This commit adds `error_already_set::matches()` convenience method to
check if the exception trapped by `error_already_set` matches a given
Python exception type. This will address #700 by providing a less
verbose way to check exceptions.
The constexpr static instances can cause linking failures if the
compiler doesn't optimize away the reference, as reported in #770.
There's no particularly nice way of fixing this in C++11/14: we can't
inline definitions to match the declaration aren't permitted for
non-templated static variables (C++17 *does* allows "inline" on
variables, but that obviously doesn't help us.)
One solution that could work around it is to add an extra inherited
subclass to `object`'s hierarchy, but that's a bit of a messy solution
and was decided against in #771 in favour of just deprecating (and
eventually dropping) the constexpr statics.
Fixes#770.
The extends the previous unchecked support with the ability to
determine the dimensions at runtime. This incurs a small performance
hit when used (versus the compile-time fixed alternative), but is still considerably
faster than the full checks on every call that happen with
`.at()`/`.mutable_at()`.
This adds bounds-unchecked access to arrays through a `a.unchecked<Type,
Dimensions>()` method. (For `array_t<T>`, the `Type` template parameter
is omitted). The mutable version (which requires the array have the
`writeable` flag) is available as `a.mutable_unchecked<...>()`.
Specifying the Dimensions as a template parameter allows storage of an
std::array; having the strides and sizes stored that way (as opposed to
storing a copy of the array's strides/shape pointers) allows the
compiler to make significant optimizations of the shape() method that it
can't make with a pointer; testing with nested loops of the form:
for (size_t i0 = 0; i0 < r.shape(0); i0++)
for (size_t i1 = 0; i1 < r.shape(1); i1++)
...
r(i0, i1, ...) += 1;
over a 10 million element array gives around a 25% speedup (versus using
a pointer) for the 1D case, 33% for 2D, and runs more than twice as fast
with a 5D array.
This extends the trivial handling to support trivial handling for
Fortran-order arrays (i.e. column major): if inputs aren't all
C-contiguous, but *are* all F-contiguous, the resulting array will be
F-contiguous and we can do trivial processing.
For anything else (e.g. C-contiguous, or inputs requiring non-trivial
processing), the result is in (numpy-default) C-contiguous layout.
The only part of the vectorize code that actually needs c-contiguous is
the "trivial" broadcast; for non-trivial arguments, the code already
uses strides properly (and so handles C-style, F-style, neither, slices,
etc.)
This commit rewrites `broadcast` to additionally check for C-contiguous
storage, then takes off the `c_style` flag for the arguments, which
will keep the functionality more or less the same, except for no longer
requiring an array copy for non-c-contiguous input arrays.
Additionally, if we're given a singleton slice (e.g. a[0::4, 0::4] for a
4x4 or smaller array), we no longer fail triviality because the trivial
code path never actually uses the strides on a singleton.
Instead of a segfault. Fixes#751.
This covers the case of loading a custom holder from a default-holder
instance. Attempting to load one custom holder from a different custom
holder (i.e. not `std::unique_ptr`) yields undefined behavior, just as
#588 established for inheritance.
py::arg() doesn't only specify named arguments anymore, so the error
message was misleading (e.g. when using `py::arg().noconvert()` and
forgetting `py::arg()` for a second positional argument).
We now require (and enforce at compile time):
- GCC 4.8+
- clang 3.3+ (5.0+ for Apple's renumbered clang)
- MSVC 2015u3+
- ICC 15+
This also updates the versions listed in the README, and removes a
now-redundant MSVC version check.
This adds brief API documentation for make_iterator/make_key_iterator,
specifically mentioning that it requires InputIterators.
Closes#734.
[skip ci] (no code change here)
We can't support this for classes from imported modules (which is the
primary purpose of a ctor argument base class) because we *have* to
have both parent and derived to properly extract a multiple-inheritance
base class pointer from a derived class pointer.
We could support this for actual `class_<Base, ...> instances, but since
in that case the `Base` is already present in the code, it seems more
consistent to simply always require MI to go via template options.
This puts the fold expressions behind the feature macro instead of a
general C++17 macro.
It also adds a fold expression optimization to constexpr_sum (guarded
by the same feature macro).
Fixes#738
The current check for conformability fails when given a 2D, 1xN or Nx1
input to a row-major or column-major, respectively, Eigen::Ref, leading
to a copy-required state in the type_caster, but this later failed
because the copy was also non-conformable because it had the same shape
and strides (because a 1xN or Nx1 is both F and C contiguous).
In such cases we can safely ignore the stride on the "1" dimension since
it'll never be used: only the "N" dimension stride needs to match the
Eigen::Ref stride, which both fixes the non-conformable copy problem,
but also avoids a copy entirely as long as the "N" dimension has a
compatible stride.
Allows use of vectors as python buffers, so for example they can be adopted without a copy by numpy.asarray
Allows faster conversion of buffers to vectors by copying instead of individually casting the elements
* Add value_type member alias to py::array_t (resolve#632)
* Use numpy scalar name in py::array_t function signatures (e.g. float32/64 instead of just float)
The `decltype(...)` in the template parameter that gives us SFINAE
matching for a lambda makes MSVC 2017 ICE; this works around if by
changing the test to an explicit not-a-function-or-pointer test, which
seems to work everywhere.
Some versions of Python 2.7 reportedly (#713) have issues with
PyUnicode_Decode being passed the encoding string, so just skip it
entirely by calling the PyUnicode_DecodeUTF* function directly. This
will also be slightly more efficient by avoiding having to check the
encoding string, and (for python 2) going through the unicode class's
decode (python 3 fast-tracks this for all utf-{8,16,32} encodings;
python 2 only fast-tracked for the exact string "utf-8", which we
weren't passing anyway (we had "utf8")).
This doesn't work for PyPy, however: its `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF{8,16,32}`
appear rather broken: the UTF8 one segfaults, while the 16/32 require
recasting into a non-const `char *` (and might segfault; I didn't get
far enough to find out). Just avoid the whole thing by keeping the
encoding-passed-as-string version for PyPy, which seems to work
reliably.
The duration calculation was using %, but that's only supported on
duration objects when the arithmetic type supports %, and hence fails
for floats. Fixed by subtracting off the calculated values instead.
When using pybind::options to disable function signatures, user-defined
docstrings only get appended if they exist, but newlines were getting
appended unconditionally, so the docstring could end up with blank lines
(depending on which overloads, in particular, provided docstrings).
This commit suppresses the empty lines by only adding newlines for
overloads when needed.
This makes array_t respect overload resolution and noconvert by failing
to load when `convert = false` if the src isn't already an array of the
correct type.
Added in 6fb48490ef
The second constructor can't be doing anything--the signatures are
exactly the same, and so the first is always going to be the one
invoked by the dispatcher.
Commit 11a337f1 added major and minor python version
checking to cast.h but does not use the macros defined
via the Python.h inclusion. This may be due to an
intention to use the variables defined by the cmake
module FindPythonInterpreter, but nothing in the
pybind11 repo does anything to convert the cmake
variables to preprocessor defines.
* The definition of `PySequence_Fast` is more restrictive on PyPy, so
use the slow path instead.
* `PyDict_Next` has been fixed in PyPy -> remove workaround.
Before this, `py::iterator` didn't do any error handling, so code like:
```c++
for (auto item : py::int_(1)) {
// ...
}
```
would just silently skip the loop. The above now throws `TypeError` as
expected. This is a breaking behavior change, but any code which relied
on the silent skip was probably broken anyway.
Also, errors returned by `PyIter_Next()` are now properly handled.
This commit largely rewrites the Eigen dense matrix support to avoid
copying in many cases: Eigen arguments can now reference numpy data, and
numpy objects can now reference Eigen data (given compatible types).
Eigen::Ref<...> arguments now also make use of the new `convert`
argument use (added in PR #634) to avoid conversion, allowing
`py::arg().noconvert()` to be used when binding a function to prohibit
copying when invoking the function. Respecting `convert` also means
Eigen overloads that avoid copying will be preferred during overload
resolution to ones that require copying.
This commit also rewrites the Eigen documentation and test suite to
explain and test the new capabilities.
Eigen::Ref objects, when returned, are almost always returned as
rvalues; what's important is the data they reference, not the outer
shell, and so we want to be able to use `::copy`,
`::reference_internal`, etc. to refer to the data the Eigen::Ref
references (in the following commits), rather than the Eigen::Ref
instance itself.
This moves the policy override into a struct so that code that wants to
avoid it (or wants to provide some other Return-type-conditional
override) can create a specialization of
return_value_policy_override<Return> in order to override the override.
This lets an Eigen::Ref-returning function be bound with `rvp::copy`,
for example, to specify that the data should be copied into a new numpy
array rather than referenced, or `rvp::reference_internal` to indicate
that it should be referenced, but a keep-alive used (actually, we used
the array's `base` rather than a py::keep_alive in such a case, but it
accomplishes the same thing).
Numpy raises ValueError when attempting to modify an array, while
py::array is raising a RuntimeError. This changes the exception to a
std::domain_error, which gets mapped to the expected ValueError in
python.
numpy arrays aren't currently properly setting base: by setting `->base`
directly, the base doesn't follow what numpy expects and documents (that
is, following chained array bases to the root array).
This fixes the behaviour by using numpy's PyArray_SetBaseObject to set
the base instead, and then updates the tests to reflect the fixed
behaviour.
A few of pybind's numpy constants are using the numpy-deprecated names
(without "ARRAY_" in them); updated our names to be consistent with
current numpy code.
`is_template_base_of<T>` fails when `T` is `const` (because its
implementation relies on being able to convert a `T*` to a `Base<U>*`,
which won't work when `T` is const).
(This also agrees with std::is_base_of, which ignores cv qualification.)
