
+    ("a", "b"),
     [
         (True, False),
         (
@@ -873,13 +873,13 @@ def test_inplace_and(a, b):
     assert m.inplace_and(a, b) == expected
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b", [(8, 1), (-3, 2)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("a", "b"), [(8, 1), (-3, 2)])
 def test_inplace_lshift(a, b):
     expected = a << b
     assert m.inplace_lshift(a, b) == expected
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b", [(8, 1), (-2, 2)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("a", "b"), [(8, 1), (-2, 2)])
 def test_inplace_rshift(a, b):
     expected = a >> b
     assert m.inplace_rshift(a, b) == expected

tests/test_sequences_and_iterators.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import pytest
-from pytest import approx
+from pytest import approx  # noqa: PT013
 
 from pybind11_tests import ConstructorStats
 from pybind11_tests import sequences_and_iterators as m
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ def test_sequence():
 
     assert "Sequence" in repr(s)
     assert len(s) == 5
-    assert s[0] == 0 and s[3] == 0
+    assert s[0] == 0
+    assert s[3] == 0
     assert 12.34 not in s
     s[0], s[3] = 12.34, 56.78
     assert 12.34 in s
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ def test_iterator_rvp():
 
 def test_carray_iterator():
     """#4100: Check for proper iterator overload with C-Arrays"""
-    args_gt = list(float(i) for i in range(3))
+    args_gt = [float(i) for i in range(3)]
     arr_h = m.CArrayHolder(*args_gt)
     args = list(arr_h)
     assert args_gt == args

tests/test_stl.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def test_vector(doc):
 
     assert m.cast_bool_vector() == [True, False]
     assert m.load_bool_vector([True, False])
-    assert m.load_bool_vector(tuple([True, False]))
+    assert m.load_bool_vector((True, False))
 
     assert doc(m.cast_vector) == "cast_vector() -> List[int]"
     assert doc(m.load_vector) == "load_vector(arg0: List[int]) -> bool"
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def test_vector(doc):
     assert m.cast_ptr_vector() == ["lvalue", "lvalue"]
 
 
-def test_deque(doc):
+def test_deque():
     """std::deque <-> list"""
     lst = m.cast_deque()
     assert lst == [1]
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ def test_recursive_casting():
 
     # Issue #853 test case:
     z = m.cast_unique_ptr_vector()
-    assert z[0].value == 7 and z[1].value == 42
+    assert z[0].value == 7
+    assert z[1].value == 42
 
 
 def test_move_out_container():

tests/test_stl_binders.py

@@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ def test_map_string_double():
     um["ua"] = 1.1
     um["ub"] = 2.6
 
-    assert sorted(list(um)) == ["ua", "ub"]
+    assert sorted(um) == ["ua", "ub"]
     assert list(um.keys()) == list(um)
-    assert sorted(list(um.items())) == [("ua", 1.1), ("ub", 2.6)]
+    assert sorted(um.items()) == [("ua", 1.1), ("ub", 2.6)]
     assert list(zip(um.keys(), um.values())) == list(um.items())
     assert "UnorderedMapStringDouble" in str(um)
 
@@ -304,11 +304,11 @@ def test_map_delitem():
     um["ua"] = 1.1
     um["ub"] = 2.6
 
-    assert sorted(list(um)) == ["ua", "ub"]
+    assert sorted(um) == ["ua", "ub"]
-    assert sorted(list(um.items())) == [("ua", 1.1), ("ub", 2.6)]
+    assert sorted(um.items()) == [("ua", 1.1), ("ub", 2.6)]
     del um["ua"]
-    assert sorted(list(um)) == ["ub"]
+    assert sorted(um) == ["ub"]
-    assert sorted(list(um.items())) == [("ub", 2.6)]
+    assert sorted(um.items()) == [("ub", 2.6)]
 
 
 def test_map_view_types():

tests/test_virtual_functions.py

@@ -192,8 +192,7 @@ def test_move_support():
     class NCVirtExt(m.NCVirt):
         def get_noncopyable(self, a, b):
             # Constructs and returns a new instance:
-            nc = m.NonCopyable(a * a, b * b)
+            return m.NonCopyable(a * a, b * b)
-            return nc
 
         def get_movable(self, a, b):
             # Return a referenced copy
@@ -256,7 +255,7 @@ def test_dispatch_issue(msg):
     assert m.dispatch_issue_go(b) == "Yay.."
 
 
-def test_recursive_dispatch_issue(msg):
+def test_recursive_dispatch_issue():
     """#3357: Recursive dispatch fails to find python function override"""
 
     class Data(m.Data):
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ def test_recursive_dispatch_issue(msg):
             # lambda is a workaround, which adds extra frame to the
             # current CPython thread. Removing lambda reveals the bug
             # [https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/3357]
-            (lambda: visitor(Data(first.value + second.value)))()
+            (lambda: visitor(Data(first.value + second.value)))()  # noqa: PLC3002
 
     class StoreResultVisitor:
         def __init__(self):

tools/codespell_ignore_lines_from_errors.py

@@ -17,14 +17,18 @@ def run(args: List[str]) -> None:
     assert len(args) == 1, "codespell_errors.txt"
     cache = {}
     done = set()
-    for line in sorted(open(args[0]).read().splitlines()):
+    with open(args[0]) as f:
+        lines = f.read().splitlines()
+
+    for line in sorted(lines):
         i = line.find(" ==> ")
         if i > 0:
             flds = line[:i].split(":")
             if len(flds) >= 2:
                 filename, line_num = flds[:2]
                 if filename not in cache:
-                    cache[filename] = open(filename).read().splitlines()
+                    with open(filename) as f:
+                        cache[filename] = f.read().splitlines()
                 supp = cache[filename][int(line_num) - 1]
                 if supp not in done:
                     print(supp)